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Assessment of Different Sampling Methods for Measuring and Representing Macular Cone Density Using Flood-Illuminated Adaptive Optics
摘要： PURPOSE. To describe a standardized flood-illuminated adaptive optics (AO) imaging protocol suitable for the clinical setting and to assess sampling methods for measuring cone density. METHODS. Cone density was calculated following three measurement protocols: 50 × 50-μm sampling window values every 0.5° along the horizontal and vertical meridians (fixed-interval method), the mean density of expanding 0.5°-wide arcuate areas in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants (arcuate mean method), and the peak cone density of a 50 × 50-μm sampling window within expanding arcuate areas near the meridian (peak density method). Repeated imaging was performed in nine subjects to determine intersession repeatability of cone density. RESULTS. Cone density montages could be created for 67 of the 74 subjects. Image quality was determined to be adequate for automated cone counting for 35 (52%) of the 67 subjects. We found that cone density varied with different sampling methods and regions tested. In the nasal and temporal quadrants, peak density most closely resembled histological data, whereas the arcuate mean and fixed-interval methods tended to underestimate the density compared with histological data. However, in the inferior and superior quadrants, arcuate mean and fixed-interval methods most closely matched histological data, whereas the peak density method overestimated cone density compared with histological data. Intersession repeatability testing showed that repeatability was greatest when sampling by arcuate mean and lowest when sampling by fixed interval. CONCLUSIONS. We show that different methods of sampling can significantly affect cone density measurements. Therefore, care must be taken when interpreting cone density results, even in a normal population.
关键词： cone photoreceptor density,retina,adaptive optics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photoreceptor assessment in focal laser-treated central serous chorioretinopathy using adaptive optics and fundus autofluorescence
摘要： This study analyzed cone density, cone mosaic, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images in patients with focal laser-treated central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Observational case series. Forty-two eyes of 21 patients with unilateral treated CSC and bilateral best-corrected visual acuity of 1.0 (decimal fraction) were included. FAF and cone mosaic images were obtained in all patients with an adaptive optics fundus camera. Densities were recorded at 20 points throughout the macula, and choroidal thicknesses were measured. Mean choroidal thicknesses were 419.95 ± 110.33 mm in normal eyes, 459.09 ± 90.07 mm in eyes with active CSC, and 438.61 ± 107.57 mm in treated eyes. The highest density of cones in healthy eyes was 38146 cones/mm2, with a 5.66-mm intercellular space (IS), at 700 mm temporal to the center. In eyes with treated CSC, the highest density was 32749 cones/mm2, with a 6.13-mm IS, at 500 mm nasal to the center. In all quadrants, median values of maximum cone density were significantly higher in healthy eyes (P = .02, P = .003, P = .0001, and P = .001). Three types of lesions were identified on FAF and were correlated with those on cone mosaic images. Strong correlations were detected between the presence of hypoautofluorescent lesions on the first FAF image and a greater difference between maximum values of photoreceptor density (r2 = 0.46, P = .03), as well as between the presence of hypoautofluorescent lesions and the duration of pathology (r2 = 0.68, P < .001). The presence of hypoautofluorescent lesions and the duration of pathology were negative prognostic factors in CSC. Laser treatment could prevent photoreceptor loss.
关键词： photoreceptor density,cone mosaic,fundus autofluorescence,laser-treated central serous chorioretinopathy,adaptive optics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57