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Challenges and opportunities for nanomaterials in spectral splitting for high-performance hybrid solar photovoltaic-thermal applications: A review
摘要： Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collectors, which are capable of cogenerating useful thermal energy and electricity from the same aperture area, have a significantly higher overall efficiency and ability to displace emissions compared to independent, separate photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors or combinations thereof. Spectral splitting has emerged as a promising route towards next-generation high-performance PV-T collectors, and nanotechnology plays an important role in meeting the optical and thermal requirements of advanced spectral splitting PV-T collector designs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of spectral splitting technologies based on nanomaterials for PV-T applications. Emerging nanomaterials (nanofluids, nanofilms and nanowires) suitable for achieving spectral splitting based on reflection, diffraction, refraction and/or absorption approaches in PV-T collectors are presented, along with the associated challenges and opportunities of these design approaches. The requirements from such materials in terms of optical properties, thermal properties, stability and cost are discussed with the aim of guiding future research and innovation, and developing this technology towards practical application. Nanofluids and nanofilms are currently the most common nanomaterials used for spectral splitting, with significant progress made in recent years in the development of these materials. Nevertheless, there still remains a considerable gap between the optical properties of currently-available filters and the desired properties of ideal filters. Aiming to instruct and guide the future development of filter materials, a simple generalized method is further proposed in this paper to identify optimal filters and efficiency limits of spectral splitting PV-T systems for different scenarios. It is found that the optimal filter of a spectral splitting PV-T system is highly sensitive to the value of thermal energy relative to that of electricity, which therefore depends strongly on the application and location. The efficiency limit of spectral splitting PV-T collectors is significantly higher than that of standalone PV panels. The stability of nanomaterial filters remains a critical challenge for their long-term employment and also for high-temperature operation in practical applications.
关键词： Nanofilms,Spectral splitting,Nanomaterials,Thermal properties,Stability,Nanofluids,Optical properties,Cost,Nanowires,Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collectors
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of electrical efficiency of photovoltaic thermal solar collector
摘要： In this study, machine learning methods of artificial neural networks (ANNs), least squares support vector machines (LSSVM), and neuro-fuzzy are used for advancing prediction models for thermal performance of a photovoltaic-thermal solar collector (PV/T). In the proposed models, the inlet temperature, flow rate, heat, solar radiation, and the sun heat have been considered as the input variables. Data set has been extracted through experimental measurements from a novel solar collector system. Different analyses are performed to examine the credibility of the introduced models and evaluate their performances. The proposed LSSVM model outperformed the ANFIS and ANNs models. LSSVM model is reported suitable when the laboratory measurements are costly and time-consuming, or achieving such values requires sophisticated interpretations.
关键词： hybrid machine learning model,Renewable energy,photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T),least square support vector machine (LSSVM),adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS),neural networks (NNs)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A multistate investigation of a solar dryer coupled with photovoltaic thermal collector and evacuated tube collector
摘要： In this study, an indirect solar dryer was designed and manufactured using a Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) collector and Evacuated Tube (ET) collector. The main objectives of this system were to supply the thermal load of the indirect solar dryer, to ?nd the best model for the drying process, to present a new model to predict the drying process of Tarkhineh (the drying material) and to perform its life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). The manufactured system was tested under the weather conditions of Sanandaj city, Iran and was compared with open sun drying. When the auxiliary heater was not used, the new model 1 was the best model to describe the drying of Tarkhineh in the open sun mode and the new model 2 was the best model to describe the drying of Tarkhineh in the solar dryer designed and manufactured in this study. The new models 1 and 2 were found to be the best models for describing the drying process of Tarkhineh at set point temperatures 55 °C and 45 °C, supplied by the auxiliary heater, respectively. The payback period of the PV/T solar dryer and ET solar dryer, assuming 300 sunny days/year, were 2.3 and 2.5 years, respectively.
关键词： Evacuated tube collector,Photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collector,Payback period,Tarkhineh,Models of drying,Solar dryer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Overall efficiency enhancement and cost optimization of semitransparent photovoltaic thermal air collector
摘要： A semitransparent photovoltaic‐thermal (PV/T) air collector can produce electricity and heat simultaneously. To maximize the thermal and overall efficiency of the semitransparent PV/T air collector, its availability should be maximum; this can be determined through a Markov analysis. In this paper, a Markov model is developed to select an optimized number of semitransparent PV modules in service with five states and two states by considering two parameters, namely failure rate (λ) and repair rate (μ). Three artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed to obtain the minimum cost, minimum temperature, and maximum thermal efficiency of the semitransparent PV/T air collector by setting its type appropriately and optimizing the number of photovoltaic modules and cost. An attempt is also made to achieve maximum thermal and overall efficiency for the semitransparent PV/T air collector by using ANN after obtaining its minimum temperature and available solar radiation.
关键词： availability,semitransparent,ANN,photovoltaic‐thermal (PV/T) air collector
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Multi-Party Energy Management and Economics of Integrated Energy Microgrid with PV/T and CHP system
摘要： Focusing on electricity and thermal energy requirement of contemporary buildings, a joint operation of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) based prosumers and a Microturbine based combined heat and power (CHP) system has been presented to analyse the economics of grid-connected microgrid (MG) system. Bidirectional flow of electricity and heat model is considered and is optimally managed using price-based demand response (DR) scheme. Thermal storage is exploited to ward off the substantial amount of heat wastages that enhance the system's reliability during any disruption of microturbine. The objective functions of both prosumer and microgrid operator (MGO) are formulated as a profit maximization problem where they interact with each other on the basis of DR activity. To establish this strategic decision-making process, the system is modelled as a Stackelberg Equilibrium (SE) game, where MGO acts as a leader while PV/T prosumers act as a follower. The interaction or contribution of two players in a game is a problem of non-linear optimization which is solved by Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. In the end, in a case study, it has been proved that the results are quite lucrative for the proposed model.
关键词： photovoltaic thermal (PV/T),Differential Evolution (DE),demand response (DR),Stackelberg Equilibrium (SE),microgrid (MG),combined heat and power (CHP)
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36