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Hollow CuS nanocube as nanocarrier for synergetic chemo/photothermal/photodynamic therapy
摘要： Here, hollow CuS nanocubes about 250-300 nm in size were synthesized based on the Kirkendall effect by using CuO nanocubeas precursor and template. The reactant concentration and reaction time could be adopted to adjust the final composition and hollow structure. The as-synthetic CuS nanocube was assembled by a great deal of nanoparticles (15-20 nm), making abundant porous structure in the shell layer. The localized surface plasmon resonance and the novel porous hollow structure (improve light reflex) further make sure the enhanced Near-infrared (NIR) light absorption as well as photothermal conversion efficiency (30.3 %). Moreover, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was investigated in detail, revealing that the released Cu+ ion and the oxygen are the determined factors. To further improve the monodispersity and biocompatibility, PEG-NH2 modified nanostructure (CuS@PEG) was prepared and it possessed high loading efficiency to doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). Moreover, DOX-CuS@PEG reveals the acid and NIR sensitive-release performance. The synergistic effect of chemotherapy associated with photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) display the enhanced specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells.
关键词： Drug delivery,Hollow CuS,Photothermal therapy,Photodynamic therapy,NIR
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Polyacrylamide-Based Biocompatible Nanoplatform Enhances the Tumor Uptake, PET/fluorescence Imaging and Anticancer Activity of a Chlorophyll Analog
摘要： In this report we demonstrate the outstanding advantages of multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer-imaging and therapy. The non-toxic polyacrylamide (PAA) nanoparticles (size:18-25 nm) formulation drastically changed the pharmacokinetic profile of the 124I- labeled chlorophyll-a derivative (formulated in 10% ethanol in PBS) with a remarkable enhancement in tumor uptake, and significantly reduced uptake in spleen and liver. Among the various nanoformulations investigated, the 124I- labeled photosensitizer (dose: 0.6142 MBq), and the cyanine dye-nanoparticles (CD-NP) conjugate (dose 0.3 μmol/kg) in combination showed great potential for tumor imaging (PET/NIR fluorescence) in BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors. Compared to free non-labeled photosensitizer, the corresponding PAA nanoformulation under similar treatment parameters showed a remarkable enhancement in long-term tumor cure by PDT (photodynamic therapy) and provides an opportunity to develop a single nanoplatform for tumor-imaging (PET/fluorescence) and phototherapy, a practical “See and Treat” approach.
关键词： Positron Imaging Tomography,Nanoparticles,photodynamic therapy,Reactive Oxygen species
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Daylight-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis
摘要： Actinic (solar) keratoses are premalignant lesions caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, with the potential to progress into squamous cell carcinoma. Hence, use of appropriate therapies is critical for effective treatment. Daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate cream is a convenient new option for the safe and effective treatment of actinic (solar) keratosis lesions, offering similar efficacy to conventional photodynamic therapy, nearly painless treatment, and reduced in-clinic times. Use of appropriate therapies and optimization of clinical practice are critical for safe and effective treatment. Nurses play a key role in ensuring best clinical practice and effective treatment. This article explains the practicalities and principles of daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy to ensure best practice by treating nurses.
关键词： methyl aminolevulinate,Daylight-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy,Actinic (Solar) Keratosis,Clinical Practice Guidelines
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Calcipotriol-assisted vs. conventional MAL-PDT in actinic keratosis
摘要： Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common pre-malignant lesion (affected patch) of the skin that affects many people worldwide, especially fair skin type people. It is more common after the age of 40 and in sun-exposed areas of the body. It can progress into a type of skin cancer named squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). For this reason, an adequate treatment of each AK lesion is recommended. This study aimed to treat these lesions with photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a well-established option. Normally, topical PDT is a treatment that combines a drug (applied to the lesions) and illumination with light (blue or red). The final result is the massive killing of the cancer cells that will bring high cure rates to these patients. However, AKs on the scalp are sometimes hard to treat and the efficacy levels are lower when compared to facial lesions. Therefore, we aimed to find if the combination of PDT with a well-known drug named Calcipotriol would bring any benefit to the patients. So we compared: one half of the scalp with CAL and PDT and the other half with PDT alone. Patients were then followed (monitored) for 3 months. We found that the combination was safe and more effective for AK treatment, especially when the lesions were thicker. Side effects were more common, but well-tolerated by the patients. This is the first study of CAL and PDT for AKs.
关键词： scalp,Actinic keratosis,Calcipotriol,photodynamic therapy,treatment efficacy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Sequential treatment of daylight photodynamic therapy and imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma on sun exposed areas
摘要： Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) is a heterogeneous group including squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (Bivens, 2006). Topical imiquimod 5% cream (TIC) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been proposed to treat BCC (Micali, 2014). However, no data has been published about the combination of TIC with methyl aminolevulinate-daylight-PDT (MAL-DL-PDT). We evaluated MAL-DL-PDT efficacy alone and in sequential combination with TIM in superficial BCC (sBCC) on sun exposed areas. A total of 223 pathologically confirmed sBCC have been included in our study. We have followed them for 12 months. We considered only patients treated with MAL-DL-PDT or the combination with MAL-DL-PDT and TIC (93 and 130 respectively) (Tab.1). After 12 months, patients treated with MAL-DL-PDT in association with TIC showed a complete clearance rate with a mean response of 91.3% versus 83.4% in the MAL-DL-PDT group (p=0.01) (Fig.1a and b, and Tab.2). Female patients showed a significant better clinical response with MAL-DL-PDT associated with TIC (p<=0.01). We evaluated also the efficacy of MAL-DL-PDT combined with TIC versus MAL-DL-PDT alone in patients with multiple sBCC (2 or more lesions). In both group, no significant difference of incidence of multiple lesions was shown. In the first group, patients showed a response of 86.6%, while in MAL-DL-PDT group of 85.6%. Considering only the patients treated for one single lesion, the efficacy was 93.3% in MAL-DL-PDT with TIC group and 86.6% in MAL-DL-PDT group (p<=0.04). Finally, we evaluated the response according to the presence of erosion. Eroded sBCC patients showed 96.6% of response in MAL-DL-PDT with TIC group versus 91.7% in non-eroded sBCC; while in MAL-DL-PDT group, the response was 75% in non-eroded versus 72% in eroded BCC. Regarding local skin reactions, MAL-DL-PDT patients usually showed slight reactions, such as erythema and burning. Mild to severe local skin reactions were observed in MAL-DL-PDT with TIC, showing a worsening when the interval of 45 days between the two treatments was not observed. MAL-DL-PDT and TIC have a different pharmacological action and the therapeutic effects may depend on baseline characteristics of patients. Their combination may increase long term efficacy and reduce surgical removal, especially on sun exposed areas, with excellent cosmetic results, increasing patient’s compliance (Micali, 2014) (Cantisani, 2012). Recent studies have suggested an increased incidence of NMSC in women (Kang, 2017). This could be attributed to women’s increasing longer average life expectancy and the consequent increased exposure to UV rays. In our sample, no statistical significant gender prevalence was observed, but a significant better response in female patients in MAL-DL-PDT with TIC group was shown. This might be explained by the modified immune response induced by TIC (Rozeboom, 2015) (Rozeboom, 2016). Indeed, female estrogen stimulates the secretion of several cytokines, some of them are modulated after TIC application (Rozeboom, 2015). Our results highlight the additional efficacy of TIC to MAL-DL-PDT, but the combination of both treatment significantly increase long term effectiveness, especially on sun exposed areas. This suggests that TIC could be considered the first-choice treatment in most sBCC patients. However, in the subgroup of patients >60 years with multiple AKs and sBCC, the combination TIC with MAL-DL-PDT seemed to be more advisable, probably because of TIC application difficulties. Indeed, patients feel more comfortable when the physician applies the drug compared to self-administration (Roozeboom, 2015). MAL-DL-PDT alone might be less effective in larger sBCC because the light can scatter at the periphery of the lesion (Telfer, 2008). Therefore, peripheral tumor cells may be treated sub-optimally by MAL-DL-PDT (Telfer, 2008). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that MAL-DL-PDT alone and in combination with TIC were compared. The combined therapy reduced the number of MAL-DL-PDT treatments and increase significantly the long-term effectiveness especially on sun exposed areas.
关键词： Daylight,NMSC,Photodynamic therapy,Imiquimod
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Antimicrobial efficacy of methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on titanium alloy surfaces in vitro
摘要： Bacterial elimination using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been considered an alternative therapeutic modality in peri-implantitis treatment. The present in vitro study was to evaluate the dose-dependent and pH-dependent bactericidal effects of methylene blue (MB)-mediated aPDT on eliminating Gram-negative (P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans) and Gram-positive (S. mutans) bacteria on sandblasting, large-grit and acid-etching (SLA)-pretreated titanium alloy. The effects of different MB concentrations (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL), the pH of the MB (4, 7, and 10), and irradiation time (0, 30, and 60 sec) on the bacterial viability and residual lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were examined. The variations in the pH of the MB solution after aPDT for 60 sec on the uncontaminated and contaminated specimens were also detected. The experimental results indicated that MB-mediated PDT could effectively kill the majority of bacteria on the titanium alloy surfaces of biofilm-contaminated implants compared with the MB alone. Of note, aPDT exhibited better antibacterial efficacy with increase in the MB concentration and irradiation time. While treated in an acidic solution on the biofilm-contaminated specimens, aPDT caused the pH to increase. By contrast, the initially high alkaline pH decreased to a value of about pH 8.5 after aPDT. Intriguingly, the neutral pH had minor changes, independent of the MB concentration and bacterial species. As expected, aPDT with higher MB concentration at higher pH environment significantly lowered the LPS concentration of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. On the basis of the data, the aPDT with 200 μg/mL MB at pH 10 for 60 sec of irradiation time might be an effectively treatment to eliminate bacteria and LPS adherent to titanium surface, however, the use of the multispecies biofilm model and the evaluation of in vitro osteogenesis needed to be further evaluated.
关键词： Peri-implantitis,Antimicrobial activity,Lipopolysaccharide,Methylene blue,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Collagenase Encapsulated pH-Responsive Nanoscale Coordination Polymers for Tumor Microenvironment Modulation and Enhanced Photodynamic Nanomedicine
摘要： The abundant tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) could result in the insufficient tumor retention and ineffective intra-tumor penetration of therapeutic agents, as well as acidic & hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), further leading to the unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes for many types of therapies. Therefore, developing strategies to modulate the TME by selectively degrading the condensed ECM may be helpful to improve existing cancer therapies. Herein, collagenase (CLG) encapsulated nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) are synthesized based on Mn2+ and an acid-sensitive benzoic-imine organic linker (BI-linker), and then modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Upon intravenous (i.v.) injection, these CLG@NCP-PEG nanoparticles show efficient accumulation within the tumor, in which CLG would be released due to the collapse of NCP structures within the acidic TME. The released CLG enzyme could then specifically degrade collagens, the major component of ECM, leading to loosened ECM structure, enhanced tumor perfusion and relieved hypoxia. As the results, the second-wave of nanoparticles, chlorin e6 (Ce6)-loaded liposomes (Liposome@Ce6), would exhibit enhanced retention and penetration within the tumor. Such phenomena together with relieved tumor hypoxia could then lead to greatly enhanced photodynamic therapeutic effect of Liposome@Ce6 for mice pretreated with CLG@NCP-PEG. Our work thus presents a unique strategy for TME modulation using pH-responsive NCPs as smart enzyme carriers.
关键词： Nanoscale coordination polymers,Extracellular matrix,Collagenase,Photodynamic therapy,Tumor microenvironment
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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The Ability of Functionalized Fullerenes and Surface Modified TiO <sub/>2</sub> Nanoparticles to Photosensitize Peroxidation of Lipids in Selected Model Systems
摘要： Photochemical properties of a new class of inorganic nanoparticles, namely a cationic C60 fullerene substituted with three quaternary pyrrolidinium groups (BB6) and a surface modified nanocrystalline TiO2 with bromopyrogallol red (Brp@TiO2) were examined for their effectiveness in photogenerating singlet oxygen and free radicals. In particular, their ability to photosensitize peroxidation of unsaturated lipids was analyzed in POPC:cholesterol liposomes and B16 mouse melanoma cells employing a range of spectroscopic and analytical methods. Because melanoma cells typically are pigmented, we examined the effect of melanin on the photosensitized peroxidation of lipids in liposomes and B16 melanoma cells, mediated by BB6 and Brp@TiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained results suggest that peroxidation of unsaturated lipids, photosensitized by BB6 occurs mainly, although not exclusively, via Type II mechanism involving singlet oxygen. On the other hand, if surface modified TiO2 is used as a photosensitizer, Type I mechanism of lipid peroxidation dominates, as indicated by the predominant formation of the free-radical dependent cholesterol oxidation products. The protective effect of melanin was particularly evident when BB6 was used as a photosensitizer, suggesting that melanin could efficiently interfere with Type II processes.
关键词： Lipid peroxidation,Melanin,Fullerenes,Singlet oxygen,TiO2 nanoparticles,Free radicals,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Hydrogen Peroxide Enhances the Antibacterial Effect of Methylene Blue-based Photodynamic Therapy on Biofilm-forming Bacteria
摘要： Recently, increased attention has been focused on endoscopic disinfection after outbreaks of drug resistant infections associated with gastrointestinal endoscopy. The aims of this study were to investigate the bactericidal efficacy of methylene blue (MB)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), which is the major cause of drug resistant post-endoscopy outbreak, and to assess the synergistic effects of hydrogen peroxide addition to MB-based PDT on biofilms. In planktonic state of P. aeruginosa, the maximum decrease was 3 log10 and 5.5 log10 at 20 and 30 J / cm2, respectively, following MB-based PDT. However, the maximum reduction of colony forming unit (CFU) was decreased by 2.5 log10 and 3 log10 irradiation on biofilms. The biofilm formation was significantly inhibited upon irradiation with MB-based PDT. When the biofilm state of P. aeruginosa was treated with MB-based PDT with hydrogen peroxide, the CFU was significantly decreased by 6 log10 after 20 J / cm2, by 7 log10 after 30 J / cm2 irradiation, suggesting significantly higher efficacy than MB-based PDT alone. The implementation of the combination of hydrogen peroxide with MB-based PDT through working channels might be appropriate for preventing early colonization and biofilm formation in the endoscope and post-endoscopy outbreak.
关键词： methylene blue,endoscopic disinfection,hydrogen peroxide,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,photodynamic therapy,biofilm
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Interfacial uploading of luminescent hexamolybdenum cluster units onto amino-decorated silica nanoparticles as new design of nanomaterial for cellular imaging and photodynamic therapy
摘要： The present work introduces a facile synthetic route to embed phosphorescent K2[{Mo6I8}I6] and (nBu4N)2[{Mo6I8}(CH3COO)6] clusters (C) onto silica-water interface of amino-decorated silica nanoparticles (SNs, 60±6 nm). The assembled C-SNs gain in the luminescence intensity, which remains stable within three months after their assembly. High uptake capacity of the clusters (8700 of K2[{Mo6I8}I6] and 6500 of (nBu4N)2[{Mo6I8}(CH3COO)6] per the each nanoparticle) derives from ionic self-assembly and coordination bonds between the cluster complexes and ionic (amino- and siloxy-) groups at the silica surface. The coordination via amino- or siloxy-groups restricts aquation and hydrolysis of the embedded clusters, in comparison with the parent K2[{Mo6I8}I6] and (nBu4N)2[{Mo6I8}(CH3COO)6. High potential of the assembled nanoparticles in the ROS generation was revealed by EPR measurements facilitated by spin trapping. The high positive charge and convenient colloid stability of the assembled C-SNs hybrids are the prerequisite for their efficient cellular uptake, which is exemplified in the work by MCF-7 cell line. The measured dark and photoinduced cytotoxicity of the C-SNs hybrids reveals significant photodynamic therapy effect on the MCF-7 cancer cell line versus the normal cells. This effect is entirely due to the embedded clusters and is dependent on the chemical composition of the cluster.
关键词： hexamolybdenum cluster,adsorption,silica nanoparticles,cell internalization,photodynamic therapy,luminescence
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36