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Perovskites fabricated on textured silicon surfaces for tandem solar cells
摘要： The silicon surface texture significantly affects the current density and efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, only a few studies have explored fabricating perovskite on textured silicon and the effect of texture on perovskite films because of the limitations of solution processes. Here we produce conformal perovskite on textured silicon with a dry two-step conversion process that incorporates lead oxide sputtering and direct contact with methyl ammonium iodide. To separately analyze the influence of each texture structure on perovskite films, patterned texture, high-resolution photoluminescence (μ-PL), and light beam-induced current (μ-LBIC), 3D mapping is used. This work elucidates conformal perovskite on textured surfaces and shows the effects of textured silicon on the perovskite layers with high-resolution 3D mapping. This approach can potentially be applied to any type of layer on any type of substrate.
关键词： tandem solar cells,dry two-step conversion process,perovskite,textured surfaces,silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficient broadband light absorption in thin-film a-Si solar cell based on double sided hybrid bi-metallic nanogratings
摘要： Thin film solar cells (TFSCs) suffer from poor light absorption due to their small thickness, which limits most of their practical applications. Surface plasmons generated by plasmonic nanoparticles offer an opportunity for a low-cost and scalable method to optically engineer TFSCs. Here, a systematic simulation study is conducted to improve the absorption efficiency of amorphous silicon (a-Si) by incorporating double sided plasmonic bi-metallic (Al–Cu) nanogratings. The upper pair of the gratings together with an antireflection coating are responsible for minimizing the reflection losses and enhancing the absorption of low wavelength visible light spectrum in the active layer. The bottom pairs are accountable for increasing the absorption of long wavelength photons in the active layer. In this way, a-Si, which is a poor absorber in the long wavelength region, is now able to absorb broadband light from 670–1060 nm with an average simulated absorption rate of more than 70%, and improved simulated photocurrent density of 22.30 mA cm?2, respectively. Moreover, simulation results show that the proposed structure reveals many other excellent properties such as small incident angle insensitivity, tunability, and remarkable structural parameters tolerance. Such a design concept is quite versatile and can be extended to other TFSCs.
关键词： amorphous silicon,Thin film solar cells,plasmonic nanoparticles,bi-metallic nanogratings,light absorption
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Visible-Light Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation by Water-Soluble All-Inorganic Core-Shell Silicon Quantum Dots
摘要： The photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation by boron (B) and phosphorus (P) codoped silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) with diameters in the quantum confinement regime is investigated. The codoped Si QDs have an amorphous shell made from B, Si and P. The shell induces negative potential on the surface and makes codoped Si QDs dispersible in water. The hydrophilic shell offers enhanced stability and efficiency in the photocatalytic H2 generation and provides the opportunity to study the size dependence of the H2 generation rate. A drastic increase of the H2 generation rate with decreasing the QD size is observed. Analyses based on the Marcus theory reveal that the upper shift of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of Si QDs by the quantum confinement effect is responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity.
关键词： silicon quantum dots,quantum confinement,Marcus theory,photocatalytic hydrogen generation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - The Impact of Cold Temperature Exposure in Mechanical Durability Testing of PV Modules
摘要： Existing mechanical durability testing sequences typically perform mechanical loading prior to environmental exposures such as thermal cycling or humidity freeze. Recent work has shown that the fracture strength of silicon solar cells can reduce after exposure to temperatures below -20°C. In an effort to better evaluate modules with respect to cell crack durability, we explore the use of a single thermal cycle prior to mechanical loading. Modules were exposed to a static front-side load before and after exposure to a single thermal cycle and were characterized with current-voltage measurements and electroluminescence imaging. The results show a significant increase in the number of cell cracks that are generated at a given load after a single cold exposure. We explore how this can be used to further optimize the qualification test sequence for mechanical durability.
关键词： cell fracture,photovoltaic modules,mechanical durability,reliability,silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Dispersion trimming for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a hybrid chalcogenide/silicon-germanium waveguide
摘要： We report a simple post-process technique that harnesses a hybrid chalcogenide/silicon-germanium system for the control of waveguide dispersion. By adding a chalcogenide top cladding to a SiGe/Si waveguide, we can substantially change the dispersive properties, which underpin the generation of a supercontinuum. In our particular example, we experimentally show that a shift from anomalous to normal dispersion takes place. We numerically study the dispersion dependence on the chalcogenide thickness and show how to use this additional degree of freedom to control the position of the zero dispersion wavelengths and hence the spectral span of the supercontinuum. Finally, we compare our approach with more traditional techniques that use geometry for dispersion tailoring.
关键词： mid-infrared,dispersion trimming,hybrid chalcogenide/silicon-germanium waveguide,supercontinuum generation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficient, stable silicon tandem cells enabled by anion-engineered wide-bandgap perovskites
摘要： Maximizing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells that can exceed the Shockley-Queisser single-cell limit requires a high performing, stable perovskite top cell with a wide band gap. We developed a stable perovskite solar cell with a band gap of ~1.7 electron volt that retained over 80% of its initial PCE of 20.7% after 1000 hours of continuous illumination. Anion engineering of phenethylammonium (PEA)-based two-dimensional (2D) additives was critical for controlling the structural and electrical properties of 2D passivation layers based on a PbI2-framework. The high PCE of 26.7% of a monolithic two-terminal wide gap perovskite/Si tandem solar cell was made possible by the ideal combination of spectral responses of the top and bottom cells.
关键词： tandem solar cells,anion engineering,perovskite,silicon,wide-bandgap
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Visible Laser on Silicon Optofluidic Microcavity
摘要： Optical readout within microfluidic chips is a bottleneck limiting their industrial development. The integration of lasers operating in the visible range within a microfluidic platform is crucial for enabling in situ optical measurements in lab-on-a-chip applications. In principle, microstructured single-crystal silicon is an excellent optofluidic platform, which allows integration of microfluidic channels together with optical circuits including micro-optics, waveguides, and resonant cavities. However, the silicon absorption below 1.1 μm is a fundamental limit that prohibits the use of silicon-based micro-cavities as the feedback element for visible lasers and restricts their use to the infrared only. In this work, an ultra-wide band silicon cavity enabled by two deeply etched hollow-core planar waveguides is demonstrated. The proposed microcavity shows a broad bandwidth extending from 500 to 1600 nm with quality factors up to 2067. A tubular microfluidic channel is inserted between the mirrors of the optofluidic cavity. The microfluidic channel is filled with Rhodamine 6G (R6G) at 20 μL min?1 flow rate allowing successful demonstration of lasing on silicon at 562.4 nm. The laser beam propagates in-plane (along the chip surface) and is handled with monolithically integrated input/output optical fiber grooves. This provides a unique silicon platform integrating hollow core optofluidic channels together with optical cavities, which is suitable for implementing optical readout in lab-on-a-chip devices.
关键词： visible lasers,microcavities,silicon,optofluidics,lab on a chip
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A digital controlled pulse generator for a novel tumor therapy combining irreversible electroporation with nanosecond pulse stimulation
摘要： The irreversible electroporation with microsecond electric pulses is a new ablation technique adopted in the tumor therapy worldwide. On the other hand, the nsPEF (nanosecond pulsed electric field) has been proved to provide a means to induce immunogenic cell death and elicits antitumor immunity, which is under intensive in-vitro and in-vivo studies and in clinical trials. Normally, one needs two different types of electric pulse generators for producing the pulses in the ranges of nanosecond and microsecond, respectively. In order to realize these two types of tumor treatments in complementary and optimize electrical pulse parameters, we have developed a compact high-voltage pulse generator with a wide pulse width tuning range, based on a capacitor discharging configuration digitally controlled by a silicon carbide MOSFET switching array through a pair of optic-coupler drivers. The developed digital pulse generator is capable of adjusting: pulse width over 100ns-100μs, voltage over 0-2kV and repetition rate up to 1.2 kHz. The pulse generator is designed in simulation, implemented and verified in experiments. The pulse generator is shown to deliver a complementary treatment on Murine melanoma B16 cell lines, i.e. triggering the cell early apoptosis under the 300ns pulse stimulation while a complete killing under the 100ns pulses. The pulse generator is further demonstrated to induce antitumor immunity in a preliminary in vivo study on the mice model.
关键词： apoptosis,Silicon Carbide MOSFET array,irreversible electroporation,nanosecond pulse stimulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Deposition of boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon carbide thin films using H2-Ar mixed dilution for the application on thin film solar cells
摘要： Hydrogen-argon mixed dilution has been applied for the deposition of boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon carbide (nc-SiCx) thin films. The variations of structural, compositional, electrical and optical properties with the varying H2/Ar ratio are systemically investigated through various characterizations. It is shown that by using H2-Ar mixed dilution for deposition, B-doped nc-SiCx thin film possessing both wide optical band gap (~2.22 eV) and high conductivity (~1.9 S/cm) can be obtained at the H2/Ar flow ratio of 360/140. In addition, the B-doped nc-SiCx thin films are fabricated as the window layers of a-Si thin film solar cells, and the highest conversion efficiency (8.13%) is obtained when applying the window layer with the largest optical band gap energy.
关键词： PECVD,solar cell,B-doping,thin film,silicon carbide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Generating Silicon Nanofiber Clusters from Grinding Sludge by Millisecond Pulsed Laser Irradiation
摘要： Silicon nano?ber clusters were successfully generated by the irradiation of millisecond pulsed laser light on silicon sludge disposed from wafer back-grinding processes. It was found that the size, intensity, and growing speed of the laser-induced plume varied with the gas pressure, while the size and morphology of the nano?bers were dependent on the laser pulse duration. The generated nano?bers were mainly amorphous with crystalline nanoparticles on their tips. The crystallinity and oxidation degree of the nano?bers depended on the preheating conditions of the silicon sludge. This study demonstrated the possibility of changing silicon waste into functional nanomaterials, which are possibly useful for fabricating high-performance lithium-ion battery electrodes.
关键词： laser processing,sludge waste,silicon nano?ber,material reuse,nanostructure
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01