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Research on Post-processing Microstructure and Property of Titanium Components with Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
摘要： Additive manufacturing of titanium component holds promise to deliver benefit such as reduced cost, weight and carbon emissions during both manufacture and use. To capitalize on the benefits, it must be shown that the mechanical performance of parts produced by additive manufacturing can meet design requirement that are typically based on wrought material performance properties. Of particular concern for safety critical structures is the fatigue property of parts produced by additive manufacturing. Microstructure evolution, and its influence on mechanical properties of the alloy in the as-fabricated condition, has been documented by various researchers. However, fatigue crack propagation and the effects of the directional structure have not been sufficiently studied, imposing a barrier for this technology’s potential extension to high-integrity applications. In this study, fatigue life (S-N) and fatigue crack growth (FCG) both parallel and perpendicular to the build directions was studied. The interaction between the directional as-fabricated SLM microstructure and FCG was investigated and compared to that of the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) specimens with and without the stress relief after fabricating with SLM.
关键词： Titanium Components,Selective Laser Melting (SLM),Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP),Fatigue Property,Microstructure
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Evolution of the Structure and Properties of High-Chromium Heat-Resistant VZh159 Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting: Part II
摘要： The evolution of the structural-phase state of the VZh159 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting after various types of thermal exposure and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is studied. The effect of a long 500-h exposure at temperatures of 800 and 900°C on the phase composition and morphology of structural components is determined. The short-term and long-term strength of the material in various conditions are studied. It is shown that the segregation of dispersed particles of the σ phase after the gas-static treatment followed by aging and after prolonged exposure at high temperatures does not have a significant negative effect on the plastic and strength characteristics of the alloy. The long-term strength of the synthesized metal after the 500-h exposure at a temperature of 900°C corresponds to the certified values for the deformed semifinished product of the VZh159 alloy.
关键词： boride,heat treatment,σ-phase,HIP,gas-static treatment,VZh159,selective laser melting (SLM),transmission electron microscopy,cellular structure
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Evolution of the Structure and Properties of High-Chromium Heat-Resistant VZh159 Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting: Part I
摘要： The evolution of the structural-phase state of the VZh159 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting after various types of thermal exposure and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is studied. The effect of a long 500-h exposure at temperatures of 800 and 900°C on the phase composition and morphology of structural components is determined. The short-term and long-term strength of the material in various conditions are studied. It is shown that the segregation of dispersed particles of the σ phase after the gas-static treatment followed by aging and after prolonged exposure at high temperatures does not have a significant negative effect on the plastic and strength characteristics of the alloy. The long-term strength of the synthesized metal after the 500-h exposure at a temperature of 900°C corresponds to the certified values for the deformed semifinished product of the VZh159 alloy.
关键词： σ phase,VZh159,HIP,heat treatment,boride,transmission electron microscopy,gas-static treatment,selective laser melting (SLM),cellular structure
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Microstructure development, tribological property and underlying mechanism of laser additive manufactured submicro-TiB2 reinforced Al-based composites
摘要： Al-based composites reinforced with submicro-TiB2 particles were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) of powder mixture under different laser powers. The microstructure evolution and tribological property of SLM-processed AlSi10Mg/TiB2 composites were investigated. Al-based composites with high manufacturing quality and uniform dispersion of TiB2 particles throughout the matrix were obtained. The EBSD results showed that incorporation of TiB2 reinforcements imposed no appreciable influence on the crystallographic orientation and average grain size, while the grain size distribution was distinctly narrowed as a result of limitation on grain growth by addition of ceramic particles. The SLM-processed composites exhibited a continuous tendency of increasing microhardness and decreasing coefficient of friction (COF) along with wear rate with a laser power increasing from 350 to 450 W. The composites showed high microhardness of 126 HV0.2, exceeding over those of the Al-Si alloys and composites processing by conventional techniques. A low COF of 0.65 and wear rate of 5.2×10?4 mm3N-1m-1 were obtained for bulk-form composites at 450 W due to the combined effects of high manufacturing quality, microstructure homogeneity, and sound interfacial bonding.
关键词： Tribological property,Microstructure development,Selective laser melting (SLM),Al-based composite
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Laser welding of AlSi10Mg aluminium-based alloy produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
摘要： Additive manufacturing can produce very complex and highly integrated parts that cannot be manufactured by traditional methods. In many of its applications, the AM-manufactured part may be a very small part of the whole, and therefore it has become increasingly important to find suitable attachment methods for printed parts. The aim of this study was to find out the laser weldability of the printed AlSi10Mg material without filler material. The laser used in these welding experiments was Yb:YAG disk laser. The laser wavelength was 1030 nm and the maximum output power on the workpiece surface was 4 kW. AlSi10Mg is a widely used material in parts that are produced utilizing the SLM technique. The material has very good corrosion resistance properties, good electrical conductivity and excellent thermal conductivity. AlSi10Mg has proven to be much easier to print than steel materials, so it is a popular material also in prototype production. Based on welding tests, laser welding without filler material is suitable for AlSi10Mg material and the static strength of the weld is reasonably good compared to the base material. However, AlSi10Mg can be found to be challenging due to its composition.
关键词： Selective Laser Melting (SLM),AlSi10Mg,Yb:YAG disk laser,Laser welding,Additive Manufacturing (AM)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Disk Laser Assisted Surface Heat Treatments Of AlSi10Mg Parts Produced By Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
摘要： Metal parts produced with the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method have a great variety of uses today and because of this the requirements on the surface quality differ between applications. The surface treatments of the printed metal pieces, like other finishing phases, are often still manually worked on and thus are very time-consuming processes. This study focuses on the SLM printed AlSi10Mg aluminium specimen’s surface laser heat treatment with disk laser equipment (wavelength of 1030nm). The goal of this study was to achieve the desired effect on the aluminium’s surface quality with robotized laser heat treatment equipment. This was to show that the used finishing treatment method could be automated or robotized. The study showed that with the correct laser parameters, it is possible to generate desired effects and features on to the AlSi10Mg aluminium piece’s surface with a robotized process.
关键词： Selective Laser Melting (SLM),laser forming,AlSi10Mg,Additive Manufacturing (AM)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Application of base plate preheating during selective laser melting
摘要： Base plate preheating is one of the recent enhancing tools added to the process of Selective Laser Melting (SLM). This tool aims at a reduction of thermal stresses in SLM parts, achieved by decreasing the thermal gradients during SLM processing. In the current study, base plate preheating up to a temperature of 400°C is applied during SLM of 4 different materials, including aluminum 7075 alloy, nickel alloy Hastelloy X, H13 tool steel and CoCr. General trends, as well as material specific effects are discussed regarding part density, crack formation, internal stresses, microstructure and mechanical properties. These show how base plate preheating can induce different influences according to each particular material category.
关键词： Selective Laser Melting (SLM),Base plate preheating
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Microstructural investigation and mechanical behavior of a two-material component fabricated through selective laser melting of AlSi104Mg on an Al-Cu-Ni-Fe-Mg cast alloy substrate
摘要： A hybrid-part made of two materials was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) of AlSi10Mg on an Al-Cu-Ni-Fe-Mg cast alloy substrate. The microstructure of the two-material component and the interface is investigated using multi-scale characterization techniques including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructure of SLM-AlSi10Mg consists of fine cellular dendrites and columnar grains, developed along the building direction, where the substrate cast alloy is featured by large equiaxed grains. OM and SEM studies of the interface show a sound metallurgical bonding as a result of the melting of AlSi10Mg powder and partial melting of the cast substrate assisted by the circulate flows and Marangoni convection. The circulate flows cause complex phenomena at the interface, which lead to the dilution of alloying elements and a variation in the microstructure of the first consolidated layer of SLM-AlSi10Mg (as a result of variation in thermal gradient and solidification rate). TEM investigations of the interface reveal segregation of alloying elements at the interdendritic regions after solidification. Moreover, no precipitate is formed on top of the interface, due to the rapid solidification and dilution of the alloying elements. EBSD analysis of the interface shows substantial differences in the grain structure of SLM-AlSi10Mg and the cast substrate, in terms of size and morphology. Mechanical properties of the hybrid material are studied afterwards using Vickers microhardness measurements, nanoindentation and quasi-static uniaxial tensile tests. The SLM-AlSi10Mg side of the hybrid-part possesses better performance, mainly due to its finer and hierarchical microstructure.
关键词： selective laser melting (SLM),Additive manufacturing,characterization,microstructure
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Automated Manufacturing of Mechatronic Parts by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion
摘要： The powder-bed-based laser beam melting process (L-PBF) has become one of the most reliable and popular additive manufacturing technologies in the field of industrial production of metal components. Moreover, it is constantly evolving to ensure lower costs due to higher productivity as well as to enable the processing of new materials, such as tungsten or copper-alloys. In terms of machine developments, a number of trends are observable. On the one hand, machines become able to produce multi-material parts with an arbitrary distribution of at least two different materials. Therefore, the existing powder delivery system must be adapted. As multiple approaches for doing so already exist, it must be decided which is the most suitable. On the other hand, a further goal is to integrate sensors or actuators automatically, to create structural parts with fully encapsulated electronic components. For this automated process, a pick-and-place concept must be developed and integrated into an existing L-PBF machine. To implement this automated process extension, several adjustments to the system must be implemented. This paper presents approaches for realising the described concepts and the first results of the adapted manufacturing processes.
关键词： smart parts,automated actuator integration,multi-material,powder bed fusion,additive manufacturing,L-PBF process enhancement,automated sensor integration,selective laser melting,SLM
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing on Al-10%Si-0.4%Mg Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting; レーザ積層造形により作製したAl-10%Si-0.4%Mg合金における熱間等方加圧処理の影響;
摘要： In this study, we investigated the effects of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the mechanical properties of an Al-10%Si-0.4%Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). In addition, the effect of internal porosity on the mechanical properties of the alloy was also investigated. After the HIP, the internal porosity of the alloy decreased, while its elongation to failure (EL) improved significantly. However, the 0.2% proof stress (PS) and the tensile strength (TS) of the HIPed alloy were significantly lower than those of the as-built state. This can be attributed to the microstructural changes that occurred at elevated temperatures during the HIP. In addition, the PS and TS of the as-built alloy decreased with an increase in the internal porosity. On the other hand, in the case of the HIPed alloy, the PS and TS were not affected by the internal porosity. However, EL was sensitive to the internal porosity. The EL of the HIPed alloy decreased with an increase in its initial internal porosity. This is because the diffusion bonding during the HIP was imperfect owing to the presence of oxidized scales. Hence, it is imperative to optimize the laser irradiation conditions for the fabrication of aluminum alloy by SLM.
关键词： aluminum alloy,selective laser melting (SLM),hot isostatic pressing (HIP),additive manufacturing (AM),internal porosity
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04