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Design Optimization of Photovoltaic Cell Stacking in a Triple-Well CMOS Process
摘要： Various self-powered devices employ energy-harvesting technology to capture and store an ambient energy. The photovoltaic (PV) cell is one of the most preferred approaches due to its potential for on-chip integration. Although serial connection of multiple PV cells is commonly required to obtain a sufficiently high voltage for circuit operation, a voltage boosting with serially stacked PV cells is limited in a standard bulk CMOS process because all the PV cells are intrinsically connected to the common substrate. It is possible to increase the output voltage by stacking multiple PV cells with a large area ratio between stages. However, nonoptimal design results in a poor conversion efficiency or a limited open-circuit voltage, making it unsuitable for practical applications. This article proposes a stacking structure and its optimal design method for PV cell stacking in a triple-well CMOS process. The proposed approach utilizes an additional current-sourcing photodiode and an optical filter, which allow high voltage generation without a significant efficiency degradation. The test chip with four-stage stacked PV cells was fabricated using a 0.25-μm standard triple-well CMOS process. The experimental results demonstrate an output voltage of 1.6 V and an electrical power of 263 nW/mm2 under an incident illumination with an intensity of 96 μW/mm2, achieving a responsivity of 1.91 mA/W and a conversion efficiency of 0.27%.
关键词： on-chip solar cell,photovoltaic (PV) cell stacking,Energy harvesting,voltage boosting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficient Output Power Enhancement and Protection Technique for Hot Spotted Solar Photovoltaic Modules
摘要： One of the major issues faced by solar PV module is the occurrence of hotspots. Disproportionate current production of the solar cells is the basic reason for the creation of hot spots. This intense event deteriorates the cell and its protecting shield, resulting in permanent damage to cells. To overcome this issue, some techniques are developed by the researchers to boost power production and to suppress the hot spots. In this paper, a sustainable technique is proposed to improve the performance of hot spotted solar PV system. During hot spot conditions, the proposed technique reduces hot spots and also generates more power compared to the conventional techniques. In the conventional techniques, the relays/switches are connected in the strings of the PV module, whereas in the proposed technique, the relays are connected in the appropriate places of the substrings of the module. In the proposed technique, the relays are operated by disconnecting the affected sub string and the generated power is also fetched in an efficient manner. The proposed method is tested in a scaled down 80 W module. In order to locate the hot spots, the solar photovoltaic cells are inspected using thermal images obtained from thermal cameras. The analysis is preceded by deriving the P-V curve under various hot spot conditions. The proposed technique effectively reduces the temperature by 12 degree Celsius and enhances the output power by 28.9W. The obtained results suggest that the proposed technique makes the PV module a sustainable one.
关键词： PV power enhancement,photovoltaic (PV) cell temperature analysis,thermal imaging,hot spot reduction
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Light-Harvesting CMOS Power-Supply System for 0–10-mW Wireless Microsensors
摘要： Wireless microsensors in consumer products, homes, hospitals, and factories incorporate sensing, processing, and transmission intelligence that can save money, energy, and lives. Although their tiny batteries deplete quickly, harvesting light energy can replenish what they supply. Still, a 1-mm2 PV cell can only generate up to 150 μW of the mW's that a wireless microsensor can consume. The battery-assisted light-powered harvester presented here therefore draws 10–130 μW from a 1 × 1-mm2 PV cell and assistance from a battery to supply a 10-mW load and recharge the battery with excess PV power. The CMOS system regulates its 1-V output within ±28 mV while supplying 10× more power per 1 mm3 with 94.5% efficiency and 38× with 87.8% efficiency than the best light-harvesting microsystem reported. Unlike others whose efficiencies peak at one power level, efficiency here is 94.5% across vPV's 10–130-μW and PLD's 0.5–10-mW with a 18-μH 3 × 3 × 1.5-mm3 inductor and 87.8% with a 22-μH 1.6 × 0.8 × 0.8-mm3 device.
关键词： Ambient light,switched-inductor converter,wireless microsensor,energy harvester,power supply,photovoltaic (PV) cell,CMOS microsystem,charger
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives and Power System (ICSEDPS) - Maharashtra State, India (2018.6.12-2018.6.13)] 2018 International Conference on Smart Electric Drives and Power System (ICSEDPS) - Synchronization of Solar Inverter with Power Grid
摘要： In solar panel inverter, we use to provide the power supply to the residential load using inverter and if our residential load does not require power supply then power is supplied to the power grid. If the grid voltage is 230V and the inverter supply is 300V then it means that we step down the inverter 300V supply voltage to the 230V, also the current and voltage are in phase with each other. The supply voltage from the solar panel is given to the DC to DC converter. Also the current and voltage from the solar panel is given as a gate signal to the converter through the MPPT. The supply voltage taken from the DC to DC converter is applied across the battery as well as across the residential AC load or to the power grid via PWM inverter. The inverter is utilized to change over direct present (DC) to alternating current (AC). Such a AC supply we can provide to the residential load as well as to the grid also, such a system we are designing using the MATLAB SIMULINK software.
关键词： Photovoltaic (PV) Cell,Pulse width modulation(PWM),Grid synchronization
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Model Predictive Control Via PV-Based VAR Scheme for Power Distribution Systems With Regular and Unexpected Abnormal Loads
摘要： This paper develops a model predictive controller (MPC) via photovoltaic (PV)-based volt-ampere reactive scheme to minimize the power loss and stabilize voltage ?uctuation when PV cells are connected to the power distribution line. The nominal power load data from California independent system operator is used to simulate dynamics of the system with DistFlow equations. Since power consumptions in fact may deviate from nominal values, an estimator is further developed to reconstruct the state variables and power loads from measurements. The integration of the MPC and estimator forms a closed-loop control framework and enables the system to quickly recover from undesired disturbances by effectively changing the real and reactive powers provided by PV cells. We use a bidirectional, single branch distribution circuit to demonstrate the performance of proposed scheme. The results show that our MPC indeed reduces power loss and keeps the voltage within a desired bound. Additionally, the estimator successfully detects and correctly estimates the abnormal change of power consumption and directs the MPC to compensate such unexpected power loads promptly.
关键词： Model predictive control (MPC),power distribution system,volt-ampere reactive (VAR) control,photovoltaic (PV)-cell
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36