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Tailoring Carrier Dynamics in Perovskite Solar Cells via Precise Di-mension and Architecture Control and Interfacial Positioning of Plasmonic Nanoparticles
摘要： Placing plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in close proximity to semiconductor nanostructures renders effective tuning of the optoelectronic properties of semiconductors through the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-induced enhancement of light absorption and/or promotion of carrier transport. Herein, we report on, for the first time, the scrutiny of carrier dynamics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via sandwiching monodisperse plasmonic/dielectric core/shell NPs with systematically varied dielectric shell thickness yet fixed plasmonic core diameter within electron transport layer (ETL). Specifically, a set of Au NPs with precisely controlled dimensions (i.e., fixed Au core diameter and tunable SiO2 shell thickness) and architectures (plain Au NPs and plasmonic/dielectric Au/SiO2 core/shell NPs) are first crafted by capitalizing on the star-like block copolymer nanoreactor strategy. Subsequently, these monodisperse NPs are sandwiched between the two consecutive TiO2 ETLs. Intriguingly, there exists a critical dielectric SiO2 shell thickness, below which hot electrons from Au core are readily injected to TiO2 (i.e., hot electron transfer (HET)); this promotes local electron mobility in TiO2 ETL, leading to improved charge transport and increased short-circuit current density (Jsc). It is also notable that the HET effect moves up the Fermi level of TiO2, resulting in an enhanced built-in potential and open-circuit voltage (Voc). Taken together, the PSCs constructed by employing a sandwich-like TiO2/Au NPs/TiO2 ETL exhibit both greatly enhanced Jsc and Voc, delivering champion PCEs of 18.81% and 19.42% in planar and mesostructured PSCs, respectively. As such, the judicious positioning of rationally designed monodisperse plasmonic NPs in ETL affords effective tailoring of carrier dynamics, thereby providing a unique platform for developing high-performance PSCs.
关键词： hot electron transfer,perovskite solar cells,plasmonic nanoparticles,carrier dynamics,localized surface plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Plasmonic Nanoparticles in Dielectrics Synthesized by Ion Beams: Optical Properties and Photonic Applications
摘要： The zero-dimensional metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted tremendous attention in various areas owing to the collective oscillation of electron gas that couples with electromagnetic field, known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). In practical applications, the tailoring of LSPR effect is of significant importance for promising photonic devices with designed nanocomposite systems and enhanced optical properties. Ion beam technology has been demonstrated to be an efficient method to fabricate NPs embedded in dielectrics for LSPR tailoring and material modification. By manipulating the parameters of ion beams, the shape, size, and structure of NPs can be well controlled, which enables the dielectrics to possess novel linear and nonlinear optical properties. In this review, the latest research progress on the ion beam synthesis of various NPs is systematically summarized. The tailoring of linear and nonlinear optical properties of dielectrics by NPs is discussed in detail. Selected applications are presented to indicate the development of the plasmonic NPs in dielectric systems for photonic applications.
关键词： localized surface plasmon resonance,ion beam modification,nonlinear optical responses,photonic applications,plasmonic nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design of Magnetica??Plasmonic Nanoparticle Assemblies via Interface Engineering of Plasmonic Shells for Targeted Cancer Cell Imaging and Separation
摘要： Magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles have received considerable attention for widespread applications. These nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities are developed due to their potential in bio-sensing applicable in non-destructive and sensitive analysis with target-specific separation. However, it is challenging to synthesize these NPs that simultaneously exhibit low remanence, maximized magnetic content, plasmonic coverage with abundant hotspots, and structural uniformity. Here, a method that involves the conjugation of a magnetic template with gold seeds via chemical binding and seed-mediated growth is proposed, with the objective of obtaining plasmonic nanostructures with abundant hotspots on a magnetic template. To obtain a clean surface for directly functionalizing ligands and enhancing the Raman intensity, an additional growth step of gold (Au) and/or silver (Ag) atoms is proposed after modifying the Raman molecules on the as-prepared magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles. Importantly, one-sided silver growth occurred in an environment where gold facets are blocked by Raman molecules; otherwise, the gold growth is layer-by-layer. Moreover, simultaneous reduction by gold and silver ions allowed for the formation of a uniform bimetallic layer. The enhancement factor of the nanoparticles with a bimetallic layer is approximately 107. The SERS probes functionalized cyclic peptides are employed for targeted cancer-cell imaging and separation.
关键词： cell separation,surface-enhanced Raman scattering,bio-sensing,magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles,cancer-cell imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Influence of the Fifth-Order Nonlinearity of Gold Nanorods on the Performance of Random Lasers
摘要： We present the first experimental evidence for the influence of the fifth-order nonlinearity on the characteristics of Random Lasers with plasmonic nanoparticles as scatterers. The experiments were performed with gold nanorods suspended in an ethanolic solution of Rhodamine 6G, pumped by a picosecond laser. It is shown that by varying the nanorods aspect-ratio, it is possible to control the cooperative influence of both transverse and longitudinal localized surface plasmons on the fifth-order nonlinear light scattering, a phenomenon that allows to manage the optical feedback causing significant changes in the threshold intensity and emission power of Random Lasers.
关键词： fifth-order nonlinearity,gold nanorods,Random Lasers,optical feedback,plasmonic nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Localized surface plasmon resonance scattering imaging and spectroscopy for real-time reaction monitoring
摘要： In the last decade, plasmonic nanoparticles-based scattering imaging and spectroscopy has introduced the analysis and sensing to the single nanoparticle and molecule level, such as the biomolecules adsorption process and the quantitative detection of small molecules and ions. Recently, this technology has also been focus on the real-time and in-situ reaction monitoring, which is a new emerging branch of the single-nanoparticle imaging, revealing the reaction dynamic information and the related controlling factors. In this mini-review, recent applications of plasmon resonance scattering imaging and spectroscopy in the real-time reaction monitoring in the past 5 years are highlighted and discussed.
关键词： single nanoparticle level,Localized surface plasmon resonance,plasmonic nanoparticles,scattering imaging,reaction monitoring
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Making Permanent Optical Matter of Plasmonic Nanoparticles by in Situ Photopolymerization
摘要： Laser-induced self-organization of colloidal metal nanoparticles holds great promise in building artificial photonic structures, yet the self-organized nanoparticles (i.e., optical matter) disassemble immediately without the optical field. Here we report an approach for in situ construction of permanent mesoscale structures from optically bound nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles are trapped by optical tweezers and self-organize into various optical matter structures, which are selectively immobilized by photocurable hydrogels upon additional UV light illumination. Making permanent optical matter of plasmonic nanoparticles will benefit bottom-up assembly of photonic materials and devices.
关键词： photopolymerization,plasmonic nanoparticles,optical tweezers,self-organization,optical matter
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Design and Analysis of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell with ZnO Nanorods and Plasmonic Nanoparticles
摘要： Recently, the utilization of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite has become prevalent in solar cell applications due to its promising optical properties. In this study, a perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) as an electron transport layer (ETL) was numerically simulated and the plasmonic effects of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were surveyed beside the previously desirable result of using ZnO nanorod observed in 3rd generation organic photovoltaic devices. Since the unique properties of plasmonic structures, particularly the ability to guide and trap the light at nanometer dimensions, would cause a substantial increase in light absorption, improved device performance can be expected. In this article, we showed that a model of perovskite solar cell comprised of FTO/ZnO/ZnO NR/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Au yielded promising results after incorporating Au NPs. While utilizing the benefits of ZnO nanorod ETL is a common method to achieve high-performance halide PSCs, we revealed that incorporating Au NPs between nanorods leads to an even superior behavior. After analyzing various diameters of Au nanoparticles and densities of ZnO nanorod arrays and adopting the optimum value of both, results of our simulations demonstrated that CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite infiltrated ZnO NRs solar cell with Au NPs (without Au NPs) has an efficiency of “16.77%” (14.51%), the fill factor of “78.28%” (76.60%) with a short circuit current density of “20.56 ????/????2”( 18.07 ????/????2). This drastic improvement can pave the way for further studies to fabricate and reap benefit out of the plasmonic effect in perovskite solar cells.
关键词： Perovskite solar cell,FDTD simulation,Plasmonic nanoparticles,ZnO nanorods
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Extending Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Liquids using Shell‐Isolated Plasmonic Superstructures
摘要： Plasmonic superstructures (PS) based on Au/SiO2 were prepared for Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SHINERS) in liquid phase applications. These superstructures are composed of functionalized SiO2 spheres with plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs) on their surface. Functionalization was performed with (3-aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane, and poly(ethylene-imine) (PEI). Of these three, PEI-functionalized spheres showed the highest adsorption density of Au NPs in TEM, UV/Vis and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. Upon decreasing the Au NP/SiO2 sphere size ratio, an increase in adsorption density was also observed. To optimize plasmonic activity, 61 nm Au NPs were adsorbed onto 900 nm SiO2-PEI spheres and these PS were coated with an ultrathin layer (1–2 nm) of SiO2 to obtain Shell-Isolated Plasmonic Superstructures (SHIPS), preventing direct contact between Au NPs and the liquid medium. Zeta potential measurements, TEM and SHINERS showed that SiO2 coating was successful. The detection limit for SHINERS using SHIPS and a 638 nm laser was around 10?12 m of Rhodamine (10?15 m for uncoated PS), all with acquisition settings suitable for catalysis applications.
关键词： Raman spectroscopy,plasmonic nanoparticles,reaction monitoring,heterogeneous catalysis,SERS
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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An electro-tunable Fabry–Perot interferometer based on dual mirror-on-mirror nanoplasmonic metamaterials
摘要： Mirror-on-mirror nanoplasmonic metamaterials, formed on the basis of voltage-controlled reversible self-assembly of sub-wavelength-sized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on thin metallic film electrodes, are promising candidates for novel electro-tunable optical devices. Here, we present a new design of electro-tunable Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) in which two parallel mirrors – each composed of a monolayer of NPs self-assembled on a thin metallic electrode – form an optical cavity, which is filled with an aqueous solution. The reflectivity of the cavity mirrors can be electrically adjusted, simultaneously or separately, via a small variation of the electrode potentials, which would alter the inter-NP separation in the monolayers. To investigate optical transmittance from the proposed FPI device, we develop a nine-layer-stack theoretical model, based on our effective medium theory and multi-layer Fresnel reflection scheme, which produces excellent match when verified against full-wave simulations. We show that strong plasmonic coupling among silver NPs forming a monolayer on a thin silver-film substrate makes reflectivity of each cavity mirror highly sensitive to the inter-NP separation. Such a design allows the continuous tuning of the multiple narrow and intense transmission peaks emerging from an FPI cavity via electro-tuning the inter-NP separation in situ – reaping the benefits from both inexpensive bottom-up fabrication and energy-efficient tuning.
关键词： electro-tunable optical devices,voltage-controlled reversible self-assembly,self-assembled plasmonic nanoparticles,Fabry–Perot interferometers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Sandwiching analytes with structurally diverse plasmonic nanoparticles on paper substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
摘要： This report describes the systematic combination of structurally diverse plasmonic metal nanoparticles (AgNPs, AuNPs, Ag core–Au shell NPs, and anisotropic AuNPs) on flexible paper-based materials to induce signal-enhancing environments for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. The anisotropic AuNP-modified paper exhibits the highest SERS response due to the surface area and the nature of the broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) neighboring the Raman excitation wavelength. The subsequent addition of a second layer with these four NPs (e.g., sandwich arrangement) leads to the notable increase of the SERS signals by inducing a high probability of electromagnetic field environments associated with the interparticle SPR coupling and hot spots. After examining sixteen total combinations, the highest SERS response is obtained from the second layer with AgNPs on the anisotropic AuNP paper substrate, which allows for a higher calibration sensitivity and wider dynamic range than those of typical AuNP–AuNP arrangement. The variation of the SERS signals is also found to be below 20% based on multiple measurements (both intra-sample and inter-sample). Furthermore, the degree of SERS signal reductions for the sandwiched analytes is notably slow, indicating their increased long-term stability. The optimized combination is then employed in the detection of let-7f microRNA to demonstrate their practicability as SERS substrates. Precisely introducing interparticle coupling and hot spots with readily available plasmonic NPs still allows for the design of inexpensive and practical signal enhancing substrates that are capable of increasing the calibration sensitivity, extending the dynamic range, and lowering the detection limit of various organic and biological molecules.
关键词： SERS,surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy,interparticle coupling,microRNA detection,plasmonic nanoparticles,paper substrates,signal enhancement,hot spots
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52