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- 实验方案
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Business Risk-based Redundancy Points Identification in Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Optical Networks
摘要： Locating redundancy points in a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy optical network is a challenging task for service managers. Here, we present a model capable of locating suitable points for the application of asset redundancy to reduce disruptions to the operation of the network, based on the risk to the business. The model was implemented by means of an algorithm called Asset Redundancy Location Indicator (ASP), which performs fault analysis based on the dependence between the elements of the network and the risk of failure. The output of the model allows network administrators to make better decisions when defining critical network redundancy points. A case study was carried out using the ARPA2 reference network. The paper also reports on the case study results.
关键词： Risk Management,Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Optical Networks,Redundancy in optical networks,Service Management
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A Review of the Role of Augmented Intelligence in Breast Imaging: From Automated Breast Density Assessment to Risk Stratification
摘要： The goal of augmented intelligence is to increase efficiency and effectiveness in practice. To achieve this, augmented intelligence technologies are being asked to perform a range of tasks, from simple to complex and quantitative. The development of these systems is increasingly important as screening becomes more personalized. This article will provide an overview of augmented intelligence in a variety of breast imaging applications. The incorporation of AI and ML techniques in breast imaging provides important new tools that will deliver ways to “sharpen” trusted familiar tools (so-called “augmented intelligence”) to support radiologists, not replace them. The first wave of medical imaging systems based on AI and ML has primarily used ML to fix the values of key imaging parameters to be adapted to the individual as part of personalized medicine. Artificial intelligence is the new tool in the radiologist’s arsenal but will never replace the human qualities that are important in medicine—intellectual curiosity, passion, and drive.
关键词： augmented intelligence,breast imaging,breast density,risk stratification
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Evaluating the risk of eavesdropping a visible light communication channel
摘要： Visible light communication (VLC) technologies are becoming a method to communicate with a wide range of devices. One of VLC's biggest proposed advantages is the inherent security that this technology provides. The concept of securing on VLC is based on its indoor use since optical radiation is confined by walls. However, doors and windows are usually present in any inhabited structure through which the optical signal can leak and be detected by external devices. In this study, the signal leaked through such a window and the risk of eavesdropping the VLC-based channel may have is studied. In this way, a risk evaluation parameter, which includes different variables, is proposed and analysed.
关键词： Visible light communication,eavesdropping,security,risk evaluation,VLC
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Operation strategy of a hybrid solar and biomass power plant in the electricity markets
摘要： With the potential of low levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and high dispatchability, the hybrid solar and biomass power (HSBP) plant will become an increasingly attractive alternative of fossil energy in the future. However, the combination of biomass fuels, uncertain solar energy and thermal energy storage (TES) system makes energy flow in HSBP plant more intricate. This problem poses a significant challenge to HSBP plant operation in the electricity markets especially with uncertain market prices. In this paper, the linear operation model of HSBP plant is developed to describe the intricate energy flow and technical constraints. In order to maximize the revenues of HSBP plant in electricity markets, an optimal operation strategy is proposed by taking into account the daily variation of market prices. The uncertainties of solar irradiation and market prices are modeled with stochastic programming approach, i.e. a set of scenarios. The large number of scenarios is reduced to relieve the computational burden of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. In addition, the conditional value at risk (CVaR) is adopted to consider the risk hedge. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by case study results.
关键词： Hybrid solar-biomass power plant,Stochastic programming,Optimal operation strategy,Conditional value at risk
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A Sample-to-Targeted Gene Analysis Biochip for Nanofluidic Manipulation of Solid-Phase Circulating Tumor Nucleic Acid Amplification in Liquid Biopsies
摘要： The use of circulating tumor nucleic acids (ctNA) in patient liquid biopsies for targeted genetic analysis is rapidly increasing in clinical oncology. Still, the call for an integrated methodology that is both rapid and sensitive for analyzing trace ctNA amount in liquid biopsies, has unfortunately not been fully realized. Herein, we performed complex liquid biopsy sample-to-targeted genetic analysis on a biochip with 50 copies-detection limit within 30 min. Our biochip uniquely integrated: 1) electrical lysis and release of cellular targets with minimal processing; 2) nanofluidic manipulation to accelerate molecular kinetics of solid-phase isothermal amplification; 3) single-step capture and amplification of multiple NA targets prior to nanozyme-mediated electrochemical detection. Using prostate cancer liquid biopsies, we successfully demonstrated multifunctionality for cancer risk prediction; correlation of serum and urine analyses; and cancer relapse monitoring.
关键词： solid-phase amplification,microfluidics,risk stratification,liquid biopsy,prostate cancer
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Comparison of treatment plans for a?high-field MRI-linac and a?conventional linac for esophageal cancer; Vergleich der Behandlungspl?ne von einem Hochfeld-MRT-Linac und einem konventionellen Linac beim ?sophaguskarzinom;
摘要： Purpose To compare radiotherapy treatments plans in esophageal cancer calculated for a high-?eld magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-linac with plans for a conventional linac. Materials and methods Ten patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were re-planned retrospectively using the research version of Monaco (V 5.19.03, Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans with a nine-?eld step-and-shoot technique and two-arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were created for the Elekta MRI-linac and a conventional linac, respectively. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy to the primary tumor (PTV60) and 50 Gy to elective volumes (PTV50). Plans were optimized for optimal coverage of the 60 Gy volume and compared using dose–volume histogram parameters. Results All calculated treatment plans met prede?ned criteria for target volume coverage and organs at risk dose both for MRI-linac and conventional linac. Plans for the MRI-linac had a lower number of segments and monitor units. No signi?cant differences between both plans were seen in terms of V20Gy of the lungs and V40Gy of the heart with slightly higher mean doses to the heart (14.0 Gy vs. 12.5 Gy) and lungs (12.8 Gy vs. 12.2 Gy). Conclusion Applying conventional target volume and margin concepts as well as dose-fractionation prescription re- veals clinically acceptable dose distributions using hybrid MRI-linac in its current con?guration compared to standard IMRT/VMAT. This represents an important prerequisite for future studies to investigate the clinical bene?t of MRI-guided radiotherapy exploiting the conceptional advantages such as reduced margins, plan adaptation and biological individual- ization and hypofractionation.
关键词： Intensity-modulated radiotherapy,Volumetric modulated arc therapy,Organs at risk,Squamous cell carcinomas,Magnetic resonance imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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From the Fermi-Dirac Distribution to PD curves
摘要： In machine learning applications, and in credit risk modeling in particular, model performance is usually measured by using CAP and ROC curves. The purpose of this paper is to use the statistics of the CAP curve to provide a new method for credit PD curves calibration that is not based on arbitrary choices as the ones used in the industry. We map CAP curves to a ball-box problem and we use statistical physics techniques to compute the statistics of the CAP curve from which we derive the shape of PD curves. This approach leads to a new type of shape for PD curves that have not been considered in the literature yet, namely the Fermi-Dirac function which is a two parameter function depending on the target default rate of the portfolio and the target accuracy ratio of the scoring model. We show that this type of PD curve shape is likely to outperform the logistic PD curve that practitioners often use. We suggest that practitioners should stop using logistic PD curves and should adopt the Fermi-Dirac function to improve the accuracy of their credit risk measurement.
关键词： machine learning,logistic function,PD calibration,Scoring,credit risk,Fermi-Dirac
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Screening for retinopathy of prematurity by telemedicine in a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit in France: Review of a six-year period
摘要： To analyze the prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and severe (treatment-requiring) ROP. A retrospective study was conducted in a level III neonatal unit in Bordeaux, France, from 2009 to 2015. Four hundred and nineteen preterm infants who were screened for ROP exclusively by RetCam were included. ROP of any degree was diagnosed in 27.68% of infants. Stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 ROP was found in 44%, 46%, 9% and 1% of subjects, respectively. No stage 5 ROP was observed. 28/419 infants (6.6%) were treated exclusively with laser photocoagulation. No intravitreal anti-VEGF injections or surgical treatments were performed. No infants born at > 31 weeks or with BW > 1110 g required ROP treatment. On multivariate analysis, risk factors for ROP development were low birth weight, low gestational age at birth, high duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, shock or use of vasopressors. On multivariate analysis, risk factors for severe, treatment-requiring ROP were male gender, gestational age ≤ 27 weeks and Apgar score at 5 minutes ≤ 7. In our 6-year series, ROP was successfully identified on screening exclusively by telemedicine, and no surgical treatment was required. This study identifies known ROP risk factors, but the Apgar score at 5 minutes as a risk factor for severe ROP requires further studies in order to be confirmed.
关键词： Risk analysis,Retinopathy of prematurity,Pediatric ophthalmology,Retina,Risk factor
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Parametric PSF estimation based on predicted-SURE with $$\ell _1$$?1-penalized sparse deconvolution
摘要： Point spread function (PSF) estimation plays an important role in blind image deconvolution. It has been shown that incorporating Wiener filter, minimization of the predicted Stein’s unbiased risk estimate (p-SURE)—unbiased estimate of predicted mean squared error—could yield an accurate PSF estimate. In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysis for the PSF estimation error, which shows that the better deconvolution leads to more accurate PSF estimate. It motivates us to incorporate an (cid:2)1-penalized sparse deconvolution into the p-SURE minimization, instead of the Wiener-type filtering. In particular, based on FISTA—one of the most popular iterative (cid:2)1-solvers, we evaluate the p-SURE for each update, by Jacobian recursion and Monte Carlo simulation. Numerical results of both synthetic and real experiments demonstrate the improvements in PSF estimate, and therefore, deconvolution performance.
关键词： Fast iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (FISTA),(cid:2)1-based sparse deconvolution,Blind deconvolution,Parametric PSF estimation,Predicted Stein’s unbiased risk estimate (p-SURE)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Patients with Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy’s Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus and Their Diabetic Eye Disease: A survey of 100 patients currently undergoing treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Large Retinal Practice
摘要： Objective: To better understand what patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy understand about their DED and treatment, control of their diabetes, and risk factors for disease progression, and to assess which areas clinicians may want to target for education to increase patient understanding. Methods: 100 consecutive patients with at least 5 previous visits to a retinal clinic were surveyed to better understand patients’ understanding of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic eye disease (DED), and the treatments they were receiving for DM and their DED. Demographic information (age, gender, educational status, ethnicity, language, duration and treatments for DM) was collected, along with information about treatments and understanding of risk and modifiable factors about DM. Data was verified against the chart. Results: 100 surveys were completed; 97% of patients said they “understand DM”. 61% of patients were 60 years or older, and half of the patients had done some post-secondary educational training. The ethnic breakdown included 27% Caucasian and 38% Hispanic. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was known in 89% of patients and when asked the range of FBG: 6% did not know; 17% had FBG as >160 mg/dl; and 35% had a FBG of <130 mg/dl. Regarding controlling their DM, 74% of patients did not identify exercise and 33% did not identify dietary habit as important in control. 95% identified blood pressure (BP) as important to monitor. 39% were unable to identify their current BP range, 31% identified their systolic BP as ≥ 130mmHg, and 7% described it as usually >150mmHg. Patients were asked to identify DM related ocular complications: 23% said bleeding; 7% said diabetic macular edema; and 73% said blindness or visual loss. As patient age increased, the ability to correctly identifying current treatments, and knowledge of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), decreased. Ability to correctly identify HbA1C increased with increasing education. Conclusions: This survey shows patient misunderstanding in how DM is treated, risk factors for DM, and how monitoring should be done. Emphasis is likely needed in diet modification and exercise for control of DM. Patients may be at risk for poor understanding of DM care/treatment (particularly those with lower educational achievement, or more elderly). Additional resources may need to be developed for sub-sets of patients.
关键词： Diabetic eye disease,Patient understanding,Diabetes mellitus,Risk factors,Diabetic retinopathy,Hemoglobin A1C
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46