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Integrated sizing of hybrid PV-wind-battery system for remote island considering the saturation of each renewable energy resource
摘要： The proliferation of renewable energy particularly the combination of solar-wind power and storage bank, is likely to be occupied throughout the world, to mitigate the local energy concerns, improve the energy supply opportunities for off-grid communities and vitiate environmental pollution concerns as well as ease the intensity of energy consumption. To mitigate the disharmony between renewable energy (RE) generation and supply, a cost-optimal autonomous hybrid renewable energy system is developed and comparatively analyzed, considering the saturation level of each involved RE source based on various technical and economic key indicators. This study proposes a mathematical model to comprehensively analyze the effect of varying saturation, i.e. increasing the saturation of one resource meanwhile decreasing the ratio of other resource, on battery bank size, state of charge (SOC), loss of power supply, excess energy, net present cost, levelized cost of energy (COE) and payback time. A saturation factor is introduced, from 0 to 1 value with step size 0.02, where zero represents the wind-only system and one represents the solar-only system. Three different systems are considered, with different wind turbine sizes (total 150 configurations), to comparatively analyze the different energy systems and the result reveals that smaller wind turbine size (2 kW) with 90% saturation of wind energy is the most cost-effective system for the proposed remote island. In addition, the solar-alone and wind-alone systems are compared, showing that the wind-only system can provide good performance as compare to solar-only. Furthermore, the effects of the saturation factor on COE, battery bank size, SOC, excess energy, system reliability and different load demands are analyzed. Energy balance analysis of whole year and simulation performance of the system is accomplished to verify the system reliability. Sensitivity analysis reveals that wind energy, battery cost and load has a significant impact on COE than other factors.
关键词： Hybrid Renewable system reliability,Cost of energy,Net present cost,Renewable energy saturation,Energy balance,Solar-wind-battery system
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM) - Chengdu (2018.3.26-2018.3.28)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM) - A Novel Band-Notched UWB Conformal Antenna Combined with the Method of Circuitry
摘要： A real-time latching controller with consideration of wave force prediction is developed and applied to a heaving point-absorber to maximize its energy absorption. The control scheme is based on the combination of optimal command theory and first order-one variable grey model GM(1,1). By forecasting the wave forces in the near future, the control action at the next instant is deduced. Simulation results show that the energy absorption is increased due to the real-time controller. Therefore, the developed real-time controller is applicable to an industrial wave energy converter (WEC) in random waves. The effect of wave force prediction deviation is also examined. It is shown that the control efficiency is reduced in the presence of prediction deviation.
关键词： wave energy converter,wave force prediction,renewable energy,optimal command theory,energy absorption,real-time latching control
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The bright side of PV production in snow-covered mountains
摘要： Our work explores the prospect of bringing the temporal production profile of solar photovoltaics (PV) into better correlation with typical electricity consumption patterns in the midlatitudes. To do so, we quantify the potential of three choices for PV installations that increase production during the winter months when electricity is most needed. These are placements that favor (i) high winter irradiance, (ii) high ground-reflected radiation, and (iii) steeper-than-usual panel tilt angles. In addition to spatial estimates of the production potential, we compare the performance of different PV placement scenarios in urban and mountain environments for the country of Switzerland. The results show that the energy deficit in a future fully renewable production from wind power, hydropower, and geothermal power could be significantly reduced when solar PV is installed at high elevations. Because the temporal production patterns match the typical demand more closely than the production in urban environments, electricity production could be shifted from summer to winter without reducing the annual total production. Such mountain installations require significantly less surface area and, combined with steeper panel tilt angles, up to 50% of the winter deficit in electricity production can be mediated.
关键词： panel tilt,seasonal energy gap,renewable energy,photovoltaic,surface reflectance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Expansion of the Supply of Solar Energy and Cost Cutting of Housing Programs for Low-Income and Middle Class Families
摘要： The purpose of this article to reconcile two public policy objectives: to provide housing for low-income families (through the expansion of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My Home, My Life) Program) with reduction of costs, and to expand the supply of renewable (solar) energy to dilute the harmful effects on the environment of the excessive use of energy from hydroelectric and thermal sources. The idea is not new, as similar programs already exist in Germany that invests heavily in solar power. What is encouraging is the amplitude of solar power generation that can be achieved in Brazil. Solar energy accounts for 40% of the global energy mix as opposed to Brazil’s share of 0.01%, showing enormous potential for expansion, as we are blessed with considerable year-round solar energy, unlike countries with very unstable weather conditions. We show that the cost to install solar panels and batteries for a low-income three-member family with the sale of surplus energy to a power distribution concessionaire represents an approximate increase of R$ 48,000 on the total amount that they already pay for their home loan. However, these families will actually pay around 40% of the funding, as the balance is deducted from the surplus value generated by the photovoltaic system. The total generation of solar energy would reach 164TWh with this program — today it is 11MWh —, climbing steeply from a 0.01% share in the composition of the mix to over 31% of the national power generation. This proposal also provides an increase in the disposable income of families participating in housing programs and reduces the subsidy for housing programs.
关键词： reduction of subsidies for affordable housing,solar energy,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Pay-As-You-Go financing: A model for viable and widespread deployment of solar home systems in rural India
摘要： Decentralised Solar Home Systems (SHSs) are established as an effective strategy to connect the ‘last mile’ without electricity access and leapfrog communities to clean energy solutions. According to the World Bank, the Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) model has emerged as one of the effective commercially viable solutions to provide decentralised energy access to rural and remote communities in developing nations. The paying ability of households is a critical challenge for energy enterprises, and PAYG, with its easy payment schemes makes solar units affordable and allows households to gradually own these systems. The model also offers user training, ongoing maintenance, and service blocking functionality that minimises investment risk. The PAYG model has demonstrated huge success in Sub-Saharan Africa where Kenya pioneered the model as a cost competitive modern alternative for kerosene. One in five people in India lack access to electricity, and grid-connected rural communities often face frequent blackouts. With the advancement in distributed solar technologies and growing penetration of the mobile telecommunications network in India, PAYG could advance into a successful model to electrify communities living off the grid. Our analysis involves a two-dimensional approach where a systematic review of PAYG literature including case studies from Kenya and India was performed, followed by three expert interviews to further augment learnings and opportunities to deploy PAYG SHSs in India. This analysis finds that India's socio-political context seems suited for increased PAYG penetration, including utilising the opportunity provided by the country's Unified Payments Interface. This paper offers insights for practitioners and policymakers to consider the PAYG model to deploy clean electricity to households and rural micro-enterprises.
关键词： Public-private partnership,Decentralised renewable energy,Flexible repayment,Energy access,Rural electrification,Pay-As-You-Go model (PAYG)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Battery lifetime enhancement via smart hybrid energy storage plug-in module in standalone photovoltaic power system
摘要： Standalone photovoltaic power system is one of the feasible solutions in rural electri?cation. However, due to the intermittent nature of solar energy and signi?cant demand variations due to small load size, energy storage devices are needed to ensure power quality and reliability. Lead-acid battery bank has been widely used in such systems to act as the intermediate bu?er to compensate the power mismatch between generation and demand, despite the poor lifetime characteristics and relatively short service life compared to other energy storage devices. Most charge controllers only provide basic battery charging functionality and prevent the battery bank from overcharging and deep-discharging. While other notable aging factors such as frequent charge-discharge transition, high C-rate and surge power are often neglected. This paper presents a smart hybrid energy storage plug-in module that aims to enhance the service life of Lead-acid battery in standalone photovoltaic-battery power systems by mitigating life-limiting factors such as current ?uctuations and surge current. This module is designed as a plug-in module that can be adopted directly in existing infrastructure in installed standalone PV-battery power system. The e?ectiveness of the proposed plug-in module in mitigating battery stresses is simulated in Matlab Simulink with actual solar irradiance data and estimated load pro?le for a rural community in Sarawak Malaysia. The simulation results are validated experimentally with the scaled-down photovoltaic-battery power system. The e?ectiveness in mitigating battery stress is quantitatively evaluated with battery health cost function, while the reduction in overall battery cost is analyzed and discussed.
关键词： Renewable energy,Hybrid energy storage system,Photovoltaic,Supercapacitor,Lead-acid battery,Li-ion battery
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Design and optimization of grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances
摘要： Modeling, simulation, and optimization methods are used in the present study to design grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances for residential buildings. The principal objective of this study is to design a renewable energy system to serve the electric load of super-efficient appliances with high penetration of renewable resources and low greenhouse gas emissions and cost of energy. Hourly calculations using optimization method are used to study the daily and yearly performance and the cost of the renewable energy systems. A comparison between the performance of the grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems using conventional and super-efficient appliances in Dubai is presented. The comparison includes the total power production from the solar PV system, the power purchased from the grid, the extra power sold to the utility grid, the power used to meet the electrical load of the appliances, the excess power, the renewable fraction, the greenhouse gas emissions, and the levelized cost of energy. The results of the simulation show that the integration of super-efficient appliances powered with the grid-tied solar power system is a good option to control the energy consumption of the residential buildings and to reduce the cost of electricity and greenhouse gas emissions: low building energy consumption (reduction by half of the electrical power consumption: from 62.91 to 30.78 kWh/day using super-efficient appliances); all the electrical power demand for the building is met without shortage; the power systems produce low excess power (0.29–1.82%) compared to the off-grid power system; all the extra power from the solar PV is sold back to the grid to reduce the cost of energy, high renewable fraction (68% of the total energy served to the load is produced from solar PV), low-cost of electricity (12% reduction of the cost of energy compared to the utility grid), and low greenhouse gas emissions (45–51% reductions of the CO2, NOX, and SO2 emissions compared to the conventional electrical appliances).
关键词： Grid-tied solar PV,Off-grid solar PV,Super-efficient appliances,Energy efficiency,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 21st International Multi-Topic Conference (INMIC) - Karachi, Pakistan (2018.11.1-2018.11.2)] 2018 IEEE 21st International Multi-Topic Conference (INMIC) - Optimum Unit Sizing of Stand-Alone PV-WT-Battery Hybrid System Components Using Jaya
摘要： Renewable energy sources (RESs) are considered as reliable and green electric power generations. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) are used to provide electricity in remote areas. The optimum unit sizing of hybrid RESs components is a vital challenge in a stand-alone system. This paper presents Jaya algorithm for optimum unit sizing of a PV-WT-Battery hybrid system to fulfill the consumer’s load at minimal cost. The reliability of the system is considered by a maximum allowable loss of power supply probability (LP SPmax). The results obtained from the Jaya algorithm show that the PV-WT-Battery hybrid system is the most economical and cost-effective solution for all proposed LP SPmax values as compared to PV-Battery and WT-Battery systems.
关键词： Unit sizing,optimization,renewable energy sources,energy storage system,LPSP
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Current-Fed Quasi Z-Source Inverter Based PV Distributed Generation Controller
摘要： Recently, the renewable photovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG) enjoys a rapid growth globally due to the advancement in solar systems and power electronics technologies. However, the intermittent nature of solar radiation and performance of the attached power converters, inevitably poses some challenges to the power grids integrated large-scale solar-farms (SF). These challenges include frequency oscillations, voltage variation and power quality issues. To overcome these problems, this study proposes a Current-Fed quasi Z-source Inverter (CF-qZSI) as an alternative converter for distribution generation controllers to facilitate the integration of a PV energy source into a weak power system. The detailed model of the CF-qZSI-based distribution controller (CqZDC) and its control system are developed. The dynamic performance of the CqZDC device is evaluated to validate different objectives using an actual field data and RTDS simulation platform.
关键词： frequency stability,current source inverter,wide band gap devices,Accommodation of renewable energy resources,power quality improving,facilitating of distributed electricity generations
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Smart Lighting Systems as a Demand Response Solution for Future Smart Grids
摘要： Massive deployment of distributed and intermittent renewable energy sources cause instability in the power system because of the mismatch between the power generation and load consumption. In order to solve this problem, smart loads embedded with modern power electronic converters and communication devices are being developed. They are able to communicate with the utility and perform automatic demand response. In this paper, we propose a smart light-emitting diode (LED) driver for lighting. This smart LED driver adjusts its electricity usage in response to the utility without the expense of human visual comfort. To achieve this goal, a new control method is developed and a typical rate of change of LED power is determined through conducting a series of visual assessments with interviewees. An experimental smart LED driver is built to validate the new control method. Experimental report from the visual assessments has confirmed that the proposed control method can significantly reduce the light flickering caused by change of LED power.
关键词： Smart lighting,demand response,renewable energy,smart grid
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52