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Effect of pad wear on tool influence function in robotic polishing of large optics
摘要： Robotic polishing can greatly improve the manufacturing efficiency of precision optics, and its tool influence function (TIF) needs to be modeled precisely for deterministic fabrication. When polishing large optics, the TIFs are significantly affected by the wear of the polishing pad, which in turn will change the material removal rate. In this paper, the generating mechanism of the pad wear is analyzed, so as to quantitatively predict the wear amount of the polishing pad under different processing parameters; consequently, the TIF error caused by pad wear can be compensated. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can reliably predict the polishing pad shape and the corresponding TIF after different wearing time; henceforth, the resulting form quality and convergence rate of robotic polishing can be significantly improved.
关键词： Pad wear,Polishing,Robot,Optics fabrication,Tool influence function
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Effects of LED Light Color and Intensity on Feather Pecking and Fear Responses of Layer Breeders in Natural Mating Colony Cages
摘要： The friction properties play an important role in diamond polishing, which significantly affect the interfacial contact and material removal. In this paper, the friction force and coefficient of friction (COF) during diamond polishing process were monitored under different loads and rotating speeds. The results show that the friction force and COF both increase with the load, and decrease with the rotating speed. The bearing capacity of liquid film is enhanced at large rotating speed, which leads to the decrease of friction force. According to the binomial law of friction, the increase of actual contact area caused by high load contributes to the increase of COF. Besides, it is found that the addition of H2O2 reduces the friction coefficient through surface adsorption. In order to further reveal the mechanism of friction variation at the atomic level, the friction behavior at a local area of interface between the diamond substrate and the abrasive particle in diamond polishing process was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) method. The simulation results indicate that the interfacial bridge bonds formed between the substrate and particle under the action of load lead to the increase of friction force.
关键词： molecular dynamics,coefficient of friction,diamond,friction,polishing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Investigation of Laser Polishing of Four Selective Laser Melting Alloy Samples
摘要： Selective laser melting (SLM) is a layer by layer process of melting and solidifying of metal powders. The surface quality of the previous layer directly affects the uniformity of the next layer. If the surface roughness value of the previous layer is large, there is the possibility of not being able to complete the layering process such that the entire process has to be abandoned. At least, it may result in long term durability problem and the inhomogeneity, may even make the processed structure not be able to be predicted. In the present study, the ability of a fiber laser to in-situ polish the rough surfaces of four typical additive-manufactured alloys, namely, Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, 316L and IN718 was demonstrated. The results revealed that the surface roughness of the as-received alloys could be reduced to about 3 μm through the application of the laser-polishing process, and the initial surfaces had roughness values of 8.80–16.64 μm. Meanwhile, for a given energy density, a higher laser power produced a laser-polishing effect that was often more obvious, with the surface roughness decreasing with an increase in the laser power. Further, the polishing strategy will be optimized by simulation in our following study.
关键词： laser polishing,additive manufacturing,selective laser melting,typical alloys,surface roughness
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser Beam Polishing of Polymers
摘要： Fused layer manufacturing (FLM) is an additive manufacturing process in which parts are built in layers by localized extrusion of molten polymer through a nozzle. It offers a high degree of geometrical flexibility as well as a wide range of suitable materials. Unfortunately, a characteristically high surface roughness is limiting the number of possible applications. The following article provides investigations regarding the remelting of FLM surfaces via laser beam polishing as an effective method for achieving a reduced roughness.
关键词： FLM-printed parts,polymers,laser beam polishing,surface roughness,additive manufacturing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser Polishing of Ti6Al4V Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
摘要： Selective laser melting (SLM) is emerging as a promising 3D printing method for orthopedic and dental applications. However, SLM-based Ti6Al4V components frequently exhibit high roughness values and partial surface defects. Laser polishing (LP) is a newly developed technology to improve the surface quality of metals. In this research, LP is applied to improve the surface ?nish of components. The results show that the laser beam can neatly ablate the aggregates of metallic globules and repair cracks and pores on the surface, resulting in a smooth surface with nanocomposites. Overall, the results indicate that using LP optimizes surface morphology to favor fatigue behavior and osteoblastic di?erentiation. These ?ndings provide foundational data to improve the surface roughness of a laser-polished implant and pave the way for optimized mechanical behavior and biocompatibility via the laser process.
关键词： laser polishing,additive manufacturing,biocompatibility,mechanical properties,surface roughness
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser polishing of tool steel using a continuous-wave laser assisted by a steady magnetic field
摘要： Continuous-wave (CW) lasers are widely used in laser polishing, but with CW laser polishing, it is difficult to reduce the surface roughness to 0.2 μm from an original value exceeding 1.0 μm. The aim of this study is to develop an innovative method of laser polishing assisted by a steady magnetic field to overcome that bottleneck and produce smoother surfaces. Two experiments confirm the hypothesis that the molten pool overflows during melting peaks to flow into valleys in CW laser polishing, resulting in secondary roughness that causes the aforementioned quality bottleneck. To either reduce or eliminate this secondary roughness, a steady magnetic field is used during CW laser polishing to suppress the overflow of the molten pool. A three-dimensional surface profiler, a scanning electron microscope, and a nanometer indentation tester are used to characterize and analyze the microstructure and properties of the materials. The experimental results show that the Lorentz force due to the steady magnetic field plays an important suppression role in reducing the secondary roughness.
关键词： laser polishing,steady magnetic field,Lorentz force,molten pool overflow,continuous-wave laser,surface roughness
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Process Automation in Computer Controlled Polishing
摘要： We report on an ambitious project in the field of automation, applied to bound and free abrasive processing of precision and ultra-precision surfaces, with potentially far-reaching consequences. This involves two main aspects:- direct processing of surfaces using industrial robots, and combining robots with Zeeko CNC polishing machines to automate operations that are currently manual. These form steps towards our ultimate vision of the Integrated Manufacturing Cell for bespoke optics rather than mass-produced, and manufacture of other precision surfaces including prosthetic joint implants. Projects such as the European Extremely Large Telescope provide a relevant case study, where significant numbers of high-value bespoke optics are required.
关键词： Robot,Mirror,Optics,Automation,Smoothing,Telescope,Polishing,Grolishing,Lens
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Lapping and Polishing of Crystalline KY(WO4)2: Toward High Refractive Index Contrast Slab Waveguides
摘要： Rare-earth ion-doped potassium yttrium double tungstate, RE:KY(WO4)2, is a promising candidate for small, power-efficient, on-chip lasers and amplifiers. Thin KY(WO4)2-on-glass layers with thicknesses ranging between 0.9 and 1.6 μm are required to realize on-chip lasers based on high refractive index contrast waveguides operating between 1.55 and 3.00 μm. The crystalline nature of KY(WO4)2 makes the growth of thin, defect-free layers on amorphous glass substrates impossible. Heterogeneous integration is one of the promising approaches to achieve thin KY(WO4)2-on-glass layers. In this process, crystal samples, with a thickness of 1 mm, are bonded onto a glass substrate and thinned down with an extensive lapping and polishing procedure to the desired final thickness. In this study, a lapping and polishing process for KY(WO4)2 was developed toward the realization of integrated active optical devices in this material.
关键词： integrated optics,heterogeneous integration,lapping,polishing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Thermodynamics analysis and rapid solidification of laser polished Inconel 718 by selective laser melting
摘要： This paper presents thermodynamics analysis and rapid solidi?cation of laser polishing technology for selective laser melting (SLM) Inconel 718 superalloy. Signi?cant porosity reduction has been examined in the laser polished layer, where the surface porosity is reduced by 65.7% compared with that of the as-fabricated SLM surface. The results show that the temperature in the polished zone is over 1683 K, and the cooling rate is approximately up to 2.46 × 106 K/s. Besides, the polished layer consists of equiaxed grain and columnar grain with average grain size of 10 ± 2.4 μm and 5 ± 1.2 μm, respectively, and tiny cell grains with average size of 3.5 μm in the heat-a?ected zone (HAZ). Moreover, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) results show that the orientation relationship (OR) between the γ matrix and Laves phase is found to be Burgers OR [0 1 1] ‖[0 1 1ˉ 2] Laves on the as-received layer and [1ˉ 1 1] ‖[1 2ˉ 1 3ˉ] Laves on the polished layer.
关键词： Inconel 718 superalloy,Microstructural evolution,Crystallographic orientation,Selective laser melting,Laser polishing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Surface polishes of the SKD 61 tool steel by a femto pulse laser operating in a wide range of powers
摘要： SKD 61 tool steel workpieces without prior heat treatment are adopted for pulse femto laser polish with the power in a range of 0.1-20 mW. Single-pass tracks are provided first to evaluate the width (W) and depth (D) of groove's lateral profile. With the characteristics exhibited in the nearly constant D/W data and the noticeable changes in the crystal species and the Fe content in this powers range, the three power subregions and the powers required for the solid-(plasma) ablation and the ablation-evaporation plus plasma breakdown transitions can be identified clearly. Surfaces polished with 0, 50, and 70 % as the overlap ratio are presented to investigate the mean areal roughness (Sa) and the highest roughness amplitude (HA) transition, (Sa)0% >> (Sa)50% > (Sa)70% is presented. When the power is applied beyond the threshold (14 mW, 1.7224 J/cm2) for material evaporation and plasma breakdown, affected by the laser fluence (F) in these three subregions and the overlap ratio. As power is applied below the solid-ablation transition (9~10 mW, F: 1.3777~1.5239 J/cm2), (Sa)0% >> (Sa)70% > (Sa)50% is obtained; if it is applied higher than this frequency analysis; phase transformation.
关键词： D/W ratio,femtosecond laser polishing,phase transformation,spatial frequency analysis,ablation threshold
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22