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Absolute density measurement of hydrogen atom in inductively coupled Ar/H2 plasmas using vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy
摘要： The absolute density measurement of atomic species such as hydrogen is crucial for plasma processing because of their strong chemical reactivity. In this work, to measure the hydrogen atom density in Ar/H2 inductively coupled plasmas (ICP), the self-absorption-applied vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (VUVAS) is studied with a micro-hollow cathode H2/He discharge lamp (MHCL) emitting VUV light (Lyman alpha line; Lα 121.56 nm). The absolute density of hydrogen atoms in the ICP is investigated for various powers (50 W–850 W) in the low pressure region (30 mTorr–50 mTorr). The hydrogen density in remote plasma region is shown to vary from 2.1 × 1011 cm?3 to 1.25 × 1012 cm?3 with respect to plasma power.
关键词： VUV absorption spectroscopy,Low-pressure,Self-absorption,Hydrogen atom density,inductively coupled plasma
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhanced current density of anatase TiO2 nanowire arrays by interface connection modulation in flexible quantum dot sensitized solar cells
摘要： The stability and photovoltaic conversion efficiency are very important issues for the industry application of flexible solar cells, which have been seriously limited by the interface connection of basic photo-electrodes in solar cells. Here, one-dimensional TiO2 nanowire arrays films were employed as photo-electrodes of flexible solar cells, which have modulated interface connection of the photo-electrodes by introducing small size of nanoparticles and heating pressure process. The charge generation and separation properties of photo-electrodes have been influenced, which may be attributed by the changes on band energy of small size of nanoparticles in photo-electrodes. With the improvement on the interface connection in the photo-electrodes, the charge transfer property has been effectively improved, which have exhibited a higher current density value of the solar cells, achieving photovoltaic conversion efficiency enhancement from 2.55% to 3.90%. Moreover, there have no obvious changes on the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of these flexible QDSSCs solar cells under the curling condition.
关键词： Anatase TiO2 nanowire arrays,Flexible quantum dot sensitized solar cell,Interface connection,Photovoltaic performance enhancement,Small size of nanoparticles,Heating pressure
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Lasera??Printed, Flexible Graphene Pressure Sensors
摘要： While the outstanding properties of graphene have attracted a lot of attention, one of the major bottlenecks of its widespread usage is its availability in large volumes. Laser printing graphene on polyimide films is an efficient single-step fabrication process that can remedy this issue. A laser-printed, flexible pressure sensor is developed utilizing the piezoresistive effect of 3D porous graphene. The pressure sensors performance can be easily adjusted via the geometrical parameters. They have a sensitivity in the range of 1.23 × 10?3 kPa and feature a high resolution with a detection limit of 10 Pa in combination with an extremely wide dynamic range of at least 20 MPa. They also provide excellent long-term stability of at least 15 000 cycles. The biocompatibility of laser-induced graphene is also evaluated by cytotoxicity assays and fluorescent staining, which show an insignificant drop in viability. Polymethyl methacrylate coating is particularly useful for underwater applications, protecting the sensors from biofouling and shunt currents, and enable operation at a depth of 2 km in highly saline Red Sea water. Due to its features, the sensors are a prime choice for multiple healthcare applications; for example, they are used for heart rate monitoring, plantar pressure measurements, and tactile sensing.
关键词： laser printing,graphene,flexible devices,wearables,piezoresistive materials,pressure sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Petapascal Pressure Driven by Fast Isochoric Heating with a Multipicosecond Intense Laser Pulse
摘要： Fast isochoric laser heating is a scheme to heat matter with a relativistic intensity (> 1018 W=cm2) laser pulse for producing an ultrahigh-energy-density (UHED) state. We have demonstrated an efficient fast isochoric heating of a compressed dense plasma core with a multipicosecond kilojoule-class petawatt laser and an assistance of externally applied kilotesla magnetic fields for guiding fast electrons to the dense plasma. A UHED state of 2.2 PPa is achieved experimentally with 4.6 kJ of total laser energy that is one order of magnitude lower than the energy used in the conventional implosion scheme. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation confirmed that diffusive heating from a laser-plasma interaction zone to the dense plasma plays an essential role to the efficient creation of the UHED state.
关键词： magnetized fast isochoric heating,petapascal pressure,Fast isochoric laser heating,ultrahigh-energy-density state,multipicosecond intense laser pulse
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus medication for open-angle glaucoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
摘要： background The only widely accepted, effective treatment for open- angle glaucoma (OAG) is to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP), with medical therapy being the typical first- line therapy. Notably, an alternative therapy is selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), which is safe and effective in lowering the IOP. Nonetheless, whether SLT could replace medication as the first- line therapy for OAG is still under debate. Methods Studies involving randomised controlled trials conducted before August 2019 that compared the efficacy of SLT- related and medication- only treatments for OAG were selected from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology was employed to rate the quality of the body of evidence. results 1229 patients in eight trials were included. The overall results revealed no significant differences between SLT- related and medication- only treatments regarding the IOP reduction (mean difference (MD): 0.18, 95% CI ?0.72 to 1.07, p=0.70, I2=73%) and the success rate of IOP control (risk ratio: 1.02, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.04, p=0.74, I2=0%). The SLT- related therapy group required significantly fewer medications compared with the medication- only group (MD: ?1.06, 95% CI ?1.16 to ?0.96, p<0.0000, I2=5%). A quantitative analysis was not performed concerning adverse events and quality of life because of the limited data available. Conclusion SLT is safe and has a lower incidence of ocular side effects. SLT can be the choice of first- line therapy for OAG. However, clinicians should consider the cost- effectiveness, as well as the patient’s characteristics, before deciding on the therapeutic option.
关键词： selective laser trabeculoplasty,intraocular pressure,meta-analysis,medication,open-angle glaucoma
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Characteristics of ion beams generated in the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with ultra-thin foils
摘要： Experiments investigating ion acceleration from laser-irradiated ultra-thin foils on the GEMINI laser facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory indicate a transition to ‘Light Sail’ Radiation Pressure Acceleration when using circularly polarized, high contrast laser pulses. This paper complements previously published results with additional data and modelling which provide information on the multispecies dynamics taking place during the acceleration, and provides an indication on expected scaling of these processes at higher laser intensities.
关键词： ion-acceleration,carbon,radiation pressure
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Predictors of Success in Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
摘要： Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a common procedure to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. However, reports are conflicting regarding what factors contribute to SLT success. The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of SLT success. A total of 997 eyes from 677 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 70.2±11.5 years. Selective laser trabeculoplasty success was achieved in 227 eyes (22.8%), whereas 770 eyes (77.2%) did not meet success criteria. Intraocular pressure before SLT was 21.9±5.2 mmHg while taking 2.0±1.2 medications in eyes with successful SLT, compared with 19.0±5.0 mmHg (P < 0.0001) while taking 2.1±1.3 medications (P = 0.52) in eyes with SLT failure. At the 1-year follow-up, mean IOP in eyes with SLT success was 14.7±3.2 mmHg with 2.0±1.2 medications, compared with 16.3±4.7 mmHg (P = 0.008) with a mean of 1.9±1.3 medications (P = 0.37) in eyes with SLT failure. Eyes with SLT success more often showed greater angle pigment (P = 0.03). Age, glaucoma severity, total SLT power, type of glaucoma, severity of glaucoma, visual field mean defect, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were not found to correlate with success. No difference was found between the rate of success based on treatments before SLT, whether surgical or medical. In this large cohort of eyes undergoing SLT, greater IOP and angle pigment before SLT correlated positively with SLT success. Age, total SLT power, severity of glaucoma, and prior treatments were not associated with SLT success or failure.
关键词： intraocular pressure,predictors of success,glaucoma,Selective laser trabeculoplasty
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[OSA Optical Fiber Communication Conference - San Francisco, California (2014..-..)] Optical Fiber Communication Conference - Biorthogonal Modulation in 8 Dimensions Experimentally Implemented as 2PPM-PS-QPSK
摘要： The influence of ambient air species especially humidity is an ever-present challenge for atmospheric pressure plasma jet applications. Especially, where the plasma-induced effects are extremely sensitive to humidity, such as in the field of plasma medicine, an understanding of the influence of ambient species diffusion on plasma chemistry and on reactive component composition is crucial. In this paper, we investigate the influence of ambient humidity versus feed gas humidity on the production of reactive components by atmospheric pressure plasma jets. By the use of a shielding gas curtain, we control the surrounding atmosphere around the active effluent region of the investigated argon RF-plasma jet the ambient gas. By quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy, the effect of diffusing surrounding molecular species on the chemistry of the long-living reactive oxygen species is investigated. Mechanisms of H2O2 and O3 production are studied. In this paper, we have quantified the influence that ambient species, namely, water molecules, have on the reactive species’ generation in the gas phase. It is shown that the effect of ambient humidity is important for the long-living species production, feed gas humidity, however, has the much stronger effect. Finally, with the focus of applications in plasma medicine, the cell viability of human skin cells (HaCaT keratinocytes) as a function of feed gas and ambient gas humidity is compared.
关键词： Ambient humidity,plasma medicine,feed gas humidity,atmospheric pressure plasma jet,cell viability,plasma chemistry
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICPICS) - Shenyang, China (2019.7.12-2019.7.14)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICPICS) - Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on CLAHE and Sparse Representation
摘要： The influence of ambient air species especially humidity is an ever-present challenge for atmospheric pressure plasma jet applications. Especially, where the plasma-induced effects are extremely sensitive to humidity, such as in the field of plasma medicine, an understanding of the influence of ambient species diffusion on plasma chemistry and on reactive component composition is crucial. In this paper, we investigate the influence of ambient humidity versus feed gas humidity on the production of reactive components by atmospheric pressure plasma jets. By the use of a shielding gas curtain, we control the surrounding atmosphere around the active effluent region of the investigated argon RF-plasma jet the ambient gas. By quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy, the effect of diffusing surrounding molecular species on the chemistry of the long-living reactive oxygen species is investigated. Mechanisms of H2O2 and O3 production are studied. In this paper, we have quantified the influence that ambient species, namely, water molecules, have on the reactive species’ generation in the gas phase. It is shown that the effect of ambient humidity is important for the long-living species production, feed gas humidity, however, has the much stronger effect. Finally, with the focus of applications in plasma medicine, the cell viability of human skin cells (HaCaT keratinocytes) as a function of feed gas and ambient gas humidity is compared.
关键词： plasma chemistry,atmospheric pressure plasma jet,feed gas humidity,Ambient humidity,plasma medicine,cell viability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dealing with Climate Parameters in the Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells under Ambient Conditions
摘要： Although perovskite solar cells have demonstrated impressive efficiencies in research laboratories (above 25%), there is a need for experimental procedures to fabricate solar cells under ambient conditions to substantially decrease manufacturing costs. Nevertheless, to achieve efficient and highly stable devices in these conditions, the moisture level in the atmosphere must be monitored. The relative humidity (RH) has classically been the parameter of choice; however, in this work we show that the parameter of relevance is the absolute content of water measured in the form of partial water vapour pressure (WVP). To highlight the importance of this parameter, we demonstrate that small changes in ambient temperature at the same RH result in huge changes in solar cell performance. This is due to the non-linear dependence of the WVP on temperature (according to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation), and explains the dispersion of results found in the literature for devices nominally made at the same ambient RH levels. To illustrate this critical effect, we have deposited MAPbI3 perovskite films at different WVP values, which were derived from the climate parameters, RH and laboratory temperature, present during fabrication (not controlled). Hence, we adapt the fabrication method to the ambient conditions by monitoring the WVP, which allows for the fabrication of MAPbI3 based devices with efficiencies of up to 18.2% outside the glove box. In fact, we have extended the procedure to accomplish high-efficiency FA0.83MA0.17PbI3 devices under ambient conditions by adjusting the DMSO proportion in the perovskite precursor solution to the WVP.
关键词： Water Vapor Pressure,High Efficiency,Perovskite solar cells,Clausius-Clapeyron equation,Ambient Conditions
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57