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- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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[IEEE 2019 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW) - Nara, Japan (2019.5.19-2019.5.23)] 2019 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW) - Radiative and Nonradiative Tunneling in Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： This paper aims to highlight distinctive features of the SP theory of intelligence, realized in the SP computer model, and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Perhaps most importantly, the theory simplifies and integrates observations and concepts in AI-related areas, and has potential to simplify and integrate of structures and processes in computing systems. Unlike most other AI-related theories, the SP theory is itself a theory of computing, which can be the basis for new architectures for computers. Fundamental in the theory is information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via a concept of multiple alignment. The theory promotes transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge, and unsupervised learning of natural structures via information compression. It provides an interpretation of aspects of mathematics and an interpretation of phenomena in human perception and cognition. Abstract concepts in the theory may be realized in terms of neurons and their inter-connections (SP-neural). These features and advantages of the SP system are discussed in relation to AI-related alternatives: the concept of minimum length encoding and related concepts, how computational and energy efficiency in computing may be achieved, deep learning in neural networks, unified theories of cognition and related research, universal search, Bayesian networks and some other models for AI, IBM’s Watson, solving problems associated with big data and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots, pattern recognition and vision, the learning and processing of natural language, exact and inexact forms of reasoning, representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge, and software engineering. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI and related areas, and at the same time, it may deliver useful results on relatively short timescales.
关键词： information compression,unsupervised learning,perception,reasoning,multiple alignment,cognition,deep learning,mathematics,neural networks,Artificial intelligence
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Probing Changes in Pressure with Sub-pascal Resolution Using an Optical Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer
摘要： This study assesses the impact of display refresh rate on the perception of dynamic visual stimuli in humans. A projection platform was developed in that context, allowing control of the frame rate on a trial-by-trial basis. Using this display, we introduce a series of psychophysical experiments aimed to quantitatively assess objective perceptual performance at different frame rates. Tasks that are often implicitly performed when watching movies on a television set, or when wearing a head mounted display, were chosen: speed discrimination, spatial discrimination, and reading abilities, with stimuli undergoing horizontal motion in a wide range of speeds (16–38 deg/s). The results show that whatever the stimuli or the task, performance is significantly better at high frame rate (HFR) compared to 60 Hz, providing clear-cut evidence that low refresh rates limit the ability to reliably analyze moving stimuli. These results extend those of previous psychophysical experiments performed at low refresh rates, further characterize genuine visual performance in humans and provide an objective benchmarking methodology allowing to assess visual performance with a variety of displays. Results indicate that for low resolution displays, where increasing spatial resolution is not an option, increasing frame rate could benefit motion perception. We discuss these results and their implications with regards to current and emerging categories of visual displays, such as head mounted displays.
关键词： Apparent motion,motion perception,high frame-rate display
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enabling Off-Road Autonomous Navigation-Simulation of LIDAR in Dense Vegetation
摘要： Machine learning techniques have accelerated the development of autonomous navigation algorithms in recent years, especially algorithms for on-road autonomous navigation. However, off-road navigation in unstructured environments continues to challenge autonomous ground vehicles. Many off-road navigation systems rely on LIDAR to sense and classify the environment, but LIDAR sensors often fail to distinguish navigable vegetation from non-navigable solid obstacles. While other areas of autonomy have benefited from the use of simulation, there has not been a real-time LIDAR simulator that accounted for LIDAR–vegetation interaction. In this work, we outline the development of a real-time, physics-based LIDAR simulator for densely vegetated environments that can be used in the development of LIDAR processing algorithms for off-road autonomous navigation. We present a multi-step qualitative validation of the simulator, which includes the development of an improved statistical model for the range distribution of LIDAR returns in grass. As a demonstration of the simulator’s capability, we show an example of the simulator being used to evaluate autonomous navigation through vegetation. The results demonstrate the potential for using the simulation in the development and testing of algorithms for autonomous off-road navigation.
关键词： dynamic path-planning algorithms,obstacle detection and classification,perception in challenging conditions
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[ACM Press SIGGRAPH ASIA 2016 Symposium on Visualization - Macau (2016.12.05-2016.12.08)] SIGGRAPH ASIA 2016 Symposium on Visualization on - SA '16 - Evaluating the perception of semi-transparent structures in direct volume rendering techniques
摘要： Direct volume rendering (DVR) provides the possibility to visualize volumetric data sets as they occur in many scientific disciplines. A key benefit of DVR is that semi-transparency can be facilitated in order to convey the complexity of the visualized data. Unfortunately, semi-transparency introduces new challenges in spatial comprehension of the visualized data, as the ambiguities inherent to semi-transparent representations affect spatial comprehension. Accordingly, many visualization techniques have been introduced to enhance the spatial comprehension of DVR images. In this paper, we conduct a user evaluation in which we compare standard DVR with five visualization techniques which have been proposed to enhance the spatial comprehension of DVR images. In our study, we investigate the perceptual performance of these techniques and compare them against each other to find out which technique is most suitable for different types of data and purposes. In order to do this, a large-scale user study was conducted with 300 participants who completed a number of micro-tasks designed such that the aggregated feedback gives us insight on how well these techniques aid the end user to perceive depth and shape of objects. Within this paper we discuss the tested techniques, present the conducted study and analyze the retrieved results.
关键词： Volume rendering,transparency,depth perception
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Light Shapes
摘要： In computer graphics, illuminating a scene is a complex task, typically consisting of cycles of adjusting and rendering the scene to see the effects. We propose a technique for visualization of light as a tensor field via extracting its properties (i.e., intensity, direction, diffuseness) from (virtual) radiance measurements and showing these properties as a grid of shapes over a volume of a scene. Presented in the viewport, our visualizations give an understanding of the illumination conditions in the measured volume for both the local values and the global variations of light properties. Additionally, they allow quick inferences of the resulting visual appearance of (objects in) scenes without the need to render them. In our evaluation, observers performed at least as well using visualizations as using renderings when they were comparing illumination between parts of a scene and inferring the final appearance of objects in the measured volume. Therefore, the proposed visualizations are expected to help lighting artists by providing perceptually relevant information about the structure of the light field and flow in a scene.
关键词： perception,visualization,lighting design,Light transport
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A study on differences in human perception between a real and an AR scene viewed in an OST-HMD
摘要： With the recent growth in the development of augmented reality (AR) technologies, it is becoming important to study human perception of AR scenes. In order to detect whether users will suffer more from visual and operator fatigue when watching virtual objects through optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs), compared with watching real objects in the real world, we propose a comparative experiment including a virtual magic cube task and a real magic cube task. The scores of the subjective questionnaires (SQ) and the values of the critical flicker frequency (CFF) were obtained from 18 participants. In our study, we use several electrooculogram (EOG) and heart rate variability (HRV) measures as objective indicators of visual and operator fatigue. Statistical analyses were performed to deal with the subjective and objective indicators in the two tasks. Our results suggest that participants were very likely to suffer more from visual and operator fatigue when watching virtual objects presented by the OST-HMD. In addition, the present study provides hints that HRV and EOG measures could be used to explore how visual and operator fatigue are induced by AR content. Finally, three novel HRV measures are proposed to be used as potential indicators of operator fatigue.
关键词： EOG,augmented reality,visual fatigue,ECG,optical see-through HMD,human perception
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 29th Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC) - Belfast (2018.6.21-2018.6.22)] 2018 29th Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC) - Sensor Technology in Autonomous Vehicles : A review
摘要： This paper will review the main sensor technologies used to create an autonomous vehicle. Sensors are key components for all types of autonomous vehicles because they can provide to perceive the surrounding environment and therefore aid the decision-making process. This paper explains how each of these sensors work, their advantages and disadvantages and how sensor fusion techniques can be utilised to create a more optimum and efficient system for autonomous vehicles.
关键词： Sensor Fusion,Localization,Perception
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) - Tuebingen/Reutlingen, Germany (2018.3.18-2018.3.22)] 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) - Light Projection-Induced Illusion for Controlling Object Color
摘要： Using projection mapping, we can control the appearance of real-world objects by projecting colored light onto them. Because a projector can only add illumination to the scene, only a limited color gamut can be presented through projection mapping. In this paper we describe how the controllable color gamut can be extended by accounting for human perception and visual illusions. In particular, we induce color constancy to control what color space observers will perceive. In this paper, we explain the concept of our approach, and show first results of our system.
关键词： Mixed / augmented reality,Computer graphics,Graphics systems and interfaces,Computing methodologies,Perception
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Relative contributions of low- and high-luminance components to material perception
摘要： Besides specular highlights, image pixels that represent clues to recognizing the object material, such as shading between threads of fabrics, often yield relatively lower luminance in the image. Here, we psychophysically examined how lower and higher luminance components contribute to material perception. We created two types of luminance-modulated images—low- and high-luminance-preserved (LLP and HLP) images—and instructed observers to choose which modified image resulted in a material impression closer to the original. LLP images were created by compressing the luminance contrast of the higher half of the histogram in each original photograph and vice versa. The stimuli were photographs of various samples of stone, wood, leather, and fabric. Although the LLP and HLP images were equally chosen, the choice ratios of the HLP images largely differed across the samples and categories and moderately correlated with the luminance statistics of higher-spatial-frequency sub-bands. These results suggest that either the lower- or higher-luminance components play an important role in material perception, depending on the material category. However, the correlation with sub-band image statistics for stone/wood samples was much weaker than for leather/fabric samples, suggesting that more intricate image characteristics may be involved in evaluating the material impressions of the stone/wood samples.
关键词： material perception,image statistics,psychophysics
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Impacts of impaired face perception on social interactions and quality of life in age-related macular degeneration: A qualitative study and new community resources
摘要： Aims Previous studies and community information about everyday difficulties in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have focussed on domains such as reading and driving. Here, we provide the first in-depth examination of how impaired face perception impacts social interactions and quality of life in AMD. We also develop a Faces and Social Life in AMD brochure and information sheet, plus accompanying conversation starter, aimed at AMD patients and those who interact with them (family, friends, nursing home staff). Method Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 AMD patients covering the full range from mild vision loss to legally blind. Thematic analysis was used to explore the range of patient experiences. Results Patients reported faces appeared blurred and/or distorted. They described recurrent failures to recognise others’ identity, facial expressions and emotional states, plus failures of alternative non-face strategies (e.g., hairstyle, voice). They reported failures to follow social nuances (e.g., to pick up that someone was joking), and feelings of missing out (’I can’t join in’). Concern about offending others (e.g., by unintentionally ignoring them) was common, as were concerns of appearing fraudulent (’Other people don’t understand’). Many reported social disengagement. Many reported specifically face-perception-related reductions in social life, confidence, and quality of life. All effects were observed even with only mild vision loss. Patients endorsed the value of our Faces and Social Life in AMD Information Sheet, developed from the interview results, and supported future technological assistance (digital image enhancement). Conclusion Poor face perception in AMD is an important domain contributing to impaired social interactions and quality of life. This domain should be directly assessed in quantitative quality of life measures, and in resources designed to improve community understanding. The identity-related social difficulties mirror those in prosopagnosia, of cortical rather than retinal origin, implying findings may generalise to all low-vision disorders.
关键词： qualitative study,quality of life,face perception,social interactions,community resources,age-related macular degeneration
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36