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RNA-Seq analysis revealed the molecular mechanisms of photobiomodulation effect on human fibroblasts
摘要： Background The Photobiomodulation (PBM) effect has been applied to various clinical therapy for a long time. However, the mechanism related to the PBM effect in terms of wavelengths has been lack of in-depth study, except that ultraviolet radiation has attracted much attention due to its strong cell killing effect. Purpose To clarify the principle behind PBM and the main mechanism of improvement. Methods To carry on this study, we created light equipment using three LED chips, which emit 390 nm ultraviolet radiation, 415 nm blue light and 660 nm red light, respectively. We choose human fibroblasts (HF) to be irradiated by three different wavelengths for PBM test. In this study, we used cell counting kit (CCK-8) test to show the cell proliferation roughly and reported on a systematic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis at transcriptional expression levels from HF, which accepted PBM of different wavelengths of light. Results We found that 415 nm blue light inhibited cell proliferation and 660 nm red light stimulated cell proliferation while 390 nm ultraviolet radiation has little influence on cell proliferation. Furthermore, RNA-seq results showed that CSF1R, PPP3CC, ITGAL, ITGAM, IL2RB and several other differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in the cell proliferation. Relative DEGs values for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) gene family has shown a great difference in blue and red light radiation especially on MMP25, MMP9, MMP21 and MMP13. Conclusion Taken together, the results provide a valuable resource to describe the variation of HFs under PBM of different light at gene level.
关键词： MMPs,RNA-Seq,Human fibroblasts(HF),Photobiomodulation (PBM),LED
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Management of otitis externa with an led-illuminated gel: a randomized controlled clinical trial in dogs
摘要： Background: Canine otitis externa is a painful condition which can be challenging to treat due to difficulties in the administration of otic medication. This can be due to lack of owner compliance in the application of ear drops or due to the resentment that some dogs demonstrate when attempts are made to administer topical medication into a sensitive ear canal. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a topical LED-illuminated gel (LIG) in canine otitis externa in comparison to standard of care therapy. Dogs with spontaneous otitis externa were randomly allocated in three groups: groups QW received LIG once weekly; BW received LIG twice weekly; group C received enrofloxacin and silver sulfadiazine twice daily. LIG consists of a topical application of a gel containing chromophores that, when illuminated by a LED lamp, re-emit fluorescent light which can stimulate physiological responses, promoting healing and controlling bacteria. The evaluation protocol (T0 to T5) considered clinical assessment (OTIS-3-index-scoring-system; pruritus-severity-scale; pain-severity-score; aural temperature), cytological scoring system, quali-quantitative bacteriologic assessment. Results: All groups (QW, n = 21; BW, n = 23; C, n = 20) showed improvement during the study (QW: P < 0.02 for cytological and pain scores, P < 0.003 for bacteriologic assessment, P < 10? 4 for pruritus, total OTIS-3 and temperature assessments; BW: P < 10? 4 for all clinical, cytological and bacteriologic assessments; C: P < 0.02 for all clinical and cytological assessments, P < 10? 4 for bacteriologic assessment). The highest clinical score reduction occurred in Group BW (P < 0.014 in T3; P < 0.001 in T4 and P < 10? 4 in T5). BW reached the clinically relevant effect level at T3 (? 3.26 ± 1.21 levels), QW reached it at T4 (? 3.24 ± 0.99), C did not reach it. No differences between groups were seen in the reduction of CFU/mL (T0-T5). Conclusions: All treatment groups showed a positive clinical effect. LIG administered twice-a-week was the most favourable protocol of the study. LIG may be considered beneficial in the management of canine otitis externa; it seems to be effective in controlling the clinical condition, including the signs of inflammation and local pain, the bacterial growth, and it may help increasing treatment compliance.
关键词： Fluorescence biomodulation,Photobiomodulation,Biophotonics,Inflammation,Dog,Phototherapy,Topical administration,Light,Otitis externa,Otitis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Complete and Fast Recovery from Idiopathic Facial Paralysis Using Laser-Photobiomodulation
摘要： Idiopathic facial paralysis, also known as Bell’s palsy, exerts a negative effect on the quality of life. Although the prognosis is good in the majority of cases, a significant percentage of affected individuals may have sequelae that can negatively affect their lives. The use of therapeutic measures as early as possible can improve the prognosis. This article describes the successful use of laser-photobiomodulation as a single therapy in a patient with Bell’s palsy and confirms the possibility of using this therapeutic modality as a good choice, since it is a therapy that is painless, comfortable, and without systemic side effects. The findings demonstrate that the adequate use of laser-photobiomodulation can be an effective therapeutic option for patients with Bell’s palsy, regardless of the age, shortening the recovery time obtained with conventional therapies and avoiding sequelae. Further studies are needed for the establishment of adequate protocols.
关键词： recovery time,therapeutic measures,Bell’s palsy,idiopathic facial paralysis,laser-photobiomodulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of Modified Laser Transcutaneous Irradiation on Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy
摘要： Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major complications developed by individuals with diabetes mellitus. DN is responsible for a high morbidity and mortality rate and impacts the public health and medical assistance resources. Intradermic laser irradiation on blood (ILIB) consists of the application of light beams on the radial arterial, providing anti-inflammatory and vasodilator effects, antiarrhythmic action, reduction of glucose, and stabilization of the hormonal and immunological systems. These effects help to maintain the physiological dynamics of the body. Objective: The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of ILIB to relieve pain and improve the quality of life in DN patients. The sample comprised 30 diabetic volunteers with DN, randomly distributed into 3 groups: Control—conventional treatment; ILIB—100 mW, 660 – 10 nm, 30 applications in total, divided into 3 stages of 10 applications, 30 min each, daily, with a 20-day interval between each stage; SILIB—same protocol described for ILIB, with the equipment switched off. Before and after the application of the therapeutic protocols, all volunteers were evaluated by the following instruments: Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), visual analog scale, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), and PAIN DETECT scale. Collected data were statistically analyzed with a 95% confidence interval, p < 0.05. Results: The ILIB group presented significantly lower pain levels and a better quality of life compared with the control and SILIB groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that ILIB therapy was effective in reducing pain and improving quality of life in patients with DN.
关键词： photobiomodulation,diabetes mellitus,diabetic neuropathies,pain
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Brain Photobiomodulation—Preliminary Results from Regional Cerebral Oximetry and Thermal Imaging
摘要： A new piece of equipment for LED (light emitting diode) brain photobiomodulation is introduced. Preliminary results from regional cerebral oxygen saturation and from thermography are shown before, during and after stimulation. The procedure offers a new way to quantify the biological effects of a possible innovative therapeutic method. However further measurements are absolutely necessary.
关键词： stroke,brain,LED (light emitting diode) stimulation,photobiomodulation,regional cerebral oxygen saturation,LED helmet,mental diseases,light therapy,wavelength,dementia,thermal imaging
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Mechanisms of repigmentation induced by photobiomodulation therapy in vitiligo
摘要： Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is based on the exposure of biological tissues to low- level laser light (coherent light) or light- emitting diodes (LEDs; noncoherent light), leading to the modulation of cellular functions, such as proliferation and migration, which result in tissue regeneration. PBM therapy has important clinical applications in regenerative medicine. Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary disorder resulting from disappearance of functional melanocytes in the involved skin. Vitiligo repigmentation depends on available melanocytes derived from (a) melanocyte stem cells located in the bulge area of hair follicles and (b) the epidermis at the lesional borders, which contains a pool of functional melanocytes. Since follicular melanoblasts (MBs) are derived from the melanocyte stem cells residing at the bulge area of hair follicle, the process of vitiligo repigmentation presents a research model for studying the regenerative effect of PBM therapy. Previous reports have shown favourable response for treatment of vitiligo with a low- energy helium- neon (He- Ne) laser. This review focuses on the molecular events that took place during the repigmentation process of vitiligo triggered by He- Ne laser (632.8 nm, red light). Monochromatic radiation in the visible and infrared A (IRA) range sustains matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), improves mitochondrial function, and increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and O2 consumption, which lead to cellular regenerative pathways. Cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria was reported to be the photoacceptor upon which He- Ne laser exerts its effects. Mitochondrial retrograde signalling is responsible for the cellular events by red light. This review shows that He- Ne laser initiated mitochondrial retrograde signalling via a Ca2+- dependent cascade. The impact on cytochrome c oxidase within the mitochondria, an event that results in activation of CREB (cyclic- AMP response element binding protein)- related cascade, is responsible for the He- Ne laser promoting functional development at different stages of MBs and boosting functional melanocytes. He- Ne laser irradiation induced (a) melanocyte stem cell differentiation; (b) immature outer root sheath MB migration; (c) differentiated outer root sheath MB melanogenesis and migration; and (d) perilesional melanocyte migration and proliferation. These photobiomodulation effects result in perifollocular and marginal repigmentation in vitiligo.
关键词： mechanism,photobiomodulation therapy,melanocyte precursors,vitiligo,repigmentation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Therapeutic Ultrasound and Photobiomodulation Applied on the Palm of Hands: A New Treatment for Fibromyalgia?A Man Case Study
摘要： Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder put in the spotlight in the last decades. Known since the 1920s, the disease is described by multiple painful points, of heightened sensitivity to touch that prevails in women, and afflict 3% to 10% of worldwide population. Fibromyalgia affects skeletal muscles and soft tissues. However, although there is no joint pain. Pharmacological treatment consists in analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs to ease the pain. In addition, antidepressants, anxiolytics and anticonvulsants can be prescribed to control pain crises. Non-pharmacological approaches as therapeutic ultrasound and photobiomodulation are an alternative for pain relief. Recently, the synergic action of therapeutic ultrasound and photobiomodulation has emerged as an alternative to treat fibromyalgia in women when applied at the palm of hands. The success of the treatment is attributed to stimulation of neuroreceptors close to blood vessels located at the palm of hands and found to be in higher incidence in fibromyalgic patients when compared to healthy patients. This study aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of therapeutic ultrasound and photobiomodulation applied to the palm of hands of a fibromyalgic man patient. Evaluation was based on Quality Life Questionnaire (SF-36) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results show the treatment could improve the patient’s quality of life (SF-36) and reduce pain (VAS), indicating a new therapeutic approach to treat chronic disorders like fibromyalgia, reducing pain and increasing quality of life of fibromyalgic patients.
关键词： Therapeutic ultrasound,Palm of hands,Photobiomodulation,Fibromyalgia,Ultra-laser
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Differential Responses of Myoblasts and Myotubes to Photobiomodulation are associated with Mitochondrial Number
摘要： Objective: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the application of light to promote tissue healing. Current indications suggest PBM induces its beneficial effects in vivo through upregulation of mitochondrial activity. However, how mitochondrial content influences such PBM responses has yet to be evaluated. Hence, the current study assessed the biological response of cells to PBM with varying mitochondrial contents. Methods: DNA was isolated from myoblasts and myotubes (differentiated myoblasts) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was amplified and quantified using a microplate assay. Cells were seeded in 96-wellplates, incubated overnight and subsequently irradiated using a LED array (400nm, 450nm, 525nm, 660nm, 740nm, 810nm,830nm and white light, 24mW/cm2, 30-240s, 0.72-5.76J/cm2). The effects of PBM on markers of mitochondrial activity including reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) and real-time mitochondrial respiration (Seahorse XFe96) assays were assessed 8 h post-irradiation. Datasets were analysed using general linear model followed by one-way ANOVA (and post hoc-Tukey tests); p=0.05). Results: Myotubes exhibited mtDNA levels 86% greater than myoblasts (p<0.001). Irradiation of myotubes at 400nm, 450nm or 810nm induced 53%, 29% and 47% increases (relative to non-irradiated-control) in maximal respiratory rates respectively (p<0.001). Conversely, irradiation of myoblasts at 400nm or 450nm had no significant effect on maximal respiratory rates. Conclusion: This study suggests that mitochondrial content may influence cellular responses to PBM and as such explain the variability of PBM responses seen in the literature.
关键词： mitochondria,Low level light therapy,LLLT,Photobiomodulation,Myogenesis
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Dopaminergic induction of human dental pulp stem cells by photobiomodulation: comparison of 660nm laser light and polychromatic light in the nir
摘要： Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are able to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons and help the maintenance of partially degenerated neurons, which makes them as an alternative cell source for treatment of Parkinsons' disease (PD) patients. Here, the effect of photobiomodulation with polychromatic light source in the near infrared (NIR) range (600–1200 nm) or low level 660 nm diode laser light on hDPSCs during dopaminergic induction was investigated. Real time RT-qPCR analysis indicated that expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line derived neurotropic factor (GNDF), matrix associated protein 2 (MAP2), nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1) and dopamine transporter (DAT) were increased, especially in the first 7 days of dopaminergic induction when 660 nm laser light was applied with a total energy density of 1.6 J/cm2. The activity of polychromatic light on hDPSCs depended on the differentiation media and protein type. BDNF, GDNF, NURR-1 and MAP2 expressions were increased in the presence of pre-induction factors, and decreased when the post-induction factors were added into the culture medium. In contrast with all these promising results, the dopaminergically induced hDPSCs did not show any functional characteristics of dopaminergic neurons and died after they were transferred to a new laminin coated culture plates. In conclusion, the expression of dopaminergic neuron protective protein mRNAs in hDPSCs was increased by photobiomodulation in defined conditions. However, the cells were not able to differentiate into functional dopaminergic neurons either in control or in photobiomodulated groups that are prone to cell death and exhibit immature dopaminergic neuron characteristics.
关键词： Dopaminergic neuron,Photobiomodulation,Parkinson's disease,Polychromatic light,Human dental pulp stem cells,Laser
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Low-level laser therapy prevents muscle apoptosis induced by a high-intensity resistance exercise in a dose-dependent manner
摘要： Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of cell death that is characterized by definite morphological, biochemical, and molecular events. Data indicate that acute exercise affects apoptotic signals in skeletal muscle and that the apoptotic response is strongly connected to strenuous exercise. This idea is supported by clinical and experimental studies showing that apoptosis occurs after the variety of exercise types as evidenced in running, swimming, and resistance exercise (RE). Although apoptosis induced by exercise may be a normal process used to remove partially damaged cells, it is possible that excessive exercise (e.g., high effort load) causes extensive cell death. Therefore, therapeutic interventions could be tested to attenuate this process in skeletal muscle. In this regard, photobiomodulation (PBM) may be suggested as a useful tool to counteract undesirable effects of exercise. This is based, for example, on studies showing that the application of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) before RE can delay fatigue and attenuate muscle necrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Further evidence in favor of the PBM comes from an important study by Sussai et al., in which the application of LLLT immediately after swimming to exhaustion attenuated the number of apoptotic muscle cells. To our knowledge, only the study by Sussai et al. has examined the repercussion of LLLT on aerobic exercise–induced apoptosis and there is no information on whether a similar response could be obtained upon RE. Moreover, it is unclear how different doses of LLLT affect exercise-induced apoptosis. With this perspective in mind, we investigated whether LLLT, performed with three differences pre-exercise doses, would affect RE-induced muscle apoptosis in rats.
关键词： Resistance exercise,Dose-dependent,Photobiomodulation,Low-level laser therapy,Muscle apoptosis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59