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Enhanced degradation efficiency of mixed industrial effluent by modified nanocomposite photocatalyst under UVLED irradiation
摘要： The aim of this study is to investigate the enhancement of photocatalytic degradation capacity of mixed industrial effluent using a modified activated charcoal/TiO2 nanocomposite catalyst. These nanocomposite catalysts are synthesized by the sol–gel method. The synthesized nanocomposite materials were characterized to confirmed material morphology and size by DLS, FTIR, crystallographic phase analysis (XRD), SEM, UV–Vis spectra, TGA and BET. This modified AC/TiO2 nanocatalyst removal efficiency is evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of mixed industrial effluent under UVLED light irradiation in different time intervals. The results demonstrate that the COD and BOD show 97% and 94% removal, respectively, at 90 min after that the degradation value becomes constant. Photocatalytic degradation of industrial effluent using AC/TiO2 followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, and reaction rate constant was 1.04 × 10?2. Therefore, the performed experiment concludes that removal efficiency enhances to increase reaction time under UVLED irradiation.
关键词： UVLED irradiation,Photocatalytic degradation,Activated charcoal/TiO2 nanocomposite,Mixed industrial effluent
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Self-assembled BiOCl/Ti3C2T composites with efficient photo-induced charge separation activity for photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol
摘要： Cocatalysts play an important role in increasing the photogenerated electron-hole separation rate of catalytic materials. Here, we selected a novel 2D material Ti3C2Tx (Tx = –OH, –O) as a cocatalyst and synthesized BiOCl/Ti3C2Tx (named as BT-n n = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0) composite materials by electrostatic self-assembly. We carefully characterized the structure, morphology and photoelectric performance of the composites, finding that we successfully synthesized 2D/2D BiOCl/Ti3C2Tx materials. The photocatalytic performance of the composites was evaluated by degradation of p-nitrophenol as a pollutant under simulated illumination. Among the composites obtained, BT-2.0 showed the best photocatalytic performance; specifically, its removal rate reached 97.86% and its degradation rate was about 3.3 times that of BT-0. Free radicals in the photocatalytic process were tested by electron paramagnetic resonance, which showed that superoxide radicals and holes are the most active free radicals in the system due to the higher photogenerated electron separation efficiency of BT-2.0. Therefore, constructing a heterojunction with Ti3C2Tx as a cocatalyst can improve the photocatalytic activity of BiOCl, which may provide new insights into the selection of novel co-catalytic materials in the field of photocatalysis.
关键词： p-nitrophenol,photocatalytic degradation,MXene,superoxide radicals,BiOCl
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Explosive thermal exfoliation of intercalated graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic degradation properties
摘要： Dicyandiamide derived graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was chemically intercalated by concentrated H2SO4 firstly, followed by a rapid heating treatment. Molecules between the stacking layers of g-C3N4 produced an explosive effect upon rapid heating to thermally exfoliate g-C3N4 into porous structures. The appearance color of g-C3N4 changed from light yellow to grey after heating treatment indicating the enhanced light absorption properties, which were identified by the UV-vis absorption test. In addition, photoluminescence intensities of porous g-C3N4 were obviously suppressed compared to those of bulk g-C3N4 samples, indicating the prevention of the recombination process of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. As a result of these simultaneous modifications in texture, optical and electronic properties, the photodegradation kinetics of crystal violet on the catalyst surface can be improved by 4.75 times.
关键词： heating treatment,g-C3N4,photocatalytic degradation,exfoliation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Designed synthesis of microstructure and defect-controlled Cu-doped ZnO-Ag nanoparticles: exploring high-efficiency sunlight-driven photocatalysts
摘要： Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles composited with Ag were synthesized by one-step sol-gel method in this work, aiming at highly photocatalytic activity and possible application under sunlight (especially near ultraviolet and visible light regions, 300-760 nm) irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the introduction of Cu inhibits particle aggregation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal that Zn(Cu)O-Ag nanoparticles (CZA NPs) are composed of metallic Ag (Ag0) and Zn(Cu)O nanocrystals; while at the Cu concentration of higher than 2%, a little CuO nanocrystals appear. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results evidenced the well-defined formation of Zn(Cu)O-Ag and/or CuO-ZnO-Ag heterojunctions. UV–vis spectra display that the visible absorption of the samples is obviously enhanced after the Cu introduction. At a low Cu doping level (0.2%) and moderate Cu concentration (3~5%), the blue and green photoluminescence (PL) emission strength of the samples become very weak in comparison to other samples, indicative of the high separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Reasonably, the higher photocatalytic degradation (complete degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) within 40 minutes under the simulated sunlight irradiation) are achieved in these cases: low Cu doping level (0.2%) and moderate Cu concentration (3~5%) in CZA NPs. Further, we checked the effects of other factors on the photocatalytic degradation for possible application. Our results suggest that one well-designed composite type such as element-doped Zn(M)O-Ag nano-heterojunction or complicated metal oxide-ZnO-Ag nanocomposites possessing suitable band structures for the separation and utilization of photo-generated carriers, will remarkably improve the photocatalytic performance of nano-ZnO under sunlight irradiation.
关键词： ZnO-Ag nanocomposites,heterojunction,sunlight irradiation,Cu-doped ZnO,photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fabrication of raspberry-shaped reduced graphene oxide labelled Fe/CeO2 ternary heterojunction with an enhanced photocatalytic performance
摘要： Herein, we report a raspberry-shaped reduced graphene oxide labelled Fe-CeO2 ternary photocatalyst synthesized via simple hydrothermal method. In order to evaluate structural, morphological, elemental composition and optical properties, resultant photocatalysts were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), photoluminescence (PL) and UV–visible spectroscopy respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency of as-prepared ternary catalyst was investigated by the degradation of congo red dye (CR) in aqueous medium under UV light. The ternary Fe-CeO2/RGO nanocomposite show outstanding photocatalytic degradation performance. The co-ordination and synergistic effect between reduced graphene oxide sheets and redox system of the cerium (Ce4+/ Ce3+) along with iron (Fe3+/ Fe2+) are accountable for the excellent photocatalytic performance of Fe-CeO2/RGO nanocomposite. The reduced graphene oxide sheets and redox systems acts as a trapping sites for photogenerated electrons and thereby significantly reduced the recombination of charge carriers. Moreover, a good reusability and stability suggest that ternary material has a great ability in removal of organic pollutants. Further, this report may offer a new strategy to fabricate and design a material for energy and environmental remediation.
关键词： Raspberry-shaped Fe-CeO2/RGO nanocomposite,Congo red,Photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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WO3 quantum dots enhanced the photocatalytic performances of graphene oxide/TiO2 films under flowing dye solution
摘要： It is maximal difficult for the application of powdery nanocatalyst in sewage treatment to retrieve powder catalyst from the reaction solution. In this paper, after synthesized graphene oxide/WO3 quantum dots/TiO2 (GOWT) composite with high catalytic performance under visible light, GOWT composite powder was used to fabricate GOWT films by using Al(H2PO4)3 as adhesive and cheap gauze as substrates, and studied the effect of Rhodamine B (RhB) concentration on the removal ability of GOWT film by evaluating flowing liquid of RhB. Experimental results show that GOWT films possess higher photocatalytic efficiency in contrast to graphene oxide/TiO2 (GOT) films under sunlight, and the degradation rate of RhB is 2.6 times as GOT films under UV light. Furthermore, GOWT film possess higher removal ability than GOT film under high concentration, but completely degrade RhB under flowing solution of low concentration, which is ascribed to the unique structure and superior performance of WO3 quantum dots. Besides, GOWT films have the potential application in sewage treatment without further contamination.
关键词： Thin films,Graphene oxide/TiO2,WO3 quantum dots,Photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Formation of carbon quantum dots and graphene nanosheets from different abundant carbonaceous materials
摘要： Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene nanosheets (GNs) are one of the most attractive fluorescent carbon nano-sized materials with unique features of optical and physico-chemical properties having various applications in chemical sensing, biomedicine, semiconductor devices, photo-catalyzing, and electrocatalysis. The primary purpose of this preliminary work is the feasibility study for synthesis of nano-structured value-added carbon products i.e., CQDs and GNs from cheap and abundant carbon sources, such as coal, petroleum coke, graphite, and coal-based humic acid by hydrothermal techniques. The physico-chemical properties of the raw precursors were evaluated by proximate and ultimate analysis. High resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), UV-visible (UV-vis), and fluorescence (FL) spectrophotometer were used to achieve physico-chemical parameters of carbon nanostructures, to better comprehend the development of carbon quantum dots and graphene nanosheets. HR-TEM analysis indicates that the dimensions of the synthesized CQDs from different carbon sources exist in the range of 3-6.5 nm. The approximate quantum yields (QY) of the synthesized carbon nanomaterials were found to be about 2-22%. The synthesised carbon based nanomaterials (i.e. CQDs and GNs) have been efficiently used in the photo-degradation of harmful 2-nitrophenols (2-NP) with the efficiency of 80.79% for CQDs and 82.53% for GNs, respectively. The present study provides a simple and environmentally-sound technique for large-scale fabrication of typical CQDs and GNs from abundantly available low-grade coal and other carbonaceous materials for photo-catalysis application.
关键词： Carbon Dots,Photocatalytic degradation,Carbonaceous materials,Graphene nanosheet,Hydrothermal treatment,Fluorescent materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Facile synthesis of Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2 nanostructures by novel and environment-friendly approach for the photodegradation and removal of organic pollutants in water
摘要： A simple and clean synthesis for Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2 nanocomposites as high-efficiency visible-light responsive photocatalyst is described applying extract of pineapple, for the first time. As novel and non-toxic biofuel, extract of pineapple, is employed to fabricate Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2 nanocomposites through an environment-friendly procedure. The findings denote that the applied biofuel can play a meaningful role as capping agent during preparation of Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2 nanocomposites. Depending on the applied dosage of pineapple extract as well as time for fabrication, the grain size, photocatalytic yield and morphology of Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2 structures changed. A suite of identification methods like XRD, TEM, EDS, DRS, BET and FESEM are utilized for investigation of the produced Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2 nanocomposites. Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2 structures are utilized as visible-light responsive photocatalyst to degrade the rhodamine B and eosin Y contaminants. The produced Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2 nanocomposites have been found to be very effective as visible-light responsive photocatalyst to degrade contaminants which may bring to environmental pollution.
关键词： Photocatalytic degradation,Nd2Sn2O7-SnO2,Nanostructures,Green synthesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Optimization of rDNA degradation in recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine production plant wastewater using visible light excited Ag-doped TiO2 nanophotocatalyst
摘要： As widespread distribution of recombinant DNA of genetically modified microorganisms is a threat to the environment, the aim of this research is to investigate the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of recombinant DNA under visible light. Using response surface methodology, a comprehensive evaluation of Ag doped-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of recombinant DNA in Hepatitis B surface antigen production plant wastewater was performed. Photocatalytic synthesis parameters including dopant content, calcination temperature, and heating rate were investigated to model and optimize the recombinant DNA degradation efficiency. The Ag doped-TiO2 nanoparticles synthesis validation was accomplished by XRD, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, FESEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A quadratic polynomial equation, developed by response surface methodology, with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.969 ensured the good fitness of the predicted data with the experimental results. The sensitivity analysis of model indicates that the square of silver content and calcination temperature have the greatest effect on the response, while the heating rate is the least important parameter. Furthermore, the optimum conditions of Ag content of 2.1%, calcination temperature of 485 ?C, and heating rate of 8 ?C/min resulted in 80.7% rDNA degradation experimentally.
关键词： photocatalytic degradation,genetically modified microorganisms,Ag-doped TiO2,Pichia Pastoris,recombinant DNA,Real-time PCR
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Wettability, Photoactivity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Glazed Ceramic Tiles Coated with Titania Films Containing Tungsten
摘要： Self-cleaning coatings are advanced materials for the removal of pollutants and microorganisms by combining wettability, photocatalytic degradation, and antimicrobial activity. In this work, we propose a rational design of self-cleaning films based on TiO2 synthesized by sol?gel on commercial glazed ceramic tiles for building’s indoor applications. The synthesis strategy is based on hydrolysis and condensation of Ti-isopropoxide in the presence of W(VI) precursors to tune defects and crystallinity of the resulting W?TiO2 thin film. From the microstructure and surface composition analysis for different tungsten contents and annealing temperatures, we conclude that the film is composed by sintered TiO2 particles with adsorbed polytungstates (WOx) that inhibit anatase/rutile transformation. Polytungstates on TiO2 also induce surface defects that enhance water contact angle and inactivation of Escherichia coli under visible light. The presence of W(VI) has a negligible effect toward crystal violet degradation either under visible or under UV light. These results provide evidence on the existence of at least two different types of defects: (i) intrinsic defect from a sol?gel route and (ii) induced defect by tungsten species on the surface. Understanding the correlation between composition, structure, and self-cleaning properties provides a base for an efficient design of low-cost self-cleaning ceramic tiles that can be fully manufactured in an industrial plant.
关键词： photocatalytic degradation,sol?gel,W?TiO2,TiO2,antimicrobial activity,self-cleaning coatings
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57