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Performance evaluation of mode group power coupling for short reach SDM
摘要： The profound understanding of mode coupling in spatial multiplexed optical systems is required for performance optimization purposes. In this contribution different optical coupler technologies are compared with respect to their bit-error rate (BER) performance as multiplex devices in a (2 × 2) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) environment. Therefore, the power coupling coefficients between mode groups for all testbed components are determined at 1327 nm with a method based on impulse response measurements. This method and its refinements are presented in this work. By taking the obtained power coupling coefficients, the MIMO impulse responses are simulated and the corresponding BER performance for different launch parameters is studied. The simulation setup includes single-mode fiber (SMF) to multi-mode fiber (MMF) splices aligned with different radial eccentricities for mode group specific excitation, different multi-mode couplers for mode multiplexing, a 1 km OM4 grade MMF and a multi-mode fusion coupler for demultiplexing. Here, the setup with the customized fusion coupler shows the best BER results in comparison to other coupler technologies. In addition, the optimal choice of the SMF to MMF launch eccentricity highly depends on the implemented coupler technology. Particularly, deviations of 2 μm from the optimal launch setup can lead to a tenfold increase in the BER. It is noteworthy, that the optimal setup does not always include the center launch condition.
关键词： Multi-Mode MIMO,Mode Group Power Coupling,Coupler Technology
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Improvement of the Beam-Wave Interaction Efficiency Based on the Coupling-Slot Configuration in an Extended Interaction Oscillator
摘要： A method aimed at improving the beam-wave interaction efficiency by changing the coupling slot configuration has been proposed in the study of extended interaction oscillators (EIOs). The dispersion characteristics, coupling coefficient and interaction impedance of the high-frequency structure based on different types of coupling slots have been investigated. Four types of coupled cavity structures with different layouts of the coupling slots have been compared to improve the beam-wave interaction efficiency, so as to analyze the beam-wave interaction and practical applications. In order to determine the improvement of the coupling slot to a coupled cavity circuit in an EIO, we designed four nine-gap EIOs based on the coupled cavity structure with different coupling slot configurations. With different operating frequencies and voltages takes into consideration, beam voltages from 27 to 33 kV have been simulated to achieve the best beam-wave interaction efficiency so that the EIOs are able to work in the 2π mode. The influence of the Rb and the ds on the output power is also taken into consideration. The Rb is the radius of the electron beam, and the ds is the width of the coupling slot. The simulation results indicate that a single-slot-type EIO has the best beam-wave interaction efficiency. Its maximum output power is 2.8 kW and the efficiency is 18% when the operating voltage is 31 kV and electric current is 0.5 A. The output powers of these four EIOs that were designed for comparison are not less than 1.7 kW. The improved coupling-slot configurations enables the extended interaction oscillator to meet the different engineering requirements better.
关键词： Output power,Coupling slot configuration,Extended interaction oscillator,Beam-wave interaction efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE SENSORS - Montreal, QC, Canada (2019.10.27-2019.10.30)] 2019 IEEE SENSORS - Power Coupling and Modal Analysis of SPR based Gap Waveguides for Optical Sensing Applications
摘要： In this work, the modal analysis and power coupling analysis of gap plasmon waveguides for use in optical sensing applications is presented. The structure consists of Silver (Ag) metallic waveguides separated by a very small gap distance in the range of less than 100nm on glass substrate. The power coupling analysis is carried out at 1550nm for variations in numerical aperture (NA) of optical source. The modes are coupled to the air gap and results in 4.8% to 12.17% of optical power coupling by using high numerical aperture optical beam.
关键词： Gap-waveguides,Plasmons,Surface plasmon resonance (SPR),Nano-antenna,power coupling
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52