- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Polymers and Electromagnetic Radiation || Front Matter
摘要： This book concentrates on the interaction of electromagnetic waves with polymers and deals only exceptionally with particle radiation. Electromagnetic waves comprise a very broad range of frequencies that extends over more than 20 orders of magnitude from the radiofrequency region up to the region of hard c-rays emitted from radionuclides or being part of the cosmic rays.
关键词： microwave,radiofrequency,visible light,infrared radiation,gamma rays,polymers,electromagnetic waves,interaction,X-rays,ultraviolet light
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Soft Materials Driven by Photothermal Effect and Their Applications
摘要： We are surrounded by soft materials. Most organs of the human body are made of soft materials. One defining characteristic of soft materials is that they can be readily deformed by external stimuli and stress. Even the thermal energy available at room temperature is sufficient to cause significant deformation in soft materials. de Gennes in his 1991 Nobel lecture emphasized “flexibility” as a defining characteristic of soft materials. Colloids, polymers, liquid crystals (LCs), gels, and biological materials are categorized as soft materials. Being pervasive in nature, soft materials have been a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers for the design and fabrication of stimuli‐responsive smart materials and systems for scientific investigations to understand the basic principles and technological application in devices and health care. Accordingly, a wide variety of engineered soft materials have been developed, which play a crucial role in modern technology. Soft nanotechnology, soft robotics, and soft lithography are examples that reflect the far‐reaching implications of soft materials in biology and engineering. Soft materials constitute one of the most stimulating interdisciplinary frontiers of modern science and are built on diverse experimental and theoretical foundations. Although soft materials in neat state have found a wide range of applications, fabrication of composites of soft materials by integrating other functional materials has recently become a common practice to realize advanced and tunable materials with enhanced properties for high‐tech applications. Incorporation of photothermal agents into the matrices of soft materials is one such emerging approach.
关键词： nanocomposites,soft materials,liquid crystals,photothermal therapy,polymers,gels,photothermal effect,actuators,drug delivery
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Azobenzene Polymers as Photoactive Materials for Shape Changes of Micro/Nano-objects
摘要： Azobenzene Polymers as Photoactive Materials for Shape Changes of Micro/Nano‐objects
关键词： Polymers,Shape Changes,Micro/Nano‐objects,Photoactive Materials,Azobenzene
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers
摘要： According to the definition by Meijer and coworkers in their seminal review [1], supramolecular polymers are polymeric assemblies of small molecular units that are brought together through reversible and directional noncovalent interactions, leading to polymeric properties in solution and bulk states [1–5]. Owing to the reversible nature of their main‐chain formation, supramolecular polymers have attracted considerable attention as highly stimuli‐responsive polymeric materials compared to conventional polymer counterparts. Needless to say, supramolecular polymers have high responsiveness in terms of “degree of polymerization” to temperature change mainly due to entropic reasons, and to solvent media mainly due to enthalpic reasons. Such high responsiveness to external environment has enabled not only the exploration of temperature‐ and solvent‐dependent supramolecular polymer systems, but also the analyses of the supramolecular polymerization process regulated by these parameters [6]. From a technical viewpoint, furthermore, supramolecular polymers have another advantage over conventional polymers, i.e. quite ambient polymerization conditions without using any chemical reagents. This allows more flexible monomer design and enables introduction of a wide variety of functional molecules into supramolecular monomers.
关键词： stimuli-responsive,photoresponsive,supramolecular polymers,polymerization,noncovalent interactions
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Photomechanical Soft Nanocomposites: Synergies Between Soft Matrix and Energy Conversion Additives
摘要： Photomechanical materials can directly transform light energy into mechanical movements that provide mechanical devices with many advantages, such as non‐contact, remote control, and spatiotemporal resolution. In the past decades, a variety of photoresponsive materials have been developed, and the system based on liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) is one of the most fascinating ones from the viewpoint of applications as soft photoactuators. However, a simple‐component material system sometimes develops into a bottleneck, such as difficulty in the realization of multiwavelength responsiveness or the flexibility of fabrication. Recently, nanocomposite materials, which combine the superiority of both organic and inorganic materials, have shown more and more potential in photomechanical researches. It is necessary to summarize the recent progresses made with reference to photomechanical soft nanocomposites. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss their design strategy, fabrication, operating principle, and potential applications.
关键词： Energy Conversion,Photomechanical,Soft Nanocomposites,Photoactuators,Liquid Crystalline Polymers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Photoresponsive Polyolefins
摘要： Nature is unmatched in its esthetics and precisely controlled complexity of biochemical structures of life and the way they function. Nature’s sophisticated functional hierarchical structures are mostly made from biopolymers like polypeptides and polysaccharides, which, over time, have evolved to respond to various adverse external stimuli at levels ranging from molecular to macroscopic. The responses include change of color, shape, porosity, and stiffness. The most commonly used synthetic commodity polymers are polyolefins. But, just as most known synthetic polymers, functional properties of polyolefins are static. The challenge is to develop a commercially viable stimuli‐responsive polymer material, based on commodity polymers such as polyolefins. If we can make it respond to external stimuli, like light, such photoresponsive materials will have a wide range of applications in optical storage, sensors, actuators, artificial muscle, and soft‐robotics, etc. This chapter will discuss briefly the photoresponsive polymeric systems in general and the need for photoresponsive commodity polymers, followed by recent developments of photoresponsive polyolefins with suitable examples. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions of advancing the same are also discussed.
关键词： Photoresponsive,Actuators,Soft-robotics,Polyolefins,Commodity polymers,Stimuli-responsive,Light-responsive
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Synthesis of a Novel Fluorescent Cyanide Chemosensor Based on Photoswitching Poly(pyrene-1-ylmethyl-methacrylate-random-methyl methacrylate-random-methacrylate spirooxazine)
摘要： The photoswitching poly(pyrene-1-ylmethyl-methacrylate-random-methyl methacrylate-random-methacrylate spirooxazine) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The obtained copolymer exhibited the capability of erasable and rewritable photo-imaging, making it a potential candidate for optical data storage materials. Moreover, the copolymer also showed the sensing ability for cyanide anions effect in aqueous solutions.
关键词： spirooxazine,chemosensor,photoswitching polymers,atom transfer radical polymerization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Evidence of reversible oxidation at CuInSe <sub/>2</sub> grain boundaries
摘要： Silicon photonics leverages microelectronic fabrication facilities to achieve photonic circuits of unprecedented complexity and cost efficiency. This efficiency does not yet translate to optical packaging, however, which has not evolved substantially from legacy devices. To reach the potential of silicon photonics, we argue that disruptive advances in the packaging cost, scalability in the optical port count, and scalability in the manufacturing volume are required. To attain these, we establish a novel photonic packaging direction based on leveraging existing microelectronics packaging facilities. We demonstrate two approaches to fiber-to-chip interfacing and one to hybrid photonic integration involving direct flip-chip assembly of photonic dies. Self-alignment is used throughout to compensate for insufficient placement accuracy of high-throughput pick and place tools. We show a self-aligned peak transmission of –1.3 dB from standard cleaved fibers to chip and of –1.1 dB from chip to chip. The demonstrated approaches are meant to be universal by simultaneously allowing wide spectral bandwidth for coarse wavelength division multiplexing and large optical-port count.
关键词： flip-chip devices,optical fiber communication,Integrated optoelectronics,packaging,optical polymers
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Perdeuterated conjugated polymers for ultralowa??frequency magnetic resonance of OLEDs
摘要： Formation of excitons in OLEDs is spin dependent and can be controlled by electron-paramagnetic resonance, affecting device resistance and electroluminescence yield. We explore electrically detected magnetic resonance in the regime of very low magnetic fields (<1mT). A pronounced feature emerges at zero field in addition to the conventional spin-? Zeeman resonance for which the Larmor frequency matches that of the incident radiation. By comparing a conventional π-conjugated polymer as the active material to a perdeuterated analogue, we demonstrate the interplay between zero-field feature and local hyperfine fields. The zero-field peak results from a quasistatic magnetic-field effect of the RF radiation for periods comparable to the carrier-pair lifetime. Zeeman resonances are resolved down to 3.2MHz, approximately twice the Larmor frequency of an electron in Earth’s field. However, since reducing hyperfine fields sharpens the Zeeman peak at the cost of an increased zero-field peak, we suggest that this result constitutes a fundamental low-field limit of magnetic resonance in carrier-pair-based systems. OLEDs offer an alternative solid-state platform to investigate the radical-pair mechanism of magnetic-field effects in photochemical reactions, allowing models of biological magnetoreception to be explored by measuring spin decoherence directly in the time domain.
关键词： Deuteration,Magnetic resonance,Isotopes,Conjugated Polymers,Organic light-emitting diodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Heterometallic Cluster Coordination Polymers Assembled from Cuprous-Halide Clusters and Organotina??Oxygen Pyridinecarboxylate Clusters
摘要： By using the bifunctional ligands bearing carboxylate and N-donor groups, the precursor of nBu2SnO undergoes a transformation to yield organotin–oxygen carboxylate clusters, namely, [(nBu2Sn)4(μ3-O)2(μ2-OH)2(INA)2] (INA = isonicotinate), [(nBu2Sn)5(μ3-O)3(μ2-OH)2(INA)2] and [(nBu2Sn)4(μ3-O)2(NA)4] (NA = nicotinate), resulting in different geometric building units with two or four extension points. Such organotin–oxygen carboxylate clusters assemble with various CunIn clusters such as Cu2I2 rhomboid dimer, Cu4I4 cubic tetramer, Cu6I6 prismatic hexamer to engender various heterometallic cluster coordination polymers.
关键词： organotin–oxygen pyridinecarboxylate clusters,heterometallic cluster coordination polymers,bifunctional ligands,structural dimensions,cuprous-halide clusters
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57