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Quality improvement of acoustic-resolution photoacoustic imaging of skin vasculature based on practical synthetic-aperture focusing and bandpass filtering
摘要： We previously developed a compact acoustic-resolution photoacoustic (PA) imaging system with optical ?ber-based illumination, by which blood vessels in the rat skin were visualized in vivo. However, there were issues to be improved in the imaging characteristics: blurring in the out-of-focus region of the ultrasound sensor and degraded resolution due to low-frequency components in the PA signals. These are common limitations in acoustic-resolution PA imaging methods. In this study, we attempted to solve these problems by introducing signal processing methods based both on the synthetic-aperture focusing technique, which was applied only to signals in the detection zone of the sensor in the horizontal direction that was determined in advance in a phantom study, and on digital acoustic signal ?ltering with three speci?c frequency bands. Ex vivo and in vivo PA imaging of blood vessels in the rat skin and subcutaneous tissue showed the validity of the present signal processing methods.
关键词： photoacoustic imaging,bandpass ?ltering,skin vasculature,synthetic-aperture focusing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Novel Use of Nona??Invasive Devices and Microbiopsies to Assess Facial Skin Rejuvenation Following Laser Treatment
摘要： Patient‐reported outcomes and blinded observer rating scales are subjective and unreliable but are extensively utilized to evaluate cosmetic office‐based treatments, including ablative lasers. This study aims to assess the practicality of using non‐invasive and minimally invasive methods for objective skin assessment following a skin rejuvenation treatment. Twelve patients received a single 1,470/2,940 nm laser treatment for facial rejuvenation. Assessments were performed before treatment, and 7 days, 3 weeks, and 3 months post‐treatment. Images were taken with the VISIA Skin Analysis System to measure wrinkles, textures, pores, ultraviolet (UV) spots, brown spots, red areas, and porphyrins. Other non‐invasive skin measurements—high‐resolution ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography, transepidermal water loss and BTC 2000—were used to measure epidermal/dermal thickness, blood flow, surface roughness, wrinkle depth, attenuation coefficient, elasticity, viscoelasticity. Microbiopsies (0.33 mm in diameter or the equivalent of a 23‐gauge needle) were collected for histology and gene expression of tissue rejuvenation. Significant improvement in facial skin aesthetics after laser treatment was recorded in UV spots, brown spots and pores after 3 weeks and in UV spots and brown spots after 3 months. The dermal attenuation coefficient decreased significantly at 3 weeks, while blood flow 0.5 to 0.7 mm below the skin surface increased significantly between 5 days and 3 weeks following treatment. Epidermal hyaluronic acid expression assessed by immunostaining and expression of inflammatory genes were elevated at 7 days post‐treatment compared with untreated or 3 months post‐treatment. There were no statistically significant changes in collagen or elastin‐related genes between groups at the studied parameters. Non‐invasive devices can be effectively used to provide objective measurements of skin structure, pigmentation, blood flow, and elasticity to assess the efficacy of facial skin rejuvenation treatments. Furthermore, microbiopsies can objectively evaluate facial skin rejuvenation without scarring. Using non‐invasive skin imaging, a single treatment with the 1,470/2,940 nm laser was observed to be effective in improving skin appearance after 3 months, namely in reducing UV spots and brown spots, without significant changes in the tissue at the molecular level, as assessed by microbiopsy.
关键词： non‐invasive,laser ablation,microbiopsy,skin biopsy,skin rejuvenation,skin imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) - Nara, Japan (2018.10.9-2018.10.12)] 2018 IEEE 7th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) - Human Skin Segmentation Using Fully Convolutional Neural Networks
摘要： In recent years, skin segmentation has attracted much of attention from computer vision field. Normally, researchers use a simple pre-trained model or define a fixed threshold in color space to deal with skin segmentation. However, it is highly possible to failure in many conditions. In addition, convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved great success in computer vision. This paper we present a fully convolutional neural network method in skin segmentation. A hand-crafted skin dataset has provided in this study. In the experiment, we attempt many CNN structures to determine the best one. According to the experimental result, we obtained a considerable result in three well-known skin datasets.
关键词： deep learning,skin segmentation,Convolutional neural network,human skin dataset
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effectiveness of a novel real-time dosimeter in interventional radiology: a comparison of new and old radiation sensors
摘要： Radiation dose management is important in interventional radiology (IR) procedures, such as percutaneous coronary intervention, to prevent radiation-induced injuries. Therefore, radiation dose should be monitored in real time during IR. This study evaluated the fundamental characteristics of a novel real-time skin dosimeter (RTSD) developed at our institution. In addition, we compared the performance of our new and old radiation sensors and that of a skin dose monitor (SDM), with ion chamber reference values. We evaluated the fundamental characteristics (e.g., energy dependence, dose dependence, and angular dependence) of the RTSD developed by us in the diagnostic X-ray energy range. The performance of our RTSD was similar to that of the SDM. In particular, the new radiation sensor of our RTSD demonstrated better dose rate dependence compared to the old sensor. In addition, the new sensor had the advantage of being small in size and thus minimally affecting the X-ray images compared to the old sensor. Therefore, the developed skin dosimeter and radiation sensor may be useful in real-time measurement of patients’ exposure to and multi-channel monitoring of radiation in IR procedures. The new dosimeter system can be recommended for visualization and management of the radiation dose to which the patients’ skin is exposed.
关键词： Radiation dose,Real-time skin dosimeter,Interventional radiology,Radiation skin injuries
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Face and neck rejuvenation using an improved non-ablative fractional high power 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser: clinical results in 16 women
摘要： Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a specific treatment protocol using a new and improved non-ablative fractional high-power 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for face and neck rejuvenation. Methods: Sixteen women, aged 30 to 60 years old, were selected to undergo three consecutive treatment sessions with this new laser at maximum energy (2,400 mJ/pulse, Clear Lift laser?-Harmony XL-Pro, Alma Lasers Ltd.). Face and neck were treated in eight patients, respectively. Each treatment used the same protocol. The efficacy was evaluated by the therapist (TS), the patient (PS), and two separate independent experts who were blind to the study (E1 and E2). Results: According to E1 and E2, the mean reduction in signs of skin aging on a Global Esthetic Improvement Scale was 30-40%. Using a 0–10 points scale, TS and PS mean (range) satisfaction rates were 9.0 (8–10); 9.2 (6–10) for the face and 8.7 (8–10); 8.0 (3–10), for the neck, respectively. The procedure was practically painless, no significant adverse effects were observed, and the patients returned to their daily and work activities without downtime. Conclusion: This laser was safe and effective for face and neck minimally invasive rejuvenation, with excellent results using our usual routine use conditions.
关键词： fractionated laser,resurfacing,Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser,Skin rejuvenation,non-ablative laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Low cost flexible pressure sensor using laser scribed GO/RGO periodic structure for electronic skin applications
摘要： Considering electronic skin applications, a pressure sensor based on periodic structure of graphene oxide-reduced graphene oxide (GO-rGO) has been designed and fabricated based on a low cost direct laser writing technique by utilizing the laser diode of DVD drive’s pickup head. The optimization of sensor structure has been performed using computational modelling through Finite Element Method (FEM) in the COMSOL environment. The optimized structure is fabricated based on the deposition of thin layer of GO on the surface of Kapton and the pattering is performed by laser irradiation. The fabricated sensor structure has been characterized structurally and functionally. The results show that the fabrication method is successful in the formation of periodic structure of GO-rGO and the sensor has an acceptable response in the range of 1.5–40 kPa.
关键词： COMSOL,Pressure sensor,Laser scribed,Electronic skin,Graphene oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fulla??face skin resurfacing using a combination of fractional and full spot ablative 2940??nm erbium laser
摘要： BACKGROUND: Full-field deep ablative laser resurfacing is a popular method for skin rejuvenation due to maximum improvement in a single treatment. However, it is associated with disadvantages such as pain, prolonged erythema, swelling, crusting, infections, pigmentary changes, and scarring. Patients are increasingly seeking less invasive options with comparable effect. AIMS: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of full face resurfacing using a combination of full spot and fractional erbium (Er:YAG) laser resurfacing. PATIENTS/METHODS: 109 patients, mostly females over 50 years old, were treated with a two phase protocol: full spot ablation (5 J/cm2, three passes) and fractional ablation (132 J/cm2, 5% coverage, 3 passes). We recorded time to re-epithelization and duration of post-treatment erythema. Any side effects observed at follow-up or reported by the patient were recorded. Patient satisfaction questionnaire and blinded evaluation of pre and post treatment photographs were used to assess efficacy. RESULTS: A single session was performed in 96% of cases. Post-operative re-epithelization lasted on average 6.4±2.9 days. Post-treatment erythema lasted on average 13.8±15.2 days. One patient had hyperpigmentation, one infection, one hypo-pigmentation, and one ulcer. All side effects resolved without complications. According to the blinded assessment of photographs 78% of patients showed improvement. 97% of patients were satisfied with the results of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of fractional and full spot ablative Er:YAG laser is a safe and effective option for full face resurfacing.
关键词： patient satisfaction,improvement,fractional,skin resurfacing,laser,erbium
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Development of laser speckle blood flowmeter for evaluating the physiological function of skin
摘要： Objective: We developed and demonstrated laser speckle ?owgraphy (LSFG) for two-dimensional (2D) skin blood ?ow (SBF) measurements to facilitate the noninvasive comparisons of SBF between individuals. Approach: By using morphing technology with a face mesh to compare SBF spatial distributions among individuals, we examined the practicability of SBF measurement with LSFG. Main results: (1) The uniformity of SBF measurement was demonstrated by examinations at different distances and angles for healthy subjects. (2) Mean blur rate (MBR)—a blood ?ow index of LSFG—exhibited signi?cant correlation with the thermal diffusion method (TDM)—an established blood ?ow measurement method—suggesting that MBR is an effective index of SBF. (3) Blowout time, the half-width duration/duration of one cardiac cycle, exhibited signi?cant negative correlation with age and positive correlation with stratum corneum hydration. Signi?cance: These results suggest that LSFG is useful for evaluating SBF-related skin properties, and it has signi?cant potential in medicine and cosmetology.
关键词： aging,stratum corneum hydration,skin blood ?ow,laser speckle ?owgraphy,morphing,strain-gauge plethysmography,thermal diffusion
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Clinical improvement of photoaging-associated facial hyperpigmentation in Korean skin with a picosecond 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser
摘要： Traditional attempts at alleviating photoaging-associated facial pigmentation conditions such as melasma, mottled hyperpigmentation, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation have yielded disfiguring cosmetic results. Laser toning using a low-fluence Q-switched 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has been more commonly applied to date. However, the treatment efficacy and safety of this approach have not been widely reported. This study therefore evaluated the efficacy and safety of picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser application for photoaging-associated facial pigmentation treatment in Korean subjects. Forty-seven Korean subjects with photoaging-associated facial pigmentation underwent picosecond 1064-nm laser application. The clinical improvement of 17 patients was assessed by objective measurements such as melanin and erythema indices. All subjects received six biweekly treatments with the laser in a three-pass fashion delivering approximately 2000 to 2500 shots using a zoom handpiece with a spot size of 7 mm, fluence ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 J/cm2, and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Clinicians evaluated the improvement of pigmentation using the pigmentation area and severity index (PSI), and subjects reported their satisfaction level on a four-point scale. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 19.0 for Windows software program (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Forty-seven subjects (45 females and two males) completed this study with a 12-week follow-up period. The average decrease in PSI value at 12 weeks after treatment was 6.85 ± 6.35 points (p < 0.001). The average decreases in the values of the erythema and melanin indices were 19.41 ± 64.64 points (p = 0.234) and 28.88 ± 32.89 points (p = 0.002). An analysis of 32 subjects’ reports (68.1%) suggested good or excellent improvement. No serious adverse effects were observed during treatment or the follow-up period. Picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser application appears to be safe and effective in improving various photoaging-associated facial pigmentation conditions in Korean skin.
关键词： Melasma,pigmentation,Aging,Picosecond laser,Skin
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Evaluation of angiogenesis, inflammation, and healing on irradiated skin graft with low-level laser therapy in rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus wistar)
摘要： The reconstructive techniques have been widely used in Veterinary Medicine. The post-operative adjuvants therapies like the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) are used to decrease inherent complications to reconstructive surgeries. This article purposed to define the LLLT effects on the healing, inflammation, and vascularization of the skin grafts in applicable time intervals to veterinary surgical routine. Forty rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus wistar) were used and each one was submitted to autogenous cutaneous mesh grafting in the interescapular region. The rats were randomly distributed in five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) in accordance with the 6 J/cm2 or 10 J/cm2 dose every 3 or 5 days. These treatments were applied on the skin graft for 15 days. The histochemical evaluation with Picrosirius showed greater expression of collagen type 1 – red in grafts of G5 (p < 0.05), while in G1 did not; the expression of collagen type III – green was not induced by LLLT. The histochemical evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin showed greater numbers of fibroblasts in grafts of G4 (p < 0.05) and less hemorrhage in grafts of G5 (p < 0.05). There was modulation of the inflammatory response in irradiated skin grafts. It is concluded the exhibition of the skin grafts to 6 J/cm2 or 10 J/cm2 dose every 5 days improved the healing and the modulation of the local inflammation.
关键词： Skin graft,CD31,Low-level laser therapy,COX-2,Histology,Picrosirius
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57