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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Determination of Crystallinity and Thermal Stability of Newly Developed Thermoplastic Polyolefin Encapsulant for the c-Si PV Module Application
摘要： Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) is a newly developed non-crosslinking encapsulant for the crystalline silicon PV modules lamination. The degree of crystallinity and thermal stability of TPO have been studied and compared with the most commonly used ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer encapsulant. The peak melting point and the degree of crystallinity have been determined with the help of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. The crystallinity of both the encapsulant also studied with x-ray diffraction. DSC results show that there is no crosslinking reaction involved in the TPO encapsulant. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is done to determine the thermal stability and thermal decomposition onset temperature. This work will help in understanding the thermal behavior and degree of crystallinity of newly developed TPO encapsulant, which can also potentially replace the EVA encapsulant for the PV module application.
关键词： encapsulant,polyolefin,crystallinity,thermal stability,ethylene vinyl acetate,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Polyolefin Elastomer as the Anode Interfacial Layer for Improved Mechanical and Air Stabilities in Non-fullerene Solar Cells
摘要： Despite the breakthroughs in power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of organic solar cells (OSCs), the other important issue concerns stability, which is urgently needed to be resolved for potential commercialization. A commercial and chemically stable polyolefin elastomer (POE) was incorporated into high-performance PBDB-T:ITIC, PM6:IT-4F and PM6:Y6 non-fullerene systems to serve as the anode interfacial layer, affording remarkably improved mechanical and air stabilities when compared with those of the most studied MoO3 interfacial layer. The POE was found to selectively transport holes rather than electrons, due to the upshifted surface contact potential of active layer and the better ohmic contact between active layer and electrode. The POE serving as an encapsulating layer is supposed to suppress the penetration of water and oxygen in addition to the diffusion of Ag atoms into active layer. After storing in an air environment with a humidity of approximately 70% for 150 days, the PCE of the device based on PM6:IT-4F with the POE anode interfacial layer decreased from 11.88% to 9.60%, retaining 80.8% of its original PCE value. The device using MoO3 as the anode interfacial layer showed a PCE value that was sharply reduced from 12.31% to 2.98% after storing for only 30 days. The POE could be potentially useful for flexible and large-scale device fabrication, accelerating the commercialization of OSCs.
关键词： stability,polyolefin elastomer,non-fullerene,organic solar cells,interfacial layer
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Newly developed thermoplastic polyolefin encapsulant–A potential candidate for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules encapsulation
摘要： Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) is a newly developed non-crosslinking material for photovoltaic (PV) module lamination as an alternative to ethylene–vinyl-acetate (EVA) encapsulant. This article assesses its applicability as an encapsulant material. We report the results of various characterization tests for discoloration, optical, and thermal properties degradation before and after the UV accelerated test. To evaluate its weathering stability, the UV-365 acceleration test has been conducted on the glass to glass TPO laminate, with EVA as a benchmark. In 50 days of weatherability tests, the transmittance of EVA significantly reduced while TPO remained almost unchanged. The discoloration of TPO is around nine times slower than that of EVA. The analytical tools like Raman spectroscopy, fluorescent imaging, and spectra have been used to assess the degradation behavior, which indicates a clear difference between EVA and TPO based encapsulant. Thermal properties (glass and melt transitions) of TPO and EVA have been studied through heat-cool-heat cycle testing by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). This test confirmed that TPO thermal properties remain almost unchanged, whereas EVA shows significant changes after 50 days of UV exposure. In the thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) results, we found that TPO is stable till a significantly higher temperature than EVA. Additionally, the 180° peel adhesion test suggests that TPO has a higher adhesion strength than EVA. This work will help in understanding the applicability of newly developed non-crosslinking TPO as a potential replacement for EVA for the PV modules.
关键词： Thermoplastic polyolefin,Photovoltaic module,Encapsulant,Non-crosslinking,Ethylene-vinyl-acetate
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Recycled polyolefin as dielectric substrate for patch antennas
摘要： High-performance antennas operating at ultra-high frequency (UHF) are typically designed and fabricated using specialized radio frequency (RF) materials with low loss and consistent properties. This paper proposes and investigates the use of recycled polyolefin (high-density polyethylene and polypropylene) which is not specifically manufactured for RF applications and thus with unknown RF properties, as dielectric substrate for high-performance UHF patch antennas. As a demonstrative application, a polarization-reconfigurable patch antenna with dual feeds is designed and fabricated using adhesive copper foil on recycled polyolefin substrate. Depending on the feed’s magnitude and phase, different types of linear and circular polarizations can be achieved. The point of resonance for both ports is centered at 915 MHz with 10 dB return loss and bandwidth of 28 MHz. Port isolation is as low as ?17 dB with peak linear and circular gain of 7.0 dBi, and 7 dBiC, respectively, observed in all polarizations. The resulting antenna not only performs well, but is also lightweight, low moisture absorbent, mechanically sturdy, inexpensive and ecologically friendly arising from its use of recycled materials.
关键词： microstrip antennas,dielectric materials,polarization-reconfigurable,UHF antennas,dielectric measurements,recycled polyolefin
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A polyolefin encapsulant material designed for photovoltaic modules: from perspectives of peel strength and transmittance
摘要： A secondary master batch process had been applied to design a polyolefin encapsulant material for photovoltaic modules, in which the polymer blend was composed of polyolefin elastomer (POE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with the addition of the cross-linking agent of tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate (TBEC) and silane coupling agent of γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570). The rheological property from Haake torque rheometer illuminated that the chemical cross-linking reaction could take place between the POE and TBEC. The LLDPE was added for further increasing the cohesion of polymer blend by obtaining much more physical cross-linking points from the physical entanglement between the flexible chains of LLDPE and the amorphous zone of POE. However, the transmittance of polymer blend ran down with the rise of LLDPE content within the polymer blend. The number and site of melting points of polymer blend by the DSC analysis show that there was compatibility between the POE and LLDPE within the polymer blend; meanwhile, the resultant molecular structures of the polymer blend also had been explained by the FTIR spectra. These results unanimously illuminated that it was a feasible solution for fabricating the polyolefin encapsulant material for photovoltaic modules.
关键词： Peel strength,Polyolefin elastomer,Transmittance,Polymer blend,Rheological property
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22