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A Hybrid MMC-Based Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System
摘要： This paper proposes a new configuration and its control strategy for a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage (BES) system. In the MMC-based PV-BES system, each PV submodule is interfaced from its dc side with multiple PV generators using isolated dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converters. One BES system is embedded into each arm of the converter and is connected to the dc port of the associated BES submodule using multiple isolated DAB converters. The embedded BES systems are used to smooth the output power of the PV generators and limit the rate of change of the power delivered to the host grid. Moreover, they enable compensation of power mismatches between the arms and legs of the system by exchanging power with the arms of the converter. The paper then proposes a hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy using a combination of power exchange with the arms of the converter and internal power flow control of the MMC. The proposed hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy employs BES systems and differential currents to compensate power mismatches and transfer power between the arms and legs of the converter, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed power smoothing technique using the embedded BES systems and hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy is demonstrated using time-domain simulations conducted on a switched model of the PV-BES system in PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
关键词： control,modular multilevel converter,power electronics,battery energy storage,photovoltaic,power mismatch,Differential current,energy conversion,integration
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Voltage-Balancer-Based Cascaded DCa??DC Converter With a Novel Power Feedforward Control for the Medium-Voltage DC Grid Interface of Photovoltaic Systems
摘要： DC–DC converters with output-series cascaded submodules (SMs) are required for the medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) grid interface of photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the mis-matched power of PV arrays can cause an imbalance among the output voltages of SMs. In order to address this problem, in this paper, a multi-port cascaded DC–DC converter is established on the basis of a voltage balancer (VB) with a novel power feedforward voltage-balancing control strategy. The converter has multiple input terminals for the PV arrays and an output terminal connected to the MVDC grid. The differential power is regulated from one SM to another through the VB, ensuring that the SM output voltages are equalized. Simulation and experimental results suggest that the proposed converter has an excellent voltage-balancing capacity and dynamic performance.
关键词： Photovoltaic,voltage balancing,power mismatch,MVDC,power feedforward control
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59