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Twelve commandments of radiology: guidance on the use of imaging in clinical practice
摘要： The requesting of radiological investigations is frequently devolved to the ward-based doctors in training. In a National Health Service system that is regularly over capacity, radiological investigations are an expensive commodity often over-used or poorly targeted by doctors. By considering the following ‘Commandments of Radiology’; doctors could target imaging more appropriately, resulting in higher quality information and hence, better patent care and value for money.
关键词： radiology,imaging,commandments,clinical practice
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effectiveness of a novel real-time dosimeter in interventional radiology: a comparison of new and old radiation sensors
摘要： Radiation dose management is important in interventional radiology (IR) procedures, such as percutaneous coronary intervention, to prevent radiation-induced injuries. Therefore, radiation dose should be monitored in real time during IR. This study evaluated the fundamental characteristics of a novel real-time skin dosimeter (RTSD) developed at our institution. In addition, we compared the performance of our new and old radiation sensors and that of a skin dose monitor (SDM), with ion chamber reference values. We evaluated the fundamental characteristics (e.g., energy dependence, dose dependence, and angular dependence) of the RTSD developed by us in the diagnostic X-ray energy range. The performance of our RTSD was similar to that of the SDM. In particular, the new radiation sensor of our RTSD demonstrated better dose rate dependence compared to the old sensor. In addition, the new sensor had the advantage of being small in size and thus minimally affecting the X-ray images compared to the old sensor. Therefore, the developed skin dosimeter and radiation sensor may be useful in real-time measurement of patients’ exposure to and multi-channel monitoring of radiation in IR procedures. The new dosimeter system can be recommended for visualization and management of the radiation dose to which the patients’ skin is exposed.
关键词： Radiation dose,Real-time skin dosimeter,Interventional radiology,Radiation skin injuries
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Diagnostic Reference Levels for Diagnostic and Interventional X-Ray Procedures in Germany: Update and Handling
摘要： Purpose Recent developments in medical technology have broadened the spectrum of X-ray procedures and changed exposure practice in X-ray facilities. For this reason, diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for diagnostic and interventional X-ray procedures were updated in 2016 and 2018, respectively. It is the aim of this paper to present the procedure for the update of the DRLs and to give advice on their practical application. Materials and Methods For the determination of DRLs, data from different independent sources that collect dose-relevant data from different facilities in Germany were considered. Seven different weight intervals were specified for classifying pediatric X-ray procedures. For each X-ray procedure considered, the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of the respective national distribution of the dose-relevant parameters were determined. Additionally, effective doses that correspond to the DRLs were estimated. Results In procedures with already existing DRLs before 2016, the values were lowered by circa 20 % on average. Numerous DRLs were established for the first time (9 for interventional procedures, 10 for CT examinations). Conclusion For dose optimizations even below the new national DRLs, the BfS recommends establishing local reference levels, using dose management software (particularly in CT and interventional radiology), adapting dose-relevant parameters of X-ray protocols to the individual patient size, and establishing internal radiation protection teams responsible for optimizing X-ray procedures in clinical practice. When applying good medical practice and using modern equipment, the median dose values of the nationwide dose distributions can not only be easily achieved but can even be undercut.
关键词： pediatric X-ray examinations,diagnostic and interventional radiology,patient exposure,dose optimization and reduction,diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The Role of the Integrated Digital Radiology System in Assessing the Impact of Patient Load on Emergency Computed Tomography (CT) Efficiency
摘要： Time-critical management is of particular significance in the trauma and emergency setting, where intervals from patient arrival to diagnostic imaging and from imaging to radiology report are key determinants of outcome. This study, based in the Trauma and Emergency Unit of a large, tertiary-level African hospital with a fully digital radiology department, assessed the impact of increased workload on computerised tomography (CT) efficiency. Sequential, customised searches of the institutional radiology information system (RIS) were conducted to define two weekends in 2016 with the lowest and highest emergency CT workloads, respectively. The electronic RIS timestamps defining the intervals between key steps in the CT workflow were extracted and analysed for each weekend. With the exception of radiologist reporting time, workflow steps were significantly prolonged by increased workload. This study highlights the potential role of the integrated digital radiology system in enabling a detailed analysis of imaging workflow, thereby facilitating the identification and appropriate management of bottlenecks.
关键词： Trauma CT,Imaging workflow,Picture archiving and communication system,Radiology information system,Radiologist report turnaround time,Emergency CT
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Integrating Digital Pens in Breast Imaging for Instant Knowledge Acquisition
摘要： Future radiology practices assume that the radiology reports should be uniform, comprehensive, and easily managed. This means that reports must be readable to humans and machines alike. In order to improve reporting practices in breast imaging, we allow the radiologist to write structured reports with a special pen on paper with an invisible dot pattern. In this way, we provide a knowledge-acquisition system for printed mammography patient forms for the combined work with printed and digital documents. In this domain, printed documents cannot be easily replaced by computer systems because they contain free-form sketches and textual annotations, and the acceptance of traditional PC reporting tools is rather low among the doctors. This is due to the fact that current electronic reporting systems significantly add to the amount of time it takes to complete the reports. We describe our real-time digital paper application and focus on the use case study of our deployed application. We think that our results motivate the design and implementation of intuitive pen-based user interfaces for the medical reporting process and similar knowledge work domains. Our system imposes only minimal overhead on traditional form-filling processes and provides for a direct, ontology-based structuring of the user input for semantic search and retrieval applications, as well as other applied artificial intelligence scenarios, which involve manual form-based data acquisition.
关键词： digital pens,structured reporting,radiology reports,knowledge acquisition,breast imaging,artificial intelligence
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Evaluation of synergistic effects of the single walled carbon nanotube and CeO2-hybrid based-nanocomposite against X-ray radiation in diagnostic radiology
摘要： Unwanted exposure during irradiation in diagnostic procedures can be very harmful to health. Researchers have done extensive studies on heavy metals and their composites to prevent or reduce this risk. However, the disadvantages, such as high weight, rigidity or toxicity, limit the use of heavy metals. So far, great efforts have been devoted to designing and manufacturing lightweight /effective protective coatings that could attenuate or absorb radiation. In this regard, polymer composites are considered as potent materials. In the present study, the protective properties of polydimethylsiloxane hybrid nanocomposites containing single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) have been evaluated. The exposure tests on these coatings were performed by a diagnostic X-ray machine in the radiology department of the Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital. To evaluate the amount of attenuation, beam intensity was measured at two narrow and broad beam geometries (NBG & BBG). The measurement procedures were well chosen according to the related Standards. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) was applied in order to investigate the nanocomposite morphology and dispersion properties of nanoparticles. Thermal stability and chemical composition of the nanocomposites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. FTSEM images and elemental analysis proved that nanoparticle showed excellent dispersion into the polymeric matrix. The attenuation improved significantly compared to the polydimethylsiloxane pure coating. The rate of attenuation increases with increasing nanoceria percentage and ultimately the hybrid sample has a better efficiency than the sample with a similar percentage of the nanoceria.
关键词： nanoceria,Radiation protection,diagnostic radiology,polydimethylsiloxane
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Artificial intelligence and medical imaging 2018: French Radiology Community white paper
摘要： The rapid development of information technology and data processing capabilities has led to the creation of new tools known as artificial intelligence (AI). Medical applications of AI are emerging, and the French radiology community felt it was therefore timely to issue a position paper on AI as part of its role as a leader in the development of digital projects. Essential information about the application of AI to radiology includes a description of the available algorithms with a glossary; a review of the issues raised by healthcare data, notably those pertaining to imaging (imaging data and co-variables, metadata); a look at research and innovation; an overview of current and future applications; a discussion of AI education; and a scrutiny of ethical issues. In addition to the principles set forth at the Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI, the French radiology community has developed ten principles aimed at governing the use and development of AI tools in a manner that will create a concerted approach centered on benefits to patients, while also ensuring good integration within clinical workflows. High-quality care in radiology and opportunities for managing large datasets are two avenues relevant to the development of a precision, personalized, and participative radiology practice characterized by improved predictive and preventive capabilities.
关键词： Technology,Principle-based ethics,Artificial intelligence,Radiology
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Technical and clinical overview of deep learning in radiology
摘要： Deep learning has been applied to clinical applications in not only radiology, but also all other areas of medicine. This review provides a technical and clinical overview of deep learning in radiology. To gain a more practical understanding of deep learning, deep learning techniques are divided into five categories: classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, image processing, and natural language processing. After a brief overview of technical network evolutions, clinical applications based on deep learning are introduced. The clinical applications are then summarized to reveal the features of deep learning, which are highly dependent on training and test datasets. The core technology in deep learning is developed by image classification tasks. In the medical field, radiologists are specialists in such tasks. Using clinical applications based on deep learning would, therefore, be expected to contribute to substantial improvements in radiology. By gaining a better understanding of the features of deep learning, radiologists could be expected to lead medical development.
关键词： Radiology,Deep learning,Artificial intelligence,AI,Review,Neural network
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Artificial Intelligence in Breast Imaging: Potentials and Limitations
摘要： The purpose of this article is to discuss potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in breast imaging and limitations that may slow or prevent its adoption. The algorithms of AI for workflow improvement and outcome analyses are advancing. Using imaging data of high quality and quantity, AI can support breast imagers in diagnosis and patient management, but AI cannot yet be relied on or be responsible for physicians’ decisions that may affect survival. Education in AI is urgently needed for physicians.
关键词： computer-aided detection and diagnosis,machine and deep learning,artificial intelligence in breast imaging,artificial intelligence in radiology,artificial neural networks
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Comparison of Image Quality between Mammography Dedicated Monitor and UHD 4K Monitor, Using Standard Mammographic Phantom: A Preliminary Study
摘要： Purpose: Using standard mammographic phantom images, we compared the image quality obtained between a mammography dedicated 5 megapixel monitor (5M) and a UHD 4K (4K) monitor with digital imaging and communications in medicine display, to investigate the possibility of clinical application of 4K monitors. Materials and Methods: Three different exposures (autoexposure, overexposure and underexposure) images of mammographic phantom were obtained, and six radiologists independently evaluated the images in 5M and 4K without image modulation, by scoring of fibers, groups of specks and masses within the phantom image. The mean score of each object on both monitors was independently analyzed, using t-test and interobserver reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of SPSS. Results: The overall mean scores of fiber, group of specks, and mass in 5M were 4.25, 3.92, and 3.28 respectively, and scores obtained in 4K monitor were 3.81, 3.58, and 3.14, respectively. No statistical difference was seen in scores of fiber and mass between the two monitors at all exposure conditions, but the score of group of specks in 4K was statistically lower in the overall (p = 0.0492) and in underexposure conditions (p = 0.012). The ICC for interobserver reliability was excellent (0.874). Conclusion: Our study suggests that since the mammographic phantom images are appropriate with no significant difference in image quality observed between the two monitors, the 4K monitor could be used for clinical studies. Since this is a small preliminary study using phantom images, the result may differ in actual mammographic images, and subsequent investigation with clinical mammographic images is required.
关键词： Mammography,Phantoms, Imaging,Radiologists,Radiology Information Systems
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36