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Arterial Stiffness Assessment by Shear Wave Elastography and Ultrafast Pulse Wave Imaging: Comparison with Reference Techniques in Normotensives and Hypertensives
摘要： Shear wave elastography and ultrafast imaging of the carotid artery pulse wave were performed in 27 normotensive participants and 29 age- and sex-matched patients with essential hypertension, and compared with reference techniques: carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) determined via arterial tonometry and carotid stiffness (carPWV) determined via echotracking. Shear wave speed in the carotid anterior (a-SWS) and posterior (p-SWS) walls were assessed throughout the cardiac cycle. Ultrafast PWV was measured in early systole (ufPWV-FW) and in end-systole (dicrotic notch, ufPWV-DN). Shear wave speed in the carotid anterior appeared to be the best candidate to evaluate arterial stiffness from ultrafast imaging. In univariate analysis, a-SWS was associated with carPWV (r = 0.56, p = 0.003) and carotid-to-femoral PWV (r = 0.66, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, a-SWS was independently associated with age (R2 = 0.14, p = 0.02) and blood pressure (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.004). Moreover, a-SWS increased with blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle and did not differ between normotensive participants and patients with essential hypertension when compared at similar blood pressures.
关键词： Hypertension,Vascular ultrasound,Arterial stiffness,Pulse wave velocity,Shear wave elastography,Ultrafast imaging,Echotracking
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Pulse Wave Imaging in Carotid Artery Stenosis Human Patients in Vivo
摘要： Carotid stenosis involves narrowing of the lumen in the carotid artery potentially leading to a stroke, which is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Several recent investigations have found that plaque structure and composition may represent a more direct biomarker of plaque rupture risk compared with the degree of stenosis. In this study, pulse wave imaging was applied in 111 (n = 11, N = 13 plaques) patients diagnosed with moderate (>50%) to severe (>80%) carotid artery stenosis to investigate the feasibility of characterizing plaque properties based on the pulse wave-induced arterial wall dynamics captured by pulse wave imaging. Five (n = 5 patients, N = 20 measurements) healthy volunteers were also imaged as a control group. Both conventional and high-frame-rate plane wave radiofrequency imaging sequences were used to generate piecewise maps of the pulse wave velocity (PWV) at a single depth along stenotic carotid segments, as well as intra-plaque PWV mapping at multiple depths. Intra-plaque cumulative displacement and strain maps were also calculated for each plaque region. The Bramwell(cid:3)Hill equation was used to estimate the compliance of the plaque regions based on the PWV and diameter. Qualitatively, wave convergence, elevated PWV and decreased cumulative displacement around and/or within regions of atherosclerotic plaque were observed and may serve as biomarkers for plaque characterization. Intra-plaque mapping revealed the potential to capture wave re?ections between calci?ed inclusions and differentiate stable (i.e., calci?ed) from vulnerable (i.e., lipid) plaque components based on the intra-plaque PWV and cumulative strain. Quantitatively, one-way analysis of variance indicated that the pulse wave-induced cumulative strain was signi?cantly lower (p < 0.01) in the moderately and severely calci?ed plaques compared with the normal controls. As expected, compliance was also signi?cantly lower in the severely calci?ed plaques regions compared with the normal controls (p < 0.01). The results from this pilot study indicated the potential of pulse wave imaging coupled with strain imaging to differentiate plaques of varying stiffness, location and composition. Such ?ndings may serve as valuable information to compensate for the limitations of currently used methods for the assessment of stroke risk. (E-mail: ek2191@columbia.edu) ? 2018 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. All rights reserved.
关键词： Arterial wall elasticity maps,Arterial wall motion,Atherosclerosis,Pulse wave velocity,Pulse wave imaging,High-frame-rate ultrasound,Calci?ed plaque,Arterial compliance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 XIV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE) - Novosibirsk, Russia (2018.10.2-2018.10.6)] 2018 XIV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE) - Up-to-Date Thermal Imaging Systems in the Multichannel Automated Measurements
摘要： A highly informative methodology, the essence of which is to obtain the parameters of an object under study by means of the data synchronous acquisition from several measurement channels, predominantly based on different physical principles, infrared thermography (IRT) as a leading research tool included in such a multichannel (multimodal) measuring system is considered in some detail. The IRT-aided multichannel approach is demonstrated with studying the physiological characteristics in humans. The measurement synchronism of different technical means is realized by the computerization and automation of the experiment. The programmable microcontroller ESP32 served as main operating and readout unit. With a time resolution of 100-200 measurements per second, the experimental data were obtained. It made it possible to reveal the human physiological characteristics as follows: the extremities temperature change, pulse waves and their velocity in the radial artery, breathing dynamics, blood pressure evaluated in two different regimes of brachial cuff air filling – inflation and deflation. The brachial cuff inflation also served as external interventional impact on the organism. It is found that, after the brachial artery cross-clamping, the pulse wave velocity in the radial artery is capable of doubling in comparison with that measured before compression. It is shown that the multimodal technology is a promising means in modern experimental science.
关键词： SEIRT,blood pressure measurement,breathing dynamics,experiment automation,multichannel (multimodal) measurements,pulse wave velocity,Infrared thermography,thermal imaging,programmable microcontroller,pulse wave,computer-aided measurements
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14