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Laser-Assisted Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Saudi Population: A Prospective Clinical Intervention of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the 1st Week of Pain Perception in Four Treatment Modalities
摘要： Background. This ?rst-in-human study in Saudi orthodontic patients has evaluated the role of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in pain perception (PP). The outcome of single application of LLLT with 4 di?erent treatment modalities (TM) on PP are evaluated following orthodontic bracket bonding on maxilla. Materials and Methods. A prospective clinical intervention with imple- mentation of parallel technique in each group, 32 orthodontic patients with ectopic canine requiring ?xed orthodontic appliance were enrolled and randomly allocated to the 4 groups: LLLT + self-ligating (SL) bracket, LLLT + conventional (Conv.) bracket, non-LLLT + SL bracket, and non-LLLT + Conv. bracket. Orthodontic bracket bonding from 1st molar to 1st molar and superelastic 0.012 inch NiTi were applied for the maxilla. For each patient, maxillary 1st molar to molar received a single application of LLLT using a 940 nm Ga-Al-As laser device on 5 di?erent points labially/buccally and palatally. Main outcome measure was the degree of PP score during the 1st week of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) after 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days of both LLLT and non-LLLT treatment applications. A questionnaire with an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) was used for PP. Results. Mean ± SD of PP in the LLLT + SL group was 3.33 ± 1.4, 3.58 ± 1.06, 2.31 ± 0.67, and 1.89 ± 0.54 in 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days, respectively. Compared to all 4 TM groups, LLLT groups showed better PP. More statistically signi?cant di?erences were found in LLLT groups. No harms were encountered. Limitations. The intervention provider and the patient were not blinded to the intervention. Conclusion. The LLLT + SL group revealed signi?cantly promising bene?ts on PP during OTM.
关键词： low-level laser therapy,self-ligating brackets,pain perception,conventional brackets,orthodontic tooth movement
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High Intensity Laser Therapy for Treatment of Spinal Disorders
摘要： The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of high intensity laser therapy (HILT) on pain and function in individuals with spinal disorders. Six Electronic databases were searched up to the end of February 2018. In addition, the reference lists of all included studies were searched for any relevant studies. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of HILT in adult individuals (<18 years old) with spinal disorders, studies must have at least one primary outcome measure of pain and function, and all included studies must be written in English language. PRISMA guidelines were followed to prepare this review. The number in CRD42018090019. PEDro scale and GRADE system were performed to assess the quality of studies. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the overall effect size. A total of ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria, with four studies of the ef?cacy of HILT on neck pain (NP) and six on low back pain (LBP). Forest plots showed that HILT with exercise was signi?cantly more effective than placebo HILT with exercise in terms of pain reduction (SMD -1.42 to -0.80; P<0.00001; I2 0%) and functional improvement (SMD -1.03; 95% CI -1.33 to -0.72; P<0.00001; I2 0%). Meta-analyses also showed that HILT alone or HILT with conventional physiotherapy (CPT) signi?cantly provided better outcomes than CPT alone. HILT is considered as a complementary modality for pain reduction and function improvement in individuals with spinal disorders. However, the quality of the body of evidence was rated from ‘very low’ to ‘low’ quality.
关键词： Neck Pain,Rehabilitation,High Intensity Laser Therapy,Low Back Pain,Spinal Disorders
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Efficacy of low-level laser therapy on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials
摘要： Objectives Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is not recommended in major knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment guidelines. We investigated whether a LLLT dose–response relationship exists in KOA. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Eligible articles were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 18 February 2019, reference lists, a book, citations and experts in the field. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We solely included randomised placebo-controlled trials involving participants with KOA according to the American College of Rheumatology and/or Kellgren/Lawrence criteria, in which LLLT was applied to participants’ knee(s). There were no language restrictions. Data extraction and synthesis The included trials were synthesised with random effects meta-analyses and subgrouped by dose using the World Association for Laser Therapy treatment recommendations. Cochrane’s risk-of- bias tool was used. results 22 trials (n=1063) were meta-analysed. Risk of bias was insignificant. Overall, pain was significantly reduced by LLLT compared with placebo at the end of therapy (14.23 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 95% CI 7.31 to 21.14)) and during follow-ups 1–12 weeks later (15.92 mm VAS (95% CI 6.47 to 25.37)). The subgroup analysis revealed that pain was significantly reduced by the recommended LLLT doses compared with placebo at the end of therapy (18.71 mm (95% CI 9.42 to 27.99)) and during follow-ups 2–12 weeks after the end of therapy (23.23 mm VAS (95% CI 10.60 to 35.86)). The pain reduction from the recommended LLLT doses peaked during follow-ups 2–4 weeks after the end of therapy (31.87 mm VAS significantly beyond placebo (95% CI 18.18 to 45.56)). Disability was also statistically significantly reduced by LLLT. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion LLLT reduces pain and disability in KOA at 4–8 J with 785–860 nm wavelength and at 1–3 J with 904 nm wavelength per treatment spot. PrOSPErO registration number CRD42016035587.
关键词： disability,low-level laser therapy,knee osteoarthritis,meta-analysis,pain
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Longitudinal Assessment of Post-Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy Pain and Opioid Consumption using Text Messaging
摘要： Introduction: We identi?ed patterns of postoperative pain and opioid consumption and associated factors following ureteroscopy for kidney stones by acquiring real-time data through automated text messages. Methods: Adult patients undergoing ureteroscopy for kidney stones were prospectively enrolled to receive postoperative pain assessments and opioid consumption inquiries through daily automated text messages. Patients were prompted for pain levels (0 to 10) twice daily and opioid consumption nightly. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with decreased time to pain resolution and increased opioid consumption. Results: Of 62 patients enrolled 46 (74%) completed the study. Median time to pain resolution was 7 days and 75% of patients reported pain of 4 or less by postoperative day 3. Median opioid consumption was 10 pills, 25% of patients consumed no pills and 63% of pills went unused. Higher pain immediately preceding surgery (HR 0.7, p <0.001) and preoperative opioid consumption (HR 0.36, p?0.004) were predictive of increased time to pain resolution. Increased postoperative opioid consumption was associated with increased pain immediately preceding surgery (p <0.001), consumption of opioids at the time of surgery (p?0.001) and increased quantity of opioid consumption at the time of surgery (p <0.001). Preoperative renal drainage was associated with faster pain resolution (HR 2.29, p?0.017) and decreased opioid use (p?0.018). Conclusions: Pain following ureteroscopy peaks on postoperative day 0 and decreases to zero by postoperative day 7, with patients taking a median of 10 opioids in the postoperative period. Preoperative identi?cation of at-risk populations allows for patient speci?c dose escalation of opioids, which may limit future opioid overprescription.
关键词： text messaging,ureteroscopy,pain, postoperative,kidney calculi,analgesics, opioid
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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<p>Effects of a single treatment with two nonthermal laser wavelengths on chronic neck and shoulder pain</p>
摘要： Nonthermal lasers provide pain relief for a variety of musculoskeletal disorders and improve physical functioning. A nonthermal laser that employs a 635 nm red diode is cleared for the temporary reduction of neck and shoulder pain of musculoskeletal origin. As a 405 nm violet laser has shown synergy with the 635 nm red laser when used together for treating other conditions, the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 635 nm red and 405 nm violet lasers vs the 635 nm red laser for treating neck and shoulder pain of musculoskeletal origin.
关键词： low-level laser,chronic pain,nonthermal laser,randomized trial
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Laser Moxibustion Alleviates Knee Osteoarthritis Pain by Inhibiting Spinal Microglial Activation-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Rats
摘要： Background: Central sensitization driven by glial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is recognized as a key mechanism in pain processing. Laser moxibustion using low-intensity laser irradiation of corresponding acupoints significantly relieves knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain. However, the underlying mechanism of its effects on KOA pain is still not completely understood. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether laser moxibustion could alleviate KOA pain by inhibiting spinal glial activation and proinflammatory cytokines upregulation in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced KOA pain in rats. Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: Saline + Sham Laser, MIA + Laser, and MIA + Sham Laser. A 10.6 lm laser was used to irradiate ST35 (Dubi) for 10 min once every 2 days for a total of seven applications. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and weight-bearing distribution were performed to evaluate the nociceptive behaviors. Spinal expressions of microglial marker, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1); astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1b (IL-1b), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured 14 days after MIA injection. Results: The results showed that laser moxibustion significantly reversed the MIA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and weight-bearing difference up to 14 days compared with MIA + Sham Laser group ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Moreover, both the protein level and immunofluorescence intensity of Iba-1 in the ipsilateral spinal cord dorsal horn were markedly decreased in the MIA + Laser group than those in the MIA + Sham Laser group ( p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the expression of GFAP between groups ( p > 0.05). In addition, laser moxibustion decreased the upregulation of TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6 compared with the MIA + Sham Laser group ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that laser moxibustion at ST35 significantly alleviated MIA-induced KOA pain through inhibition of the microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation, at least partially, by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which may provide a potential analgesic target for KOA pain relief.
关键词： glial activation,knee osteoarthritis pain,laser moxibustion,neuroinflammation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effects of High-Intensity Laser Therapy on Pain Sensitivity and Motor Performance in Patients with Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
摘要： Objective. To examine the effects of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on pain sensitivity and motor performance in patients with thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA). Design. Prospective, triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting. Private practice, Malaga, Spain. Subjects. Forty-three patients (mean 6 SD age ? 71 6 12 years) with a diagnosis of thumb CMC OA grade 1–2 were randomized to the control group (N ? 21) or experimental group (N ? 22). Methods. The experimental group (ExpG) received high-intensity laser therapy (HILT), and the control group (ConG) received a placebo treatment. The outcome measures were pain intensity (visual analog scale) and key pinch strength measurements (dynamometer). All outcome measures were collected at baseline, immediately following the intervention, at four weeks, and at 12 weeks following the intervention. Results. Analysis of variance revealed a group (cid:2) time interaction (F ? 40.8, P < 0.001) for pain intensity, with those patients receiving LT experiencing a greater reduction in pain compared with those receiving placebo therapy at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001), as well as at 12 weeks after the intervention. Although mean values in the ExpG were higher than in the ConG for key pinch at assessment, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions. HILT effectively diminishes pain intensity when used as an isolated treatment for patients with thumb CMC OA, but the effect of treatment decreases after 12 weeks.
关键词： Laser Therapy,Osteoarthritis,Thumb,Pain
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on Orthodontic Tooth Movement
摘要： Prolonged orthodontic treatment duration is detrimental in terms of increased incidence of caries, root resorption, and reduced patient compliance. The aim of this randomized, clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and pain control. Materials and Methods: This single-blind study included twenty participants requiring extraction of all first premolars. Randomly selected split-mouth design was used. One side was irradiated with 810 nm diode laser (dose of 5.0 J/cm2) at 10 points for 10 s. Irradiation was performed just after loading canine retraction forces and on days 3rd and 7th. Every 21st day, the force level of coil spring was adjusted, and LLLT protocol was repeated till retraction was complete. Measurements were recorded on study models to evaluate the rate of retraction. Results: Significant increase in OTM was observed on the side exposed to LLLT when compared to control side (P < 0.05). Statistically significant difference in pain perception was observed during first 2 days only between lased site and control site (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LLLT is a reliable tool for enhancing OTM and is effective in relieving pain at parameter settings and protocol used in this study.
关键词： Low?level laser therapy,orthodontic tooth movement,pain perception
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Comparison of the effects of low-level laser and pulsed and continuous ultrasound on pain and physical disability in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial
摘要： Objective: To compare the short-term effects of pulsed laser and pulsed and continuous ultrasound on pain and functional disability in women with chronic non-specific low back pain. Methods: The sample was composed of 100 volunteers randomly allocated into four groups: The Pulsed Laser Group (n = 26) was treated with 3 J/cm2; the Pulsed Ultrasound Group (n = 24; 3 MHz) was treated with 1 W/cm2; the Continuous Ultrasound Group (n = 26; 1 MHz) was treated with 1 W/cm2; and a Control Group (n = 24), where the patients were still waiting for treatment. Before and after 10 sessions of treatment, the intensity of pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the quality of pain was evaluated using the McGill pain questionnaire and functional disability was investigated using the Roland–Morris questionnaire. Results: The three treated groups exhibited a decrease in pain (p < 0.001); the Pulsed Laser Group showed the greater relative gain (91.2%), Meanwhile, the Control Group exhibited a worsening of ? 5.8%. The three treated groups demonstrated improvement in the quality of pain (McGill) in the total, sensory and affective dimensions (p < 0.005; p < 0.002; p < 0.013, respectively). All treated groups showed a decrease in functional disability (p < 0.001), but the Pulsed Ultrasound Group showed the highest relative gain (83.3%). Conclusions: The three modalities have significant effects to decreasing low back pain and improving functional disability in women with non-specific chronic low back pain, but the pulsed low-level laser had the best results on pain while the pulsed ultrasound had the best results on improve the functional disability.
关键词： Laser therapy and ultrasound therapy,Low back pain
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The Effects of Laser Moxibustion on Knee Osteoarthritis Pain in Rats
摘要： Background: Although chronic pain affects the quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis, current medical treatments are either ineffective or have long-term side effects. Recently, low-intensity laser irradiation of corresponding acupoints was demonstrated to alleviate pain. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 10.6 lm laser moxibustion on a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee osteoarthritis pain model. Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Saline, MIA, MIA+Laser, and MIA+Sham Laser. The 10.6 lm laser was used to irradiate the ST35 for 10 min once a day for a total of seven applications. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and weight-bearing difference were performed to evaluate the analgesic effects of laser moxibustion. At the end of the experiment on days 28, the joint histology, the levels of metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13) in the cartilage, and TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6 in the synovial membrane were measured to determine the chondroprotection and anti-in?ammatory effect of laser moxibustion. Results: Early laser moxibustion signi?cantly reversed the MIA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and weight-bearing difference, especially on the 28th day ( p < 0.001). Moreover, laser moxibustion prevented the articular pathological lesions and cartilage destruction on days 28 ( p < 0.01). Remarkably, the levels of cartilage MMP-13, and synovial TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6 also decreased on day 28 ( p < 0.05) after the early treatment of laser moxibustion. Conclusions: 10.6 lm laser moxibustion may have long-lasting analgesic, anti-in?ammatory, and chondroprotection effects, suggesting that it may emerge as a potential therapeutic strategy for the chronic pain treatment of osteoarthritis.
关键词： chronic pain,knee osteoarthritis,laser moxibustion
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22