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Deep p-ring trench termination: An innovative and cost-effective way to reduce silicon area
摘要： A new type of high voltage termination, namely the 'deep p-ring trench' termination design for high voltage, high power devices is presented and extensively simulated. Termination of such devices consumes a large proportion of the chip size; the proposed design concept not only reduces the termination silicon area required, it also removes the need for an additional mask as is the case of the traditional p+ ring type termination. Furthermore, the presence of the p-ring under and around the bottom of the trench structure reduces the electric field peaks at the corners of the oxide which results in reduced hot carrier injection and improved device reliability.
关键词： Termination,High Voltage,Power Semiconductor Devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A Low Power and Fast Tracking Light-to-Frequency Converter with Adaptive Power Scaling for Blood SpO2 Sensing
摘要： This paper presents a monolithic low power and fast tracking light-to-frequency converter for blood SpO2 sensing. Normally, the tracking speed and the power consumption are two contradictory characteristics. However different gain-bandwidth specifications for various ambient light intensities allow the dynamically optimization of the power consumption according to the light intensity. In this paper, the amplifier power consumption is adaptively scaled by the generated light-intensity-positively-correlated control voltage. Thus, the chip total power consumption at low light intensity is significantly decreased. Moreover, the proposed adaptive power scaling is achieved with a continuous analog domain, which does not introduce extra switching noise. The proposed light-to-frequency sensor chip is fabricated by using 0.35 μm CMOS technology with a die area of 1 × 0.9 mm2. The measurement results show that the pulse light response for any light intensity is no longer than two new output square-wave cycles. The maximum total current consumption is 1.9 mA from a 3.3 V supply voltage, which can be adaptively scaled down to only 0.7 mA if the output frequency is about 25 KHz or lower. The minimum operational supply voltage of the proposed sensor chip is 2.5 V in the temperature range of -25 to 80 oC with 4 KV ESD level (HBM).
关键词： light-to-frequency converter,low power,fast tracking,blood oxygen,biomedical sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Single-Phase Transformer based HF-Isolated Z- Source Inverters with Voltage Clamping Techniques for Solar PV Applications
摘要： In this research article, a new family of impedance source inverters is presented. It employs high frequency electrical isolation between the inverter bridge switches and the load along with voltage clamping across the DC-link voltage. Conventional Z-source inverters (ZSIs) employs an impedance network that consists of inductors and capacitors. It has unique features which realize both step-up/step-down functions and eliminates the need of dead/overlap times. This paper extends this novel concept by using electrical isolation in impedance source inverters. High frequency isolation has many advantages in terms of immunity and reliability; when applied with impedance source inverters this makes ZSIs a preferable choice for industrial applications. In PV systems, the addition of the high frequency transformer provides safety by avoiding the injection of DC circulating current into the grid, without the need of an external bulky line frequency transformer. The gain of the proposed inverter design can be accurately selected by choosing the turns ratio of the HFT or by adjusting the shoot-through duty cycle (STDC) to the inverter. This allows for greater freedom especially when utilizing a higher modulation index, with the STDC allowing dynamic gain adjusts to be done speedily during operation of the inverter. Additionally, a DC-rail voltage clamping technique for the proposed class of isolated ZSIs is also discussed. This technique provides benefits not only in improving the output voltage quality, but also in reducing voltage stress of the active and passive components by minimizing the voltage spikes across the switching devices. In this paper, several high frequency isolated ZSIs are presented, and an example isolated improved ΓZSI design is shown and discussed in detail. Simulations are provided for the proposed class of isolated inverters to verify their working. Further experimental investigation has been done for which results for the isolated improved ΓZSI are reported. These empirical results have largely confirmed the expected benefits that were determined through simulation and accurate model-based testing.
关键词： Single stage power conversion,Higher voltage gain,Impedance source,frequency isolation,High frequency transformers
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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An Efficient Technique using Modified p-q Theory for Controlling Power Flow in a Single-Stage Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV System
摘要： In this paper, an efficient power conditioning unit (PCU) is presented for a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS) incorporating both maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) and current control algorithms in a single-stage. Modified p-q theory is applied to derive the reference signal for a hysteresis band current (HBC) controller so that independently the active and reactive power sharing between the photovoltaic (PV) system and the grid can be controlled. Enhanced stability during the internal dynamics, caused by the variations in PV generation and load conditions, is the prime aspect of the controller. The performance of the proposed p-q theory correlated HBC controller is evaluated against tracking of maximum PV power and compensation of load reactive power under the changeable atmospheric and load conditions, and also compared with the widely used conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller to justify superiority. Simulation and experiment are carried-out under variable weather and different load conditions to validate acceptability of the proposed control scheme.
关键词： modified p-q theory,Single-stage,hysteresis band current (HBC) controller,grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS),power flow controlling
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Dynamic Behavioral Modeling of RF Power Amplifier Based on Time-Delay Support Vector Regression
摘要： A new, dynamic behavioral modeling technique, based on a time-delay support vector regression (SVR) method, is presented in this paper. As an advanced machine learning algorithm, the SVR method provides an effective option for behavioral modeling of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs), taking into account the effects of both device nonlinearity and memory. The basic theory of the proposed modeling technique is given, along with a detailed model extraction procedure. Unlike traditional artificial neural network (ANN) techniques, which take time to determine the best configuration of the model, the SVR method can obtain the optimal model in short time, using the grid-search technique. An example of an optimal SVR model selection applied to an RF PA is also given; the performance of the selected model presents a big improvement when compared with the default SVR model. Experimental validation is performed using an LDMOS PA, a single device gallium nitride (GaN) PA, and a Doherty GaN PA, revealing that the new modeling methodology provides very efficient and extremely accurate prediction. Compared with traditional Volterra models, canonical piecewise linear models, and ANN-based models, the proposed SVR model gives improved performance with reasonable complexity. In addition, it is shown that the model can predict accurately the behavior of the PA under input power levels that are different from those under which it is extracted.
关键词： time delay,radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs),machine learning,Dynamic behavioral model,support vector regression (SVR)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A New Hands-on Course in Characterization of Wide Bandgap Devices
摘要： As wide bandgap (WBG) devices and applications move from niche to mainstream, a new generation of engineers trained in this area is critical to continue the development of the field. This paper introduces a new hands-on course in characterization of WBG devices, which is an emerging and fundamental topic in WBG-based techniques. First, the lecture-simulation-experiment format based course structure and design considerations, such as safety, are presented. Then the necessary facilities to support this hands-on course are summarized, including classroom preparation, software tools, and laboratory equipment. Afterward, the detailed course implementation flow is presented to illustrate the approach of close interaction among lecture, simulation, and experiment to maximize students’ learning outcomes. Finally, grading for students and course evaluation by students are discussed with the findings and potential improvements highlighted. Detailed course materials are provided via potenntial.eecs.utk.edu/WBGLab for educational use.
关键词： electrical engineering education,power electronics,hands-on training,WBG devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Bi-Level Volt-VAR Optimization to Coordinate Smart Inverters with Voltage Control Devices
摘要： Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) uses Volt-VAR optimization (VVO) methods to reduce customer power demand by controlling feeder's voltage control devices. The objective of this paper is to present a VVO approach that controls system's legacy voltage control devices and coordinates their operation with smart inverter control. An optimal power flow (OPF) formulation is proposed by developing linear and nonlinear power flow approximations for a three-phase unbalanced electric power distribution system. A bi-level VVO approach is proposed where, Level-1 optimizes the control of legacy devices and smart inverters using a linear approximate three-phase power flow. In Level-2, the control parameters for smart inverters are adjusted to obtain an optimal and feasible solution by solving the approximate nonlinear OPF model. Level-1 is modeled as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) while Level-2 as a Nonlinear Program (NLP) with linear objective and quadratic constraints. The proposed approach is validated using 13-bus and 123-bus three-phase IEEE test feeders and a 329-bus three-phase PNNL taxonomy feeder. The results demonstrate the applicability of the framework in achieving the CVR objective. It is demonstrated that the proposed coordinated control approach help reduce feeder's power demand by reducing the bus voltages; the proposed approach maintains an average feeder voltage of 0.96 pu. A higher energy saving is reported during the minimum load conditions. The results and approximation steps are thoroughly validated using OpenDSS.
关键词： three-phase optimal power flow,Volt-VAR optimization,distributed generators,smart inverters
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Kalman Filtering Technique for Rooftop-PV System under Abnormal Grid Conditions
摘要： This paper presents a robust extended complex Kalman Filter (RECKF) based control for multifunctional double stage grid-connected solar photovoltaic array (SPVA) system. The main contributions of presented paper, include: 1) real power generation from SPVA fulfils the requirement of the connected loads and it provides the surplus power to the distribution network, 2) it behaves as a distribution static compensator, which performs various functionalities such as grid currents balancing, harmonics mitigation, unity power factor operation, 3) it is capable to operate under polluted grid scenarios such as under voltage, over voltage and imbalanced grid voltages. The SPVA feed-forward term is incorporated in the control technique to enhance the dynamic response of the system. The real coded particle swarm optimization (RCPSO) based metaheuristic approach is used for optimal tuning of the DC link voltage PI (Proportional Integral) controller. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of presented control algorithm under variations in point of common coupling (PCC) voltage. Test results illustrate the behaviour of grid-connected SPVA system subjected to various perturbations such as under voltages, over voltages, distorted and imbalanced grid voltages etc. The THDs (Total Harmonic Distortions) of grid currents are achieved well within recommended limits.
关键词： Power quality,Renewable energy,Solar photovoltaic array,Harmonics,VSC,Optimization
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) - Kobe, Japan (2018.10.22-2018.10.25)] 2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) - Simulation of Photoacoustic Imaging of Red Blood Cell Aggregation Using a Numerical Model of Pulsatile Blood Flow
摘要： Photocatalytic imaging of blood flow using a pulsed laser diode of semiconductor blood flow aggregation and oxygenation saturation (sO2) estimation. During blood flow aggregation, the oxygen saturation of the blood flow is affected by the interaction between red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and the oxygen saturation (sO2) [1-7]. The mechanism of the aggregation is not yet fully understood. To date, two models, namely the bridging and depletion models, are proposed for explaining the kinetics of RBC aggregation [20-21]. Using the proposed models, new efforts have been published to investigate the kinetics of RBC aggregation [22-24]. In this paper, a simple particle motion model in two-dimensional (2D) space was introduced to understand the photothermal imaging of blood flow aggregation from the flow model. The flow model consisted of 125 elements spaced at 10 μm center-to-center, yielding a lateral length of 22.0 mm. The incident laser fluence was less than 10 mJ/cm2, below the safety limit by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for these wavelengths. The photothermal power (PTP) was computed from the flow model at each time step, and the simulated PTP was compared to the measured PTP in vivo. From the comparison, the kinetics of RBC aggregation was studied.
关键词： blood flow,aggregation,photocatalytic imaging,photothermal power,kinetics,red blood cell,oxygenation saturation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW) - Montréal, QC, Canada (2018.6.3-2018.6.7)] 2018 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (Wow) - Modeling and Analysis Methods for the DWPT System Applicated in EVs Charging
摘要： The difficulty of modeling a dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system for Electric Vehicles(EVs) charging is that its mutual inductance changes with the coil offset, so we have to build a dynamic model of the system. In this paper,we propose a modeling method by using equivalent circuit method and state space averaging.Moreover,based on the set of system parameters,comparing the results of the simulation experiment with the result of the model calculation.At last, the performance indexes of the system under the different buck duty cycle are observed. The simulation results of these indexes are also basically consistent with the model calculation results, which further verify the accuracy of the model.At the same time,we found that the selection of duty cycle has a great influence on the performance indexes.
关键词： Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT),Equivalent Circuit Method,Electric Vehicles(EVs),State Space Averaging,Dynamic Model
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52