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Treatment of dermatosis papulosa nigra using a carbon dioxide laser
摘要： Background: Dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is characterized by the presence of multiple, small, hyperpigmented, warty papules affecting the face, neck, and trunk that bear to histological semblance to seborrheic keratosis. Although the lesions are benign tumors, they can cause distress for cosmetic reasons. Objective: We, herein, report the cases of three female Japanese patients (mean age, 46 years) with DPN who were treated using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser with a computerized scanner. The patients were all suffering from an increased number of brown asymptomatic papules (size, 1-5 mm), which were located all over the trunk. Histological examinations revealed acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and horn cyst formation in the epidermis. Methods: We performed CO2 laser (LASER 30C; Lumenis Inc) treatment (settings: 8-10 W; pulse duration, 0.05-seconds; rest duration, 0.36 seconds; laser spot size, 1.2 mm) for 5-10 months. Results: With CO2 laser treatment, were could completely remove the lesions and achieve excellent cosmetic results without scar formation in all cases. The treated lesions did not relapse for more than 1 year. Conclusion: In our opinion, CO2 laser treatment with a computerized scanner is an effective therapeutic option for DPN.
关键词： carbon dioxide surgical laser,Dermatosis papulosa nigra,skin
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The effect of wind on the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules
摘要： This paper discusses the thermal aspect of two different types of PV modules. The PV modules are categorised into two major groups: Frameless and Framed modules, and designing structure. Apart from the framed structure, thermal behaviour and its implicit effect on the system is also the key factor of the analysis. Two similar classes of modules are relatively examined and thereafter, are compared with differently manufactured (structure-wise) modules. Here, the framed modules, Solarex (pc-Si) and the RWE Schott Solar (pc-Si) are optically similar; whereas the Solar watt (c-Si) and the Duna Solar (a-Si) are frameless modules. A parallel dichotomy is established on the basis of the quality of the modules being used by the energy industry and the thermal response of the modules at the given conditions. The assessment of the PV modules is based upon the angular orientation of wind, thermal diffusivity of surface, thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, inertial effect of surface, drag force, skin friction, and the thermal behaviour at vicinity of PV surface. The energy equation of the thermal boundary layer over the flat plate is used for thermal profiling of the different PV surfaces. From the experimental measurement, the ambience temperature, surface temperature and wind speed have been determined. The qualitative investigation of geometrically as well as structurally different solar modules is performed with the help of ODE45 application. The flow of air is laminar for all the modules and the drag force varies from 1.45 × 10?5 N to 2.10 × 10?5 N. Friction loss due to wind flow is found to be least for the Solar watt, while the wind orientation of 10° North of East keeps the temperature deviation of the surface from its ambience low for all the modules. The effect of the thermal boundary layer is relatively significant for the Solar watt and the RWE Schott solar modules. Hydrodynamic boundary layer formation has been demarcated from thermal boundary using Blasius and Pohlhausen’s solutions for momentum and energy equations of fluid past a flat surface.
关键词： Temperature distribution,Flow parameters,Thermal analysis,Skin friction,Windspeed,Photovoltaic modules
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Dermonutrient Containing Special Collagen Peptides Improves Skin Structure and Function: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Triple-Blind Trial Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy on the Cosmetic Effects and Tolerance of a Drinkable Collagen Supplement
摘要： The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind trial on 60 healthy female volunteers was to assess the cosmetic effects on skin quality of a food supplement containing special collagen peptides together with acerola extract, vitamin C, vitamin E, biotin, and zinc after an intake of 12 weeks (Elasten(cid:2), QUIRIS Healthcare, Germany). To reduce assessment bias maximally and increase the accuracy and objectivity of the outcomes, the trial design was triple blinded in a manner that neither the subjects nor the person administering the products nor the person who assessed the primary outcomes knew which subjects had received the test product and which had received the placebo. The expert grader assessing the confocal laser scanning microscopy images was additionally blinded regarding the time when the image was taken (on days 1 or 85). The objective, blinded, and validated image analyses using confocal laser scanning microscopy showed a signi?cant improvement of the collagen structure of facial skin (primary endpoint) after intake of the test product, while no improvements were found after intake of the placebo. The proven positive nutritional effect on the collagen structure was fully consistent with positive subjective evaluations of relevant skin parameters such as elasticity, crinkliness/wrinkliness, and evenness in different body areas such as face, hands, de′collete′, neck, backside, legs, and belly, all serving as secondary endpoints. The test product was found to be safe and very well tolerated. A cosmetically relevant improvement of the facial skin was demonstrated after administration of the collagen supplement.
关键词： dermonutrient,antiaging,skin beauty,collagen peptides,dermal collagen structure,oral collagen supplement
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Microscopy and Analysis || Automatic Interpretation of Melanocytic Images in Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
摘要： The frequency of melanoma doubles every 20 years. The early detection of malignant changes augments the therapy success. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) enables the noninvasive examination of skin tissue. To diminish the need for training and to improve diagnostic accuracy, computer-aided diagnostic systems are required. Two approaches are presented: a multiresolution analysis and an approach based on deep layer convolutional neural networks. For the diagnosis of the CLSM views, architectural structures such as micro-anatomic structures and cell nests are used as guidelines by the dermatologists. Features based on the wavelet transform enable an exploration of architectural structures at different spatial scales. The subjective diagnostic criteria are objectively reproduced. A tree-based machine-learning algorithm captures the decision structure explicitly and the decision steps are used as diagnostic rules. Deep layer neural networks require no a priori domain knowledge. They are capable of learning their own discriminatory features through the direct analysis of image data. However, deep layer neural networks require large amounts of processing power to learn. Therefore, modern neural network training is performed using graphics cards, which typically possess many hundreds of small, modestly powerful cores that calculate massively in parallel. Readers will learn how to apply multiresolution analysis and modern deep learning neural network techniques to medical image analysis problems.
关键词： convolutional neural networks,skin lesions,multiresolution image analysis,computer-aided diagnosis,confocal laser scanning microscopy,machine learning
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Xiamen, China (2019.12.17-2019.12.20)] 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Study on Average Power Handling Capacity of Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects
摘要： The accurate high-frequency modeling and average power handling capability (APHC) evaluation of doped multilayer graphene nanoribbon (GNR) interconnects are investigated in this paper. Based on the Boltzmann equation, both the normal skin effect (NSE) and anomalous skin effect (ASE) of GNRs in the high-frequency range are analyzed and compared. With the extracted electrical parameters, the APHC of GNR interconnects is predicted in a wide frequency range. The impact of ASE on APHC is illustrated for on-chip interconnect applications. Numerical examples show that the temperature rise will be seriously underestimated if the ASE is ignored in the high-frequency modeling.
关键词： anomalous skin effect,average power handling capability,high-frequency modeling,Graphene nanoribbon interconnects
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The effects of 755 nm alexandrite laser on skin dryness and pruritus
摘要： Introduction: The alexandrite laser (AL) is a very safe and effective treatment used for unwanted hair removal with a reported success rate of 40% to 80% at 6 months and after several treatment sessions. Although a diffuse variety of side effects has been observed during laser treatment, changes in skin dryness and pruritus before and after AL epilation have not been reported yet to the best of our knowledge. Aim: To investigate the effects of 755 nm alexandrite laser on skin dryness and pruritus at the beginning and in the third and the sixth month after the treatment. Material and methods: Forty three patients with Fitzpatrick skin types of II–IV aged 18–45 with leg hair were included in this prospective study. Patients were treated with 755 nm alexandrite laser with 10–12 mm spot size. According to the skin phototype, the settings of the laser were as follows: 12–22 J/cm2 and pulse width of 3 ms. For self-assessment by the patient, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was used before, at the third and sixth month of the treatment as to skin dryness and pruritus. The patients were evaluated by the same dermatologist with the same VAS. The values were compared between before-at the third month, before-at the sixth month and at the third and at the sixth month of the treatment. Results: Pruritus scores were statistically lower at the third month when compared with the baseline scores (p < 0.01). However, there was no difference between the third and sixth month of the treatment as to pruritus scores (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the scores before the treatment and the scores at the third month and at the sixth month as to skin dryness (p < 0.001). However, the difference was not prominent between the third and sixth month scores of skin dryness (p > 0.05). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study researching the effects of AL on pruritus and skin dryness. Further studies with larger samples and longer follow-up periods will be able to better clarify the association.
关键词： skin dryness,pruritus,alexandrite laser,hair removal
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The influence of MC1R dermal morphological features of photoexposed skin in women revealed by reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography
摘要： Background: The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is one of the major determinants of skin pigmentation. It is a highly polymorphic gene and some of its polymorphisms, have been related to specific skin phenotypes, increased risk of skin cancers and skin photoaging. Currently, its contribution to changes in dermal features in photo-exposed skin is unknown. Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential correlation between MC1R status and specific healthy photoexposed skin characteristics. Materials and methods: Skin facial features were estimated by evaluation with standard digital photography with automated features, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 100 healthy women. Skin of the forearms was used as a control. Results: The study found an association between RHC MC1R polymorphisms and dermal features in photoexposed areas being represented by increased vessel density and pixel density in OCT (p=0.025 and p=0.001, respectively) and increased coarse collagen in RCM (p=0.034), as compared to non-RHC subjects. To our knowledge this is previously unreported. Additionally, previously reported correlations between light hair and skin color and pigmented spots with MC1R RHC polymorphisms have been confirmed. Conclusions: Our results suggest the role of RHC MC1R variants in dermal variations of facial skin, as compared to non-RHC variants. To our knowledge this is previously unreported.
关键词： MC1R,melanocortin 1 receptor,reflectance confocal microscopy,skin photoaging,dynamic-optical coherence tomography
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Silver Nanoparticles-based Hydrogel for Potential Antibacterial Applications
摘要： Many commercially available electroencephalography (EEG) sensors, including conventional wet and dry sensors, can cause skin irritation and user discomfort owing to the foreign material. The EEG products, especially sensors, highly prioritize the comfort level during devices wear. To overcome these drawbacks for EEG sensors, this paper designs Societe Generale de Surveillance S · A · (SGS)-certi?ed, silicon-based dry-contact EEG sensors (SBDSs) for EEG signal measurements. According to the SGS testing report, SBDSs extract does not irritate skin or induce noncytotoxic effects on L929 cells according to ISO10993-5. The SBDS is also lightweight, ?exible, and nonirritating to the skin, as well as capable of easily ?tting to scalps without any skin preparation or use of a conductive gel. For forehead and hairy sites, EEG signals can be measured reliably with the designed SBDSs. In particular, for EEG signal measurements at hairy sites, the acicular and ?exible design of SBDS can push the hair aside to achieve satisfactory scalp contact, as well as maintain low skin-electrode interface impedance. Results of this paper demonstrate that the proposed sensors perform well in the EEG measurements and are feasible for practical applications.
关键词： Societe Generale de Surveillance S · A · (SGS),brain-computer interface,silicon-based dry sensors,electroencephalography (EEG),Non-skin irritation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser-Assisted Fabrication of a Highly Sensitive and Flexible Micro Pyramid-Structured Pressure Sensor for E-Skin Applications
摘要： A novel capacitive pressure sensor based on micro-structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layer was developed for wearable E-skin and touch sensing applications. The pressure sensor was fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, using PDMS and silver (Ag) as the dielectric and electrode layers, respectively. A set of PDMS films with pyramid shaped micro-structures were fabricated using a laser engraved acrylic mold. The electrodes (top and bottom) were fabricated by depositing Ag on PET films using additive screen-printing process. The pressure sensor was assembled by attaching the top and bottom Ag electrodes to the smooth side of pyramid shaped micro-structured PDMS (PM-PDMS) films. The top PM-PDMS was then placed on the bottom PM-PDMS. The capability of the fabricated pressure sensor was investigated by subjecting the sensor to pressures ranging from 0 to 10 kPa. A sensitivity of 0.221% Pa-1, 0.033% Pa-1 and 0.011% Pa-1 along with a correlation coefficient of 0.9536, 0.9586 and 0.9826 was obtained for the pressure sensor in the pressure range of 0 Pa to 100 Pa, 100 Pa to 1000 Pa, and 1 kPa to 10 kPa, respectively. The pressure sensor also possesses a fast response time of 50 ms, low hysteresis of 0.7%, recovery time of 150 ms and excellent cycling stability over 1000 cycles. The results demonstrated the efficient detection of pressure generated from various activities such as hand gesture and carotid pulse measurement. The PM-PDMS based pressure sensor offers a simple and cost-effective approach to monitor pressure in E-skin applications.
关键词： E-skin,Laser patterning,Pressure sensor,Micro-pyramid structure,Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),Screen printing process,Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Multi-Conference on Engineering, Computer and Information Sciences (SIBIRCON) - Novosibirsk, Russia (2019.10.21-2019.10.27)] 2019 International Multi-Conference on Engineering, Computer and Information Sciences (SIBIRCON) - Theoretical Substantiation for the Original Technique of Photodynamic Fractional Laser Photothermolysis (PFLP) for Dermatology, based on Intradermal Transport of Photosensibilisers
摘要： This review demonstrates the progress, current status and problems of photodynamic therapy and laser photothermolysis for various skin diseases and rejuvenation. These new minimally invasive technologies are detailed from the points of view of their advantages and disadvantages. Particular attention is paid to complications, associated with prolonged dermal phototoxicity after insufficient intravenous intradermal penetration of photosensibilisers after local application to skin. Finding a compromise between phototoxicity and insufficiency of local photosensibilisation we've developed a technical approach employed to overcome of limitations associated with targeted delivery of photosensibilisers into deep dermal layers. Intradermal delivery of photosensibilisers through so-called microthermal zones or dermal micropores, formed by focused pulse-periodic radiation of fiber laser, previously never used for photodynamic therapy of dermal disorders.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,intradermal transport,rejuvenation,drug delivery,skin diseases,photothermolysis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59