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Potential of ITO thin film for electrical probe memory applications
摘要： Electrical probe memory has received considerable attention during the last decade due to its prospective potential for the future mass storage device. However, the electrical probe device with conventional diamond-like carbon capping and bottom layers encounters with large interfacial contact resistance and difficulty to match the experimentally measured properties, while its analog with titanium nitride capping and bottom layers also faces serious heat dissipation through either probe and silicon substrate. Therefore, the feasibility of using indium tin oxide (ITO) media for the capping and bottom layers of the electrical probe device is investigated by tailoring the thickness and electrothermal properties of the ITO capping and bottom layers within experimentally established range and subsequently calculating the resultant temperature at several predefined points based on a previously developed three-dimensional model. To meet the required temperature and to fit the experimentally reported values, the thickness, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of the ITO capping and bottom layers are found to be 5 nm, 103 Ω?1 m?1, 0.84 W m?1 K?1, and 200 nm, 1.25 × 106 Ω?1 m?1, 0.84 W m?1 K?1, respectively. The practicality of using this optimized device to achieve ultrahigh density, ultralow energy consumption, ultrafast switching speed, low interfacial contact resistance, and high thermal reliability has also been demonstrated.
关键词： modeling,ITO,electrical probe,phase-change,optimization
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Comparison of Different High-Resolution Soil Moisture Products Across an Agricultural Landscape in South-Eastern Australia
摘要： A number of satellite missions have the capability to provide surface soil moisture information at a range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the validation of such products heavily relies on point measurements from permanent stations, which may or may not be representative of the larger scale soil moisture conditions. Hence, methods need to be developed that allow the sampling of surface soil moisture on the ground across large scales over a reasonably short time scale, in order to capture the spatial variability within a footprint, or to provide spatially sufficiently large data sets to validate high-resolution products, be they at their native resolution or downscaled. In this study, two field-scale ground sampling techniques, namely stationary and roving Cosmic Ray Probes, are compared against a high-resolution satellite product. The data are compared for their temporal performance as well as with a focus on capturing the correct spatial variability. The challenge is the inherently different sensing depth of the various technologies. It is shown that this may largely be overcome through scaling the products.
关键词： Soil moisture,satellite product validation,cosmic ray probe
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT) - Coimbatore (2018.4.20-2018.4.21)] 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT) - Design of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Inserting of Shorting Pins
摘要： This report proposes that for high bandwidth circular polarization microstrip patch antenna along with single-feed is used. On the orthogonal, diagonal of the patch radiator set of pins are placed symmetrically, shorting pins bring Shunt inductive effect. To enhance the electrical size of the patch resonator and to optimize its bandwidth and other parameters in this MPA (microstrip patch antenna) the resonating frequency of the is the progressive tune-up. The maximum disputed mode bandwidth of circular polarization investigates the optimal inserting position. A single pair of internal pins is moderately moved to neatly divide the two disputed modes to get CP radiation. LHCP (left hand circular polarization) or RHCP (right hand circular polarization) perhaps got by varying the feed position along the x and y-axis. After executing extensive analysis, simulation outcomes exhibit a good correspondence and hence prove that the bandwidth is improved from 23MHz to 46MHz, displaying 23MHz (100%) enhancement.
关键词： set of shorting pins,circular polarization,high bandwidth MPA,single probe feed
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Pump-Probe Nanoscopy by Means of Transient Absorption Saturation
摘要： In this paper, we present a method to perform super-resolution label-free optical microscopy by means of the saturation of the transient absorption process. We developed a novel and easy-to-implement setup based on a commercial confocal microscope. We demonstrate the imaging capability by looking at single layer graphene (SLG) deposited on a glass surface via chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Exploiting near-infrared femtosecond pulsed laser beams and saturation of the transient absorption, we can reach a resolution below λ/10 nm.
关键词： absorption saturation,nanoscopy,NIR,pump-probe,STED,graphene
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Electroluminescence and contact formation of 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-3-(quinolin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline thin films
摘要： Contact formation was investigated for the recently introduced organic light emitting molecule 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-3-(quinolin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline (PCIC) by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) during physical vapor deposition (PVD). The hole conductors poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), as well as the electron conductor bathocuproine (BCP) were used. Different growth modes were found for PCIC films and charge carrier injection barriers were identified. Based on these findings, electroluminescent layer structures with an imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline were prepared for the first time and effects of contact formation on radiative recombination were studied. Depending on the chosen contact material, blue PCIC electroluminescence or significantly red-shifted emission presumably caused by electroplex formation could be obtained. Using PCIC in a host-guest system within a matrix of PVK and 1,3-bis[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-[1,3,4]oxadiazolyl]benzene (Oxd-7), led to blue emission at improved luminescence. The studied interactions of PCIC with typical contact materials reveal the potential and limitations to use PCIC as an electroluminescent material.
关键词： Kelvin probe force microscopy,Electroluminescence,Contact formation,Organic light-emitting diode
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Comparison of Radioiodine uptake by Gamma Camera and Thyroid uptake probe-based methodologies and Diagnostic Radioiodine Scan in Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
摘要： Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to make a quantitative comparison of 72‐hrs neck uptake calculated by gamma camera–based and thyroid uptake probe–based methods after administration of low‐dose (111‐148 MBq) of 131I capsule in thyroid carcinoma follow‐up patients who have already been treated with 131I. Methods: The study group consists of 46 patients, of whom 14 were male (average 47.5 yrs) and 32 were female (average 38 yrs). All patients already had undergone thyroidectomy followed by 131I treatment at least once and came to the institute after 6 months for follow‐up. As per the institutional protocol the patients had their 131I neck uptake and whole‐body scan at 72 hours, the uptake value evaluated by both uptake probe and camera‐based method using medium‐energy parallel‐hole collimator. Result: Amongst a total of 46 patients, (i) neck uptake was negative in 24 patients by both probe‐based (0.1% as cut‐off as per institutional protocol) and camera‐based methodologies and the scan, (ii) while positive in 10 patients by both the methods which was supported by scan finding.(iii) In further 10 cases thyroid uptake by probe‐based uptake method showed (with 0.1% as cut‐off) positive while camera‐based uptake and scan finding were negative. In most of these cases scatter radiation contribution due to high non‐target counts were found to be high. (iv) In two patients, thyroid uptake by probe‐based method showed<0.1% where camera‐based neck uptake and scan finding were positive for neck uptake. Thus, in 34 out of 46 patients (74%), both methods were found concordant, while in 12 out of 46 patients (26%), the uptakes were discordant with 0.1 % as the cut‐off for probe‐based uptake. Based upon the exploratory analysis of the results obtained, we propose camera‐based neck uptake of 0.03% to be the cut‐off for positive neck uptake. In the subgroup of patients with negative scan and systemic metastases in the vicinity of neck (n=7), an uptake cutoff of 0.1% resulted in positive results in 85.7%. All patients had true negative results with camera‐based cut‐off of 0.03%. Based upon the analysis of these discordant results (between probe‐based uptake method and scan), we further proposethe cut‐off for positivity of the 131I uptake value by thyroid uptake probe‐based method to be considered as 0.2% rather than 0.1% in orderto reduce false positivity with appropriate correlation with scan findings. Conclusion:Thus, in patients of thyroid carcinoma, camera‐based uptake during 131I LDS canalso be reliableas conventional thyroid uptake probe‐based method and can be used as a substitutein evaluating neck uptake calculation in patients with functioning metastases in the vicinity of neck or non‐specific high physiological accumulation.
关键词： Differentiated thyroid carcinoma,thyroid uptake probe,camera based neck uptake,Radioiodine
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A dual-responsive fluorescent probe for detection of fluoride ion and hydrazine based on test strips
摘要： Hydrazine (N2H4) and fluoride ion (F-) are regarded as environmental pollutants and potential carcinogens. A dual-functional fluorescent probe (probe 1) was developed for both F- and N2H4 with high selectivity and sensitivity. 1 was based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction for N2H4 detection and selective cleavage of 4-nitrobenzenesulphonyl group for the determination of F-. The limits of detection of probe for F- and N2H4 were 77.82 nM and 29.34 nM, respectively, which are far below the threshold limit value (TLV) of United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The home-made test strips of 1 provided the positive tool for F- and gaseous N2H4 in different system. And the confocal fluorescence images indicated that 1 can quantitatively detect N2H4 in living PC12 cells. Promisingly, 1 has great prospects for N2H4 imaging and determining in living system.
关键词： Living cells,Fluoride ion,Dual-functional fluorescent probe,Hydrazine,Home-made test strips
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Rapid, Specific, and Ultrasensitive Fluorogenic Sensing of Phosgene through an Enhanced PeT Mechanism
摘要： We report the design of an enhanced PeT-based fluorogenic phosgene probe 1-CN comprising a BODIPY fluorescence reporter, and a catechol quencher at the meso-position acting as the phosgene reaction site. The fluorescent catechol-derived probe 1-CN specifically reacts with phosgene to result in a cyclic carbonate ester. The fast (< 3 s) reaction suppresses a reductive PeT quenching process, leading to a fluorescence turn-on signal (up to ca. F/F0 ~ 1300). The high sensitivity (LOD = 24 pM) of the probe is achieved by the precise adjustment of the energy levels of the frontier orbitals involved in the PeT.
关键词： BODIPY,Phosgene,Fluorescent turn-on probe,Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT),Sensing
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A series of BODIPY-based probes for the detection of cysteine and homocysteine in living cells
摘要： Biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys), are important biomarkers and play crucial roles in many physiological processes. Thus, the detection of biothiols is highly important for early diagnosis of diseases and evaluation of disease progression. Herein, new types of BODIPY-based fluorescent probes (probe 1, probe 2 and probe 3) capable of cysteine (Cys)/homocysteine (Hcy) sensing with high selectivity over other amino acids were developed. In addition, we further studied the influence of different electronegativity substituents on these probes to sensing Cys/Hcy. Ultimately, we concluded that the electron withdrawing group on probe 1 can accelerate the probe response to Cys/Hcy, and probe 1 was successfully applied for selective imaging Cys/Hcy in living cells.
关键词： cysteine,homocysteine,fluorescent probe,BODIPY
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Structural Dynamics of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Aqueous Solutions Investigated by Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy: Using Thiocyanate Anion as a Local Vibrational Probe
摘要： The microscopic structure of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) aqueous solutions was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and ultrafast IR spectroscopy. The structural dynamics of the binary mixtures were reflected by using thiocyanate anion (SCN-) as a local vibrational probe. FTIR spectra of SCN- anion showed the hydrogen bond networks of water are affected by the presence of DMSO molecules, and the peak position and bandwidth of SCN- anions are red-shifted and narrowed accordingly due to the weak hydration in the binary mixture. The vibrational lifetime of the SCN- anion showed almost linear enhancement with the increase of DMSO, which can be explained by the weak interaction between SCN- and the hydrophobic groups in DMSO molecule. However, the rotational dynamics of SCN- are slowing down significantly and showed a maximum response at XDMSO (mole fraction) of 0.35, which is mainly caused by the confinement of SCN- anions positioned in the vicinity of the complex structure formed between DMSO and water molecules. The concentration dependent rotational dynamics of water molecules and SCN- anions are having similar behavior, indicated that the complex structure can be formed between water and DMSO molecules due to the strong interaction. The result also demonstrates that the structural inhomogeneity in aqueous solution can be unraveled by monitoring the vibrational relaxation dynamics of SCN- anion serving as the local vibrational probe.
关键词： structural dynamics,thiocyanate anion,FTIR spectroscopy,Dimethyl sulfoxide,ultrafast IR spectroscopy,aqueous solutions,vibrational probe
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36