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Evaluation of fluorescence biomodulation in the real-life management of chronic wounds: the EUREKA trial
摘要： Objective: Fluorescence biomodulation (FB), a form of photobiomodulation (PBM) that is also known as low energy level light (LELL), has become an increasingly used clinical tool to induce wound healing in wounds that remain recalcitrant to treatment. In a real-life clinical setting, the aim of the EUREKA (EvalUation of Real-lifE use of Klox biophotonic system in chronic wound mAnagement) study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of LumiHeal, a system based on FB, in the treatment of chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers (VLUs), diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and pressure ulcers (PUs). The effects of this FB system on the modulation of wound healing in chronic ulcers through FB induction were previously examined in an interim analysis of this study. Method: A multicenter, prospective, observational, uncontrolled trial in 12 clinical sites in Italy. The wound was cleansed with saline and a 2mm thick layer of a chromophore gel was applied to the affected area in a biweekly regimen. The area was then illuminated with the LED activator for five minutes at a distance of 5cm. Treatment was used in combination with standard of care specific to each type of chronic wound (VLU, DFU, PU). Wound area evaluation was assessed using the Silhouette Imaging System and quality of life (QoL) with the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule (CWIS). A seven-point evaluation of the clinicans’ view was also examined. Results: We enrolled 100 subjects, with the final analysis including 99 patients/ulcers consisting of 52 VLUs, 32 DFUs and 15 PUs. Total wound closure at the end of the study was achieved in 47 patients by aetiology: 26 VLUs (50% of VLUs); 16 DFUs (50% of DFUs); and five PUs (33.3% of PUs). The mean wound area regression at last study assessment was significant for VLUs (41.0%; p<0.001) and DFUs (52.4%; p<0.001). After four weeks of treatment, it was possible to significantly predict if the ulcer would respond (defined as a decrease of wound size) to the study treatment. Adherence was high (95.2%) and no related serious adverse events were reported during the study. QoL significantly improved, with an increase of 15.4% of the total score, using the CWIS (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed a positive efficacy profile of the FB system in inducing the wound healing process in three different types of hard-to-heal chronic wounds. The treatment was shown to be safe and well tolerated by the patients, with a significant improvement in patient QoL. This approach offers an effective modality for the treatment of hard-to-heal chronic ulcers.
关键词： pressure ulcers,phototherapy,photobiomodulation,diabetic foot ulcers,biophotonics,fluorescence biomodulation,venous leg ulcers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Pressure-Driven Reversible Switching between <i>n</i> - and <i>p</i> -Type Conduction in Chalcopyrite CuFeS <sub/>2</sub>
摘要： Temperature-dependent switching between p- and n-type conduction is a newly observed phenomenon in very a few Ag-based semiconductors, which may promote fascinating applications in modern electronics. Pressure, as an efficient external stimulus that has driven collective phenomena such as spin crossover and Mott transition is also expected to initialize a conduction type switching in transition metal based semiconductors. Herein, we report the observation of a pressure-driven dramatic switching between p- and n-type conduction in chalcopyrite CuFeS2 associated with a structural phase transition. Under compression around 8 GPa, CuFeS2 undergoes a phase transition with symmetry breakdown from space group I-42d to I-4 accompanying with a remarkable volume shrinkage of the FeS4 tetrahedra. A high-to-low spin-crossover of Fe2+ (S = 2 to S = 0) is manifested along with this phase transition. Instead of pressure-driven metallization, a surprising semiconductor-to-semiconductor transition is observed associated with the structural and electronic transformations. Significantly, both photocurrent and Hall coefficient measurements confirm that CuFeS2 undergoes a reversible pressure-driven p-n type conduction switching accompanying with the structural phase transition. The absence of cationic charge transfer between copper and iron during the phase transition is confirmed by both X-ray absorption near-edge spectra (Cu/Fe, K-edge) and total-fluorescence-yield X-ray absorption spectra (Fe, K-edge) results, and the valence distribution maintains Cu2+Fe2+S2 in the high pressure phase. The observation of an abrupt pressure-driven p-n type conduction switching in a transition metal based semiconductor paves the way to novel pressure-responsive switching devices.
关键词： High pressure,Magnetic semiconductor,CuFeS2,p-n switching,Spin-crossover
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synthesis of Na <i> <sub/>x</sub></i> MoO <sub/>3</sub> crystals through high pressure solid-state reaction
摘要： We report growth of high-purity single crystals of the sodium molybdenum bronzes NaxMoO3 through high pressure solid-state reaction routes. Our results demonstrate that the crystallite sizes of NaxMoO3 can rapidly grow to ～25 μm under a moderate pressure of 4.0 GPa in just 10 min. This discovery provides a starting point for the growth of large single crystals of alkali metal molybdenum bronzes under high pressure.
关键词： High pressure,molybdenum bronze,reaction
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Theoretical model and experimental analysis of non-uniform material removal during full-aperture polishing
摘要： Full-aperture polishing is a key process in the fabrication of large flat optical elements with a high-precision surface figure. Controlling of the surface figure, which is primarily dependent on the material removal distribution, during the polishing process is challenging. In this study, a novel model is proposed to calculate the material removal distribution and the resultant surface figure. The model determines the material removal amount of points on the workpiece by considering the kinematic parameters and pressure distribution along the sliding trajectory relative to the pad. Moreover, the pressure distribution during the polishing process is acquired from the mechanical and morphological characteristic of polishing pad. With this model, the final surface figures under several polishing conditions were simulated and were found to be in close agreement with the experimental results.
关键词： Full-aperture polishing,Surface figure,Pressure distribution,Material removal distribution
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Genotoxicity assay and potential byproduct identification during different UV-based water treatment processes
摘要： Formation of genotoxic byproducts during different ultraviolet (UV) -related water/wastewater treatment processes (including medium pressure (MP) UV oxidation, LP UV oxidation, chlorination, biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment, H2O2 oxidation, and two or more combined processes) was investigated by Ames fluctuation test using Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 with and without rat liver enzyme extract S9. Byproducts responsible for genotoxicity were identified. The results showed that MP UV can induce mutagenicity and LP UV treatment does not induce mutagenicity. H2O2 oxidation could degrade part of genotoxic compounds. Compared with chlorination, BAC treatment is more effective in removing genotoxicity. Mutagenicity was found mostly in samples tested with TA100 instead of TA98, especially with TA100 without S9, indicating that guanosine and/or cytosine adducts contribute to mutation or toxicological effects in MP UV treated samples. Potential genotoxic byproducts were selected, most of which were nitrogenous organic compounds with more than 10 carbon atoms. Nitrosamines and histidine were excluded from potential genotoxic candidates. The results could contribute to evaluation of mutagenicity of various UV-based water treatment processes.
关键词： nitrogenous organic compounds,genotoxic by-products,Ames test,genotoxicity,medium pressure ultraviolet (MP UV) treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of selenium partial pressure on the performance of Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 solar cells
摘要： Sputtering followed by selenization is one of the most common methods for preparing CZTSSe thin films. However, the influence of selenium partial pressure on the crystallinity of the CZTSSe film has been rarely reported. In this study, CZTSSe thin films were prepared by selenization using quartz tubes of different lengths. The influence of Se saturated vapor pressure and temperature on the structure, composition, optical, and electrical properties of CZTSSe films and solar cells was analyzed and these results were used to optimize the performance of the CZTSSe film. It was found that the maximum partial pressure of selenium was 22,542 Pa when the selenization process was carried out in a quartz tube with a length of 30 cm, which largely improved the structural and electrical properties of CZTSSe. However, quartz tube with an over-short length would bring strong partial pressure during selenization, which resulted in a generation of secondary phases. Finally, CZTSSe thin-film solar cell with a maximum efficiency of 3.27% was obtained at an optimal selenium partial pressure of 22542 Pa.
关键词： CZTSSe,thin-film solar cells,selenium partial pressure,selenization
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Monte Carlo Simulation of Laser-Ablated Particle Splitting Dynamic in a Low Pressure Inert Gas
摘要： A Monte Carlo simulation method with an instantaneous density dependent mean-free-path of the ablated particles and the Ar gas is developed for investigating the transport dynamics of the laser-ablated particles in a low pressure inert gas. The ablated-particle density and velocity distributions are analyzed. The force distributions acting on the ablated particles are investigated. The in?uence of the substrate on the ablated-particle velocity distribution and the force distribution acting on the ablated particles are discussed. The Monte Carlo simulation results approximately agree with the experimental data at the pressure of 8 Pa to 17 Pa. This is helpful to investigate the gas phase nucleation and growth mechanism of nanoparticles.
关键词： Monte Carlo simulation,instantaneous mean-free-path,ablated particles,transport dynamic,low pressure
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Focusing on surgical and laser advances in glaucoma management
摘要： Introduction: Lowering the IOP remains the mainstay treatment to stop the progression of glaucoma. Different modalities can be used to achieve this including IOP lowering medications, laser, and surgeries. Nowadays, minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries and newer lasers are becoming more popular due to their safety profile, and their efficacy, allowing the patients to be less dependent on life long medications and substituting more invasive procedures as trabeculectomy, and shunt operations. Areas covered: This review will go through how lasers and surgery are used to lower the IOP, and the newest techniques, and modalities used to achieve this. Expert opinion: the authors of this review believe that in five years’ time lasers and minimally invasive glaucoma procedures will replace eye drops and surgeries like trabeculectomy and shunt procedures.
关键词： cyclophotocoagulation,trabeculectomy,shunt procedures,minimally invasive glaucoma procedures,non-penetrating glaucoma procedures,laser Trabeculoplasty,Intraocular pressure
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Low cost flexible pressure sensor using laser scribed GO/RGO periodic structure for electronic skin applications
摘要： Considering electronic skin applications, a pressure sensor based on periodic structure of graphene oxide-reduced graphene oxide (GO-rGO) has been designed and fabricated based on a low cost direct laser writing technique by utilizing the laser diode of DVD drive’s pickup head. The optimization of sensor structure has been performed using computational modelling through Finite Element Method (FEM) in the COMSOL environment. The optimized structure is fabricated based on the deposition of thin layer of GO on the surface of Kapton and the pattering is performed by laser irradiation. The fabricated sensor structure has been characterized structurally and functionally. The results show that the fabrication method is successful in the formation of periodic structure of GO-rGO and the sensor has an acceptable response in the range of 1.5–40 kPa.
关键词： COMSOL,Pressure sensor,Laser scribed,Electronic skin,Graphene oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Low-Temperature (<40 ?°C) Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge-Jet Treatment on Nickel Oxide for pa??ia??n Structure Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： A scan-mode low-temperature (<40 °C) atmospheric-pressure helium (He) dielectric-barrier discharge jet (DBDjet) is applied to treat nickel oxide (NiO) thin films for p?i?n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Reactive plasma species help reduce the trap density, improve the transmittance and wettability, and deepen the valence band maximum (VBM) level. A NiO surface with the lower trap density surface of NiO allows better interfacial contact with the MAPbI3 layer and increases the carrier extraction capability. MAPbI3 can better crystallize on a more hydrophilic NiO surface, thereby suppressing charge recombination from the grain boundary and the interface. Further, the deeper VBM allows better band alignment and reduces the probability of nonradiative recombination. NiO treatment using He DBDjet with a scan rate of 0.3 cm/s can improve PSC efficiency from 13.63 to 14.88%.
关键词： atmospheric-pressure,perovskite solar cells,low-temperature,dielectric-barrier-discharge-jet,nickel oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57