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Longitudinal Changes in Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error Among Children With Preschool Myopia
摘要： PURPOSE. Preschool myopia generally indicated a high risk of progression to high myopia. However, no previous study has reported its longitudinal evolution. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in preschool myopia and explore the associated key determinants. METHODS. Medical records of patients seeking refractions at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Mean rates of change in spherical equivalent (SE) refractive errors were evaluated in patients with preschool myopia. Association between the rate of change in SE and patient characteristics at the initial visit were examined using linear mixed-effect regression models. RESULTS. A total of 495 cases (median initial age: 5.12 years, interquartile range [IQR], 4.12–5.76 years) were assessed with at least 2-year follow-up. The initial median SE was (cid:2)3.00 D (IQR, (cid:2)5.25 to (cid:2)1.75 D) and the median duration of follow-up was 3.69 years (IQR, 2.89–4.99 years). On average, myopia progressed by (cid:2)0.59 6 0.47 D/year. A total of 312 (63.0%) children demonstrated myopia progression (mean rate of change in SE (cid:3) (cid:2)0.50 D/year in either eye) and 177 (35.8%) children demonstrated refraction stability (mean rate of change < 60.50 D/year in both eyes). Older age (b ? (cid:2)0.06, P ? 0.003), female sex (b ? (cid:2)0.09, P ? 0.035), and initial lower myopic SE (b ? (cid:2)0.07, P < 0.001) were associated with faster myopia progression. CONCLUSIONS. Preschool myopia on average progresses, although considerable proportion of subjects demonstrates longitudinal refraction stability. The rate of myopia progression is associated with initial patient characteristics.
关键词： preschool myopia,risk factor,progression
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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ICRU report?91 on prescribing, recording, and reporting of stereotactic treatments with small photon beams; ICRU-Bericht 91 über die Verschreibung, Aufzeichnung und Dokumentation von stereotaktischen Behandlungen mit kleinen Photonenfeldern;
摘要： The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) report 91 with the title “prescribing, recording, and reporting of stereotactic treatments with small photon beams” was published in 2017. This extensive publication covers different relevant aspects of stereotactic radiotherapy such as small field dosimetry, accuracy requirements for volume definition and planning algorithms, and the precise application of treatment by means of image guidance. Finally, recommendations for prescribing, recording and reporting are given.
关键词： Organs at risk,Stereotactic radiotherapy,Radiotherapy planning, computer-assisted,Stereotactic body radiation therapy,Stereotactic radiosurgery
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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P1774Effect of early pitavastatin therapy on coronary fibrous-cap thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography in patients with acute coronary syndrome: the ESCORT study
摘要： Coronary artery disease in young adults is rare, but it is in an increasing trend. However, the risk factors are largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that hyperuricemia is associated with coronary artery disease, but the relationship in young adults is unknown. In this article, we hope to explore the effect of hyperuricemia on coronary artery disease in young adults less than 35 years old. In this retrospective study,we consecutively included young adults (aged 18–35 years old) undergoing coronary angiography in our institution from January 2005 to December 2015. Patients with coronary angiography showed that luminal diameter stenosis≥50% in any of the major epicardial coronary arteries were considered as CAD. The severity of CAD was assessed by gensini score. We tested for interactions between uric acid (hyperuricemia or normouricemia) and other traditional risk factors on the coronary artery disease. The interaction effect on the presence of CAD in young adults was analyzed with multi-variate logistic regression analyses. The relationship between hyperuricemia and CAD in young adults was analyzed with multi-variate regression. 1203 patients (1129 male and 74 female) were included in this study. 790 of young adults were confirmed as having coronary artery disease. The hyperuricemia was present in 35.41% of patients. The multivariate analysis identified hyperuricemia was not independent for the presence of CAD. We furtherly found that the interaction between hyperuricemia and smoking achieved statistical significance for the present of CAD (p=0.0109).In non-smokers, hyperuricemia was an independent risk factor for the presence of CAD (odds ratio [OR]=1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.06–3.21, P=0.0293). Multivariate analysis identified hyperuricemia was an independent risk factor for the severity of CAD in young adults (odds ratio [OR]=8.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.18–15.71, p=0.0231). In young adults (≤35 years old), hyperuricemia is significantly associated with the presence of CAD in non-smokers. Hyperuricemia has strong correlation with the severity of coronary artery disease in young adults (≤35 years old).
关键词： Coronary artery disease,risk factors,hyperuricemia,smoking,young adults
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Evaluation of the Vegetation Optical Depth Index on Monitoring Fire Risk in the Mediterranean Region
摘要： Monitoring live fuel moisture content (LFMC) in Mediterranean area is of great importance for fire risk assessment. LFMC has extensively been estimated based on optical remote sensing data. But the latter can be affected by atmospheric effects. As a complementary data source, microwave data can be used as they are relatively insensitive to atmospheric effects. Yet further evaluations are needed to investigate the potential of microwave observations to monitor LFMC. In this study, we assess the capability of long-term microwave vegetation optical depth (VOD) to capture the temporal variability of in situ measured LFMC in 14 Mediterranean shrub species in southern France during 1996-2014. Microwave-derived VOD at X band (VODX-15) displayed a high sensitivity to LFMC with correlation coefficients of 0.56. Similar evaluations were made using four optical indices computed from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), visible atmospheric resistant index (VARI), normalized difference water index (NDWI). The comparisons showed that VARI performs better than VODX-15 and other optical indices with highest median of correlation coefficients of 0.65. Overall, this study shows that passive microwave-derived VOD, are efficient proxies for LFMC of Mediterranean shrub species and could be used along with optical indices to evaluate fire risks in the Mediterranean region.
关键词： vegetation optical depth,fire risk,microwave remote sensing,live fuel moisture content
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Evaluating the Risk Factors of Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Complications with Nd-YAG Laser Toning Using LASSO-Based Algorithm
摘要： The neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser is used for removal of pigmented skin patches and rejuvenation of skin. However, complications such as hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and petechiae can occur after frequent treatments. Therefore, identifying the risk factors for such complications is important. The development of a multivariable logistic regression model with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) is needed to provide valid predictions about the incidence of post inflammatory hyperpigmentation complication probability (PIHCP) among patients treated with Nd-YAG laser toning. A total of 125 female patients undergoing laser toning therapy between January 2014 and January 2016 were examined for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) complications. Factor analysis was performed using 15 potential predictive risk factors of PIH determined by a physician. The LASSO algorithm with cross-validation was used to select the optimal number of predictive risk factors from the potential factors for a multivariate logistic regression PIH complication model. The optimal number of predictive risk factors for the model was five: immediate endpoints of laser (IEL), α-hydroxy acid (AHA) peels, Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FSPT), acne, and melasma. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70–0.88) in the optimal model. The overall performance of the LASSO-based PIHCP model was satisfactory based on the AUC, Omnibus, Nagelkerke R2, and Hosmer–Lemeshow tests. This predictive risk factor model is useful to further optimize laser toning treatment related to PIH. The LASSO-based PIHCP model could be useful for decision-making.
关键词： LASSO,laser toning,PIHCP,risk factors,post inflammatory hyperpigmentation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Dental lasers: principles and practice of safety
摘要： Lasers have great potential to improve treatment and are being increasingly used in dentistry. Patients, practice staff and visitors need to be protected from their potentially harmful effects on the skin and eyes, so dental staff need to understand and apply safety principles.
关键词： risk assessment,safety principles,Dental lasers,protective eyewear,skin and eye protection
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Xiamen, China (2019.12.17-2019.12.20)] 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Design of Electromagnetic Metasurfaces for Directional Scattering in High Temperature Environment
摘要： The focus of this paper was on ?nding wrist sensor-derived features for detecting highly acute fall risk from the sit-to-stand transitions performed in a non-ambulatory environment. Furthermore, the in?uence of the dominant and non-dominant hand on these features was investigated. A cohort of 174 older subjects was monitored for seven consecutive days in their home setting by using inertial sensors attached at the wrist. Based on the reported falls during a one-month follow-up phase, two groups were de?ned. Twenty-one time and frequency domain features were implemented for the quantitative assessment of extracted sit-to-stand transitions. The statistical analysis yielded two features that could convincingly distinguish fallers from non-fallers for the dominant hand, and six for the non-dominant hand. A novel feature, energy of the applied support during standing up, showed statistically good performance independently of on which hand the sensor node was worn, as well as for the dominant and non-dominant hand (p < 0.014, p < 0.027, and p < 0.020, respectively). This paper overcomes limitations of clinical tests and shows a reliable application of wrist-worn bands in terms of assessment of highly acute fall risk. In addition, it reveals the sit-to-stand transition as a potential assessment source for the wrist-worn devices in the elderly population. Early assessment of the risk of falling in a widely accepted and non-stigmatized manner has the ability to bring crucial changes in fall prevention strategies, reducing the number of falls and the fall rate.
关键词： transitions in daily activities,Elderly population,fall risk assessment,inertial sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Participation of photovoltaic power producers in short-term electricity markets based on rescheduling and risk-hedging mapping
摘要： Optimal bidding that considers different electricity market floors can increase the financial gains of photovoltaic (PV) power producers. However, the current approach to trading PV power essentially consists of committing to sell the forecasted PV generation. To analyze profits and investigate new business opportunities for PV power producers, this paper proposes two novel stochastic programming-based methods for scheduling and rescheduling for trading the PV generated energy in day-ahead and intraday electricity markets. Risk-hedging is also considered in terms of co-optimizing the expected profit with the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) metric. As a consequence of the structure and organization of the market floors and due to different market windows, rescheduling is necessary to exploit the most recent information. Updated rescheduling progressively reveals actual profits or losses, risk-hedging possible engagement in business transactions, and the final effect of strategic bidding. A case study in the Spanish electricity market based on actual data is presented. The analysis of the case study shows the influence of the three market floors (day-ahead, intraday, and imbalance), the participation in multiple intraday sessions, risk-hedging, and rescheduling on the profits of the PV producer.
关键词： Day-ahead market,Intraday market,Conditional value-at-risk,PV power producer,Strategic bidding,Balancing market
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly realistic simulation for robot-assisted hypothalamic hamartoma real-time MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)
摘要： Purpose Real-time MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a challenging procedure due to its technical complexity, as well as the need for efficient multidisciplinary teamwork and transfer of an anesthetized patient between operating room (OR) and magnetic resonance (MR). A highly realistic simulation was developed to design the safest process before being applied to real patients. In this report, authors address the description of the methodology used for this simulation and its purposefulness. Methods The entire image planning, anesthetic, and surgical process were performed on a modified pediatric simulation mannequin with a brain made of medical grade silicone including a hypothalamic hamartoma. Preoperative CT and MR were acquired. Stereotactic insertion of the optical fiber was assisted by the Neuromate? stereotactic robot. Laser ablation was performed with the Medtronic Visualase? MRI-guided system in a 3T Phillips Ingenia? MR scanner. All the stages of the process, participants, and equipment were the same as planned for a real surgery. Results No critical errors were found in the process design that prevented the procedure from being performed with adequate safety. Specific proposals for team positioning and interaction in patient transfers and in MR room were validated. Some specific elements that could improve safety were identified. Conclusion Highly realistic simulation has been an extremely useful tool for safely planning LITT, because professionals were able to take actions in the workflow based not on ideas but on lived experiences. It contributed definitively to build a well-coordinated surgical team that worked safely and more efficiently.
关键词： Robotic surgery,Patient safety,Pediatric epilepsy surgery,Risk management,Laser ablation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 26th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD) - Kyoto, Japan (2019.7.2-2019.7.5)] 2019 26th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD) - Partially green small molecule solar cells
摘要： This paper presents a novel energy-management method for a microgrid that includes renewable energy, diesel generators, battery storage, and various loads. We assume that the microgrid takes part in a pool market and responds actively to the electricity price to maximize its pro?t by scheduling its controllable resources. To address various uncertainties, a risk-constrained scenario-based stochastic programming framework is proposed using the conditional value at risk method. The designed model is solved by two levels of stochastic optimization methods. One level of optimization is to submit optimal hourly bids to the day-ahead market under the forecast data. The other level of optimization is to determine the optimal scheduling using the scenario-based stochastic data of the uncertain resources. The proposed energy management system is not only bene?cial for the microgrid and customers, but also applies the microgrid aggregator and virtual power plant. The results are shown to prove the validity of the proposed framework.
关键词： microgrid,Controllable load,risk management,smart grid,stochastic optimization,electricity market,renewable energy,energy management
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57