- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
- 产品
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Two-dimensional Nanomaterials for Novel Piezotronics and Piezophototronics
摘要： Because of the novel properties owing to two-dimensional (2D) confinement, research on 2D nanomaterials has become one of the leading topics in condensed matter physics and materials science. From the viewpoint of crystallography, the 2D morphology embodies spontaneous breakdown of 3D symmetry, which means that the inversion symmetry preserved in some bulk materials can be broken in their corresponding 2D ones, possibly resulting in intrinsic piezoelectric property. Such 2D materials in conjunction with their semiconductor properties, they are good candidates for novel ultrathin piezotronics and piezophototronics. In one hand, the 2D piezoelectric materials are easy to integrate with the state-of-the-art semiconductor process and conventional electronic technologies. On the other hand, the possible combination of piezoelectricity with other unusual properties in 2D materials such as ferromagnetism or topological insulator may give birth to new physics and innovative devices design for novel applications. Here we present an overview of recent breakthroughs in 2D piezotronics and piezophototronics, covering from the fundamental principles to their vast applications in energy harvesting and adaptive electronics/optoelectronics. Considering the potential scientific and device developments, we conclude with an in-depth discussion of possible future directions in this active research field.
关键词： interface modulation,piezophototronics,active electronics/optoelectronics,2D nanomaterials,piezotronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A demonstration of the mechanical sensing capability of individually contacted vertical piezoelectric nanowires arranged in matrices
摘要： This paper reports the fabrication of arrays of vertical piezoelectric nanowires which are individually contacted at their base, and demonstrates that an electrical response to strain can be obtained from individual nanowires from the array, without external biasing exploiting the piezotronic effect. Such a technology could thus be used for the fabrication of self-powered sensors for mechanical strain mapping, where each individually contacted nanowire would act as the strain sensing equivalent of a pixel. Lateral mapping resolutions in the micrometer range can be obtained. Here, the hydrothermal method was used to grow vertical ZnO nanowires selectively between two electrodes that had been patterned beforehand. For the sake of demonstration, nanowires deflection was produced by subjecting the array of nanowires to an incident lateral gas flow of controlled rate, which was switched on and off repeatedly across the sample while electrical response was measured. Different experimental configurations were tested in terms of flow rate, flow orientation, or nanowire position with respect to tube outlet. Experiments were carried out with compressed nitrogen and air. The experimental results are fully consistent with the piezoelectric and piezotronic response which can be expected with this geometry. Moreover, it is shown that the electrical response under nitrogen flow is a linear function of flow rate and that its sign provides information about flow direction. These results demonstrate the very promising prospects of this new technology for high-resolution mapping, with potential applications in gas or liquid flow sensing, fingerprints detection or human-machine interfaces.
关键词： Mechanical sensor,Piezotronics,Microfabrication,Strain mapping,ZnO nanowires
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Piezotronics and piezo-phototronics in two-dimensional materials
摘要： This article discusses recent studies of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Two-dimensional semiconductor materials have demonstrated excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties, and these ultrathin materials are candidates for next-generation devices. Among 2D semiconductors, transition-metal dichalcogenides in particular have large in-place piezoelectricity due to the noncentrosymmetry along the armchair direction. A strong coupling of piezoelectric and semiconducting properties has been reported for Schottky contacts and p–n junctions, even in single-layer materials. Since the carrier concentration of ultrathin 2D materials can be easily modulated by external piezocharges, layered composites of ferroelectric/2D materials also show promising piezotronic and piezo-phototronic properties.
关键词： piezo-phototronics,piezoelectricity,transition-metal dichalcogenides,piezotronics,two-dimensional materials
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Piezotronics and piezo-phototronics with third-generation semiconductors
摘要： When uniform strain is applied to noncentrosymmetric semiconductor crystals, which are piezoelectric, static polarization charges are induced at the surface. If the applied strain is not uniform, these charges can even be created inside the crystal. The applied strain affects electronic transport and also photonic processes, and thus can be used to tune the material properties statically or dynamically. As a result, two new fields have emerged, namely piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. This article reviews the history of the two fields and gives a perspective on their applications. The articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin highlight progress in these two fields, and this article places this progress into perspective.
关键词： piezo-phototronics,piezoelectricity,piezotronics,semiconductor transport,third-generation semiconductors
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Piezotronic modulations in electro- and photochemical catalysis
摘要： Electrochemical catalyst design and optimization primarily relies on understanding and facilitating interfacial charge transfer. Recently, piezotronics have emerged as a promising method for tuning the interfacial energetics. The unique band-engineering capability using piezoelectric or ferroelectric polarization could lead to performance gains for electrochemical catalysis beyond what can be achieved by chemical or structural optimization. This article addresses the fundamentals of surface polarization and corresponding band modulation at solid–liquid interfaces. The most recent advances in piezotronic modulations are discussed from multiple perspectives of catalysis, including photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemical processes, particularly for energy-related applications. The concept of piezocatalysis, a direct conversion of mechanical energy to chemical energy, is introduced with an example of mechanically driven water splitting. While still in the early stages, piezotronics is envisioned to become a powerful tool for revolutionizing electrochemical catalysis.
关键词： electrochemical catalysis,piezotronics,piezoelectric polarization,piezocatalysis,ferroelectric polarization
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Theory of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics
摘要： Piezotronic and piezo-phototronic devices exhibit high performance and have potential applications especially in next-generation self-powered, flexible electronics and wearable systems. In these devices, a strain-induced piezoelectric field at a junction, contact, or interface can significantly modulate the carrier generation, recombination, and transport properties. This mechanism has been studied based on the theory of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics. Simulation-driven materials design and device improvements have been greatly propelled by the finite element method, density functional theory, and molecular dynamics for achieving high-performance devices. Dynamical piezoelectric fields can also control new quantum states in quantum materials, such as in topological insulators, which pave a new path for enhancing performance and for investigating the fundamental physics of quantum piezotronics and piezo-phototronics.
关键词： piezo-phototronics,piezotronics,piezoelectric field,quantum materials,semiconductor physics
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14