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Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Soft Materials Driven by Photothermal Effect and Their Applications
摘要： We are surrounded by soft materials. Most organs of the human body are made of soft materials. One defining characteristic of soft materials is that they can be readily deformed by external stimuli and stress. Even the thermal energy available at room temperature is sufficient to cause significant deformation in soft materials. de Gennes in his 1991 Nobel lecture emphasized “flexibility” as a defining characteristic of soft materials. Colloids, polymers, liquid crystals (LCs), gels, and biological materials are categorized as soft materials. Being pervasive in nature, soft materials have been a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers for the design and fabrication of stimuli‐responsive smart materials and systems for scientific investigations to understand the basic principles and technological application in devices and health care. Accordingly, a wide variety of engineered soft materials have been developed, which play a crucial role in modern technology. Soft nanotechnology, soft robotics, and soft lithography are examples that reflect the far‐reaching implications of soft materials in biology and engineering. Soft materials constitute one of the most stimulating interdisciplinary frontiers of modern science and are built on diverse experimental and theoretical foundations. Although soft materials in neat state have found a wide range of applications, fabrication of composites of soft materials by integrating other functional materials has recently become a common practice to realize advanced and tunable materials with enhanced properties for high‐tech applications. Incorporation of photothermal agents into the matrices of soft materials is one such emerging approach.
关键词： nanocomposites,soft materials,liquid crystals,photothermal therapy,polymers,gels,photothermal effect,actuators,drug delivery
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Soft Photoactuators in Microfluidics
摘要： Microfluidics, also known as lab‐on‐a‐chip (LOC) and micro‐total‐analysis‐system (μTAS), cover a set of multidisciplinary technologies dealing with the manipulation of small amounts of liquids to perform reactions, analyses, or fundamental investigations in biology, physics, and at the interdisciplinary frontiers. In contrast to the conventional bulky bench‐top instruments and the associated manual methods to handle large amounts of biological and chemical reagents that are pretty time consuming and not so environmentally friendly, a fine control over the motion of continuous fluids or nano/picoliter‐sized discrete droplets in microscale channels is beneficial in miniaturized systems. Therefore, there is a growing interest in downscaling the corresponding processes within LOCs and still retaining cost‐effectiveness and ease of fabrication. The microfluidic systems possess intrinsic features including minimized consumption of reagents, portability, increased automation, reduced time, and cost efficiency, which make them particularly attractive from a wide range of laboratory and industrial perspectives.
关键词： Microfluidics,Lab‐on‐a‐chip,Photoactuators,Soft materials,Micro‐total‐analysis‐system
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Soft material perforation via double-bubble laser-induced cavitation microjets
摘要： The resulting jet of two interacting laser-induced cavitation bubbles is optimized and studied as a technique for micro-scale targeting of soft materials. High controllability of double-bubble microjets can make such configurations favorable over single bubbles for applications where risk of ablation or thermal damage should be minimized such as in soft biological structures. In this study, double-bubble jets are directed toward an agar gel-based skin phantom to explore the application of micro-scale injection and toward a soft paraffin to quantify the targeting effectiveness of double-bubble over single-bubble jetting. The sharp elongation during the double-bubble process leads to fast, focused jets reaching average magnitudes of Ujet = 87.6 ± 9.9 m/s. When directed to agar, the penetration length and injected volume increase at ～250 μm and 5 nl per subsequent jets. Such values are achieved without the use of fabricated micro-nozzles seen in existing needle-free laser injection systems. In soft paraffin, double-bubble jetting produces the same penetration length as single-bubble jetting, but with ～45% reduction in damage area at a 3× greater target distance. Thus, double-bubble jetting can achieve smaller impact areas and greater target distances, potentially reducing collateral thermal damage and effects of strong shockwave pressures.
关键词： microjets,double-bubble jetting,soft materials,laser-induced cavitation,needle-free injection
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Light-Induced Shape Morphing of Thin Films
摘要： Shape transformation of thin two-dimensional sheets into three-dimensional structures using light is of great interest for remotely-controlled fabrication, surface modulation, and actuation. Over the last few decades, significant efforts have been made to develop materials systems incorporating photochemical or photothermal elements to drive deformation in response to illumination. However, the full extent of the interplay between chemistry, optics, and mechanics in these materials is poorly understood. In this Review, we introduce principles of shape morphing in these systems by considering the underlying physics of photo-induced stresses and how these have been used in recent literature. In addition, we provide a critical overview of the important design characteristics of both photochemical and photothermal system and offer our view on the open opportunities and challenges in this rapidly growing field.
关键词： soft materials,thin film mechanics,Photomechanics,polymers,light responsive materials,shape morphing,actuators
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Adsorption of Rose Bengal on a self-assembled fibrillar network affords a thermally switchable oxygenation photocatalyst and a thermochromic soft material
摘要： Adsorption of Rose Bengal on a self-assembled fibrillar network affords a thermally switchable oxygenation photocatalyst and a thermochromic soft material
关键词： self-assembly,photosensitizers,thermochromism,soft materials,supramolecular gels
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Photochemical Chirality Induction and Inversion in Soft Materials
摘要： Chirality or “handedness” is a prerequisite of the biological world, where life exists in a specific chirality. In living organisms, almost all the sugars are exclusively right‐handed (d‐isomer), amino acids are left‐handed (l‐isomer), and DNA coils assemble into right‐handed helices. The reason behind this homochirality is still an unresolved issue. Inspired by the natural homochirality, the scientific community has been interested in exploring the mechanism of transmission of chirality from the molecular level of monomeric units to the macro‐ or supramolecular level, as well as the origin of chirality. The supramolecular chirality in nature from self‐assembled achiral molecules and its specific handedness play a crucial role in the evolution of life and the development of supramolecular materials. While the chirality of molecules is of configurational and conformational origin, supramolecular level chirality arises from the organization of molecules, with formation of a chiral superstructure by means of long‐range positional and orientational orders of molecules.
关键词： Supramolecular,Polymers,Circularly Polarized Light,Photochromic Switches,Helical Structures,Liquid Crystals,Photochemical,Self-Assembly,Soft Materials,Chirality
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46