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Influence of chemical composition on phase transformation and optoelectronic properties of Cu–Cr–O thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering
摘要： Cu–Cr–O films were co-sputtered from Cu and Cr targets on fused silica substrates. Then, these films were annealed at 700 °C for 2 h under controlled Ar atmosphere. [Cu]/[Cr] ratio was increased from 0.59 to 2.02 by increasing the Cu-target power from 10 W to 52 W. When the film was prepared at Cu-target power of 10 W, a pure spinel CuCr2O4 phase was formed in the film. As the Cu-target power increased to 22 W, the phase transformed gradually from spinel CuCr2O4 to delafossite CuCrO2. Further increase of Cu-target power resulted in the appearance of an additional monoclinic CuO phase. The [Cu]/[Cr] ratio was approximately 1 at Cu-target power of 22 W, which caused the film to exhibit pure delafossite CuCrO2 phase and high crystallinity. Accordingly, optimum electrical conductivity and visible transparency were achieved for the pure CuCrO2 film prepared at Cu-target power of 22 W with a figure of merit of 1.51 × 10?8 Ω?1. The formation of the CuO and CuCr2O4 phase was confirmed to deteriorated optoelectronic properties of films.
关键词： Phase change,Ceramic coating,Sputtering,Coating process
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Crystal structure, optical and electrical properties of metal-halide compound [C7H16N2][ZnCl4]
摘要： A new organic–inorganic hybrid compound [C7H16N2][ZnCl4] was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption, differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric measurements. Single crystal diffraction results showed that [C7H16N2][ZnCl4] crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c at room temperature. In the molecular arrangement, the tetrachlorozincate anions are connected to organic cations through N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds. The Raman and IR analyses confirm the presence of the organic groups and the anionic entities. UV–Visible absorption spectrum revealed the energy of the optical band gap. DSC measurements indicated that [C7H16N2][ZnCl4] undergoes three sequential phase transitions at 287, 338 and 356 K. The dielectric study proved the ferroelectric properties below the 338K and indicates their classical character for this compound. The analysis of Nyquist plots revealed the contribution of the bulk mechanism and the grain boundaries.
关键词： Phase transitions,Hybrid material,Crystal structure,Optical absorption,Ferroelectric properties,Conduction mechanism
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Phase engineering and optical properties of 2D MoSe2: Promise and pitfalls
摘要： Phase engineering monolayer MoS2, selectively controlling the MoS2 2H to 1T′ transition via lithium intercalation, has driven recent excitement in the nanoscale electronics field, due to resultant MoS2 contact resistance reduction and the compatibility of MoS2 with CMOS device architecture. Here, we report the “on-chip” 2H to 1T′ transition for the related MoSe2 system, which has a smaller 1.55 eV 2H bandgap, and for which the 1T′ phase transformation should be more energetically favorable. We report the first on-chip 2H to 1T′ transformation of monolayer MoSe2 on both SiO2 and sapphire substrates. The on-chip 1T′eMoSe2 shows higher transparency despite an increased number of metallic states, indicating tunable optoelectronic properties with potential applications in transparent electrodes and energy harvesting. We also describe the challenges introduced by on-chip phase engineering via n-butyllithium exposure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that Li+ ions are required on both sides of the MoSe2 monolayer to create a strong thermodynamic driving force for the 1T′ transformation. We observe that patterned n-butyllithium exposures can be inconsistent, with widely variable kinetics. Due to manifest n-butyllithium-engineered 1T′ MoSe2 stability concerns we propose the process is an unreliable processing technique for 2D electronics.
关键词： MoSe2,2D materials,Phase engineering,Nanomaterials
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Excellent thermal-stability and low dielectric loss of BaTiO3-Bi(Sr2/3Nb1/3)O3 solid solution ceramics in a broad temperature range applied in X8R
摘要： (1?x)BaTiO3-xBi(Sr2/3Nb1/3)O3 [(1?x)BT-xBSN, 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.1] ceramics were synthesized by a traditional solid state reaction technique. The transition from tetragonal phase to pseudo cubic phase at 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.04 was observed in Raman spectra and X-ray di?raction patterns. As the BSN contents increased, the grain size increased. With adding Bi(Sr2/3Nb1/3)O3, the thermal stability of permittivity and dielectric loss of ceramics got a good optimization. Especially, 0.9BT-0.1BSN ceramics have small Δε/ε25°C values (≤ ± 15%) in a wide temperature range of ?75 °C to 153 °C, high relative permittivity (～1505 to 1700) and low dielectric loss (tan δ ≤ 0.02) from ?88 °C to 200 °C, showing that BT-BSN ceramics are suitable for using in MLCCs of X8R. Impedance spectroscopy was analyzed the conduction and relaxation processes. The results showed that the relaxation and the conduction process in the high temperature region are thermally activated, and the oxygen vacancies are charge carriers.
关键词： Thermal stability,Dielectric properties,Impedance,Phase evolution
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fascinating Physical Properties of 2D Hybrid Perovskite [(NH3)(CH2)7(NH3)]CuClxBr4?x, x?=?0, 2 and 4
摘要： The 2-D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites of the formula [(NH3)(CH2)7(NH3)]CuClxBr4?x, x = 0, 2 and 4 were prepared by slow evaporation from ethanolic solution in stoichiometric ratio 1:1 (organic/inorganic). Microchemical analysis and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to confirm the formation of the presently investigated hybrids. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated order–disorder transitions at T1 = 357 K, T2 = 388 K, and T3 = 398 K for x = 0, 2 and 4 of the three heptane diammonium Cu hybrid perovskites, respectively. These transitions are in good agreement with the electrical permittivity results at different frequencies and temperatures. Optical properties and estimated band gap energy reveal that the band gap energy decreases sharply with replacement of Cl ion by Br ion where the band gap energy of [(NH3)(CH2)7(NH3)]CuBr4, x = 0 (denoted 2C7CuBr) is 1.6 eV (brown color) and for [(NH3)(CH2)7(NH3)]CuCl4, x = 4 (denoted 2C7CuCl) is 2.6 eV (yellow color). The differential magnetic susceptibility of 2C7CuBr in the temperature range 80–300 K indicates the effective magnetic moment μeff = 2.05 BM.
关键词： 2D hybrid perovskite,optical properties of halide perovskite,phase transition,magnetic properties of Cu perovskite
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Improved analytical model of phase-locking dynamics in unlocked-driven optoelectronic oscillators under RF injection locking
摘要： In this paper, we propose an improved closed form large injection perturbation analytical model for accurately studying the phase-locking dynamics and frequency pulling phenomenon in optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) for radio frequency (RF) signal injection. We provide formulas for the lock-range, and the beat frequency, which are general and accurate in estimating the degree of phase perturbation in unlocked-driven OEO under weak as well as strong injection signal level. We also give closed form expressions for the spectral components of the unlocked-driven oscillator. It is shown that our model is capable of predicting the phase-locking and estimating the frequency pulling of RF driven OEO under weak and strong injection signal level. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by the simulations.
关键词： Beat frequency,Injection locking,Phase-locking dynamics,Lock-range and spectral components
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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PAPR reduction in all-optical OFDM based on time interleaving odd and even subcarriers
摘要： In this paper, a new all-optical approach for reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AO-OFDM) system based on time interleaving odd and even subcarriers (TIOES) is proposed and analytically modeled. In this approach, all subcarriers are initially modulated with higher modulation format such as m-array quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) and encoded by return-to-zero (RZ) coder. Then, odd and even subcarriers are temporally interleaved. An analytical model for estimating the impact of the interleaved time on PAPR reduction and induced nonlinear phase noise (NPN) is developed. The effect of reducing PAPR on performance of AO-OFDM system is also numerically investigated using VPItransmissionMaker? commercial software. This system utilizes an optical coupler-based inverse fast Fourier transform/fast Fourier transform. The results reveal that minimum PAPR is occurred when interleaved time between odd and even subcarriers equal to half symbol duration where the PAPR has been reduced by 3 dB. In addition, by employing proposed technique, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is improved by about 2.5 dB at transmission distance of 800 km as compared with 4QAM AO-OFDM without PAPR technique.
关键词： PAPR reduction,mQAM modulation,Nonlinear phase noise,Fiber nonlinearity,AO-OFDM systems
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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low-coherent optical diffraction tomography by angle-scanning illumination
摘要： Temporally low-coherent optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is proposed and demonstrated based on angle-scanning Mach–Zehnder interferometry. Using a digital micromirror device based on diffractive tilting, the full-field interference of incoherent light is successfully maintained during every angle scanning sequences. Further, current ODT reconstruction principles for temporally incoherent illuminations are thoroughly reviewed and developed. Several limitations of incoherent illumination are also discussed, such as the nondispersive assumption, optical sectioning capacity, and illumination angle limitation. Using the proposed setup and reconstruction algorithms, low-coherent ODT imaging of plastic microspheres, human red blood cells, and rat pheochromocytoma cells is experimentally demonstrated.
关键词： quantitative phase imaging,low-coherent,optical diffraction tomography,coherent noise
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Investigation of inner ear anatomy in mouse using X-ray phase contrast tomography
摘要： A thorough understanding of inner ear anatomy is important for investigators. However, investigation of the mouse inner ear is difficult due to the limitations of imaging techniques. X-ray phase contrast tomography increases contrast 100–1,000 times compared with conventional X-ray imaging. This study aimed to investigate inner ear anatomy in a fresh post-mortem mouse using X-ray phase contrast tomography and to provide a comprehensive atlas of microstructures with less tissue deformation. All experiments were performed in accordance with our institution's guidelines on the care and use of laboratory animals. A fresh mouse cadaver was scanned immediately after sacrifice using an inline phase contrast tomography system. Slice images were reconstructed using a filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm. Standardized axial and coronal planes were adjusted with a multi-planar reconstruction method. Some three-dimensional (3D) objects were reconstructed by surface rendering. The characteristic features of microstructures, including otoconia masses of the saccular and utricular maculae, superior and inferior macula cribrosae, single canal, modiolus, and osseous spiral lamina, were described in detail. Spatial positions and relationships of the vestibular structures were exhibited in 3D views. This study investigated mouse inner ear anatomy and provided a standardized presentation of microstructures. In particular, otoconia masses were visualized in their natural status without contrast for the first time. The comprehensive anatomy atlas presented in this study provides an excellent reference for morphology studies of the inner ear.
关键词： saccular macula,phase contrast imaging,inner ear,utricular macula,otoconia
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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In Situ Measurement of Phase Boundary Kinetics during Initial Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon through Picosecond Ultrasonics
摘要： Studying the kinetics of phase transformation and phase boundary propagation during initial lithiation of silicon electrodes in lithium ion batteries is relevant to understanding their performance. Such studies are usually challenging due to the difficulties in measuring the phase boundary velocity in the interior of the sample. Here we introduce a non-invasive, in situ method to measure the progression of the phase boundary in a planar specimen geometry while maintaining well-controlled lithium flux and potential. We developed an apparatus integrating an electrochemical cell with picosecond ultrasonics to probe the propagating phase boundary in real time. Phase propagation during initial lithiation of crystalline silicon, which is an example of a high capacity anode, is investigated. The primary objective of this manuscript is to report on the experimental technique development and some preliminary results. For lithiation normal to the (100) plane, we observe the phase boundary velocity to be approximately 12 pm/s and x to be 3.73 in LixSi under galvanostatic lithiation with a current density of 40 μA/cm2. The growth rate of the lithiated phase and the reaction rate coefficient are examined using a Deal-Grove type model.
关键词： Lithium ion battery,In situ,Phase boundary propagation,Crystalline silicon,Picosecond ultrasonics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52