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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Performance of a SUNDISC cycle CSP plant for off-grid baseload applications in Chile
摘要： The dual-receiver SUNDISC cycle has previously been shown to generate electricity at a lower levelized cost and more reliably than combined cycle CSP plants without the low-pressure receiver. The utilization of such a plant as the provider of baseload power to an off-grid consumer, for example a mine, in northern Chile is investigated. The chosen location in the Atacama desert has high solar radiation and reasonably low ambient temperatures, however, the high altitude causes a severe decrease in Brayton cycle power output. The plant is simulated to provide an almost constant power output throughout the year from the two power cycles. Plant configurations with practically no fuel co-firing reach the lowest levelized cost of electricity, 0.14 USD/(kWeh) based on a conservative cost model, at less than 800 h annual time of no power generation. If fuel-based operation is allowed during some of these hours, the plant operates throughout the 8760 h per year and generates electricity at less than 0.15 USD/(kWeh) with co-firing rates of less than 8%. All these cost figures are significantly lower than for an alternative baseload off-grid solution based on Diesel generators.
关键词： Chile,CSP plant,off-grid,Rankine cycle,Brayton cycle,thermal energy storage,SUNDISC cycle,levelized cost of electricity,baseload,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Deploying enclosed trough for thermal EOR at commercial scale
摘要： Solar energy, in the form of enclosed trough direct steam generation, is now being deployed at scale to supply a portion of the energy demand for thermal enhanced oil recovery in Amal, Oman. Construction of the 1,021 MW Miraah project is well along and progress in cost reduction and labor productivity are evaluated. Results from the successful Manufacturing Verification Test and the Miraah Solar Steam Generator Project are presented and discussed. The Miraah data shows substantial reductions in material usage as a result of improved designs, increases in construction speed, and reductions in labor per unit of construction with deployment of enhanced tooling.
关键词： labor productivity,enclosed trough,thermal enhanced oil recovery,cost reduction,solar energy,direct steam generation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - MicroSol-R: Versatile solar facility for research and industry
摘要： Since February 2016, a new CSP micro-power plant called “MicroSol-R” is in operation at PROMES-CNRS. This platform aims at developing research and innovation in the field of heat transfer fluids, thermal energy storage, solar thermal power conversion at small scale, power plant operation strategy, etc. In addition, it was designed to be a useful tool for training. MicroSol-R is a versatile facility open to collaboration with industry and laboratories. This paper presents the facility and first results after one year of operation. The performances and characteristics of the solar field, the thermocline heat storage and the organic Rankine cycle are presented.
关键词： CSP,thermal energy storage,solar thermal power,heat transfer fluids,organic Rankine cycle,MicroSol-R
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Scalable heliostat calibration system (SHORT) - Calibrate a whole heliostat field in a single night
摘要： Efficient operation of a solar plant requires precise control of the solar field, in order to achieve the desired flux on the receiver. In order to do so, accurate knowledge about the relation between heliostat axis encoder values and the actual orientation of the reflective surface is essential. Such information is gained from heliostat calibration, making it an essential part of plant operation. Being able to perform such a calibration frequently allows maintaining high efficiency of the solar field, by compensating for drift or other deviations which can occur over time.Such a solution is imperative for using small sized heliostats, where the solar field potentially containstens or even hundreds of thousands of them.Even for whatever heliostat such a calibration allowsa more precise control on their aiming point leading to a better plant performance. The presented solution addresses this withan automatic procedure, which is able to calibrate a full solar field during one night by using cameras and artificial targets within the solar field. The method has been successfully tested at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA), showing that a beam accuracy of about 0.6 mrad can be achieved.
关键词： heliostat calibration,artificial targets,solar field,kinematic model,camera
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Numerical identification of mirror shapes with the backward-gazing method using an actual solar profile
摘要： Concentrated solar tower uses a huge number of heliostats and efforts are devoted to characterize the heliostats on-site at commissioning and during operation. The patented backward-gazing method with multiple cameras addresses the requirement of a fast and on-site optical characterization technique. This work concerns the study of the influence of the actual sun’s radiative intensity profile, recorded by a camera, on the accuracy of the mirror deformations identified by the post-treatment algorithms. An optimization algorithm was implemented and showed a satisfactory accuracy with maximum discrepancy of 7.3 % on the reconstructed facet slopes. The results show that the optimization method is the less sensitive to the noise and non-axisymmetricity of the sun’s intensity profile.
关键词： solar profile,backward-gazing method,heliostats,optimization algorithm,mirror deformations
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Revisiting field layout designs for large STE tower plants
摘要： Solar Thermal Electricity (STE/CSP) Tower Plants suffer a reduction on the solar field efficiency when their size increases. As plant-size is an important driver for the reduction of generation costs of STE plants - due to the relative impact of the power block and the O&M costs - plant-size could be a big disadvantage for tower plants. To cope with this issue a new rationale is proposed for designing the new generation of large tower plants. This paper demonstrates the performance benefits of the multitower approach, with single storage and power block and with northern fields versus large surrounded type; all at different latitudes and different atmospheric transmittance conditions. Field sizes of 50 MW equivalent - for plants with medium storage - appears to be a kind of standard for locations with relatively clear atmosphere while, in hazy locations, smaller sizes around 30 MW should be preferred. Besides the efficiency advantages, standardizing the designs and making them modular could also contribute to reduction of soft costs for this technology. As the improvement achieved in the solar field seems to offset the investment of an additional but smaller tower and receiver, the multitower approach might lead to a certain cost reduction of STE tower plants.
关键词： field efficiency,CSP,multitower approach,STE,northern fields,Tower Plants,Solar Thermal Electricity,atmospheric transmittance
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Preliminary tests of an integrated gas turbine-solar particle heating and energy storage system
摘要： Worldwide research efforts are aiming to push the operating temperature limit of CSP systems to improve efficiency and, as a result, the levelized cost of electricity. Furthermore, with higher operating temperatures, a number of new concepts become feasible, the most important of which are supercritical CO2 cycles and air Brayton cycles. Hybrid CSP-fossil fuel systems fall within the air Brayton family of concepts, where the solar field is used to preheat air, while a fossil fuel is burned to bring the air temperature to the firing temperature of a gas-fired Brayton turbine. To make this approach more attractive and environmentally friendly, it is desirable to maximize the solar “contribution” and minimize fuel assistance. This can be done by using novel receivers that increase the air temperature significantly and/or employing a recuperator, where the operating pressure and temperature are lower than conventional Brayton cycles. This paper presents information about an experimental integrated gas turbine-solar particle heating system that uses the hybrid approach. The system is located on the campus of King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and has a peak thermal power of 300 kW. In addition to providing details about the individual components and how they are integrated, the paper explains the start-up procedure, which consists of preheating the system with the heliostat field, followed by additional heating from the turbine itself until the nominal heat exchanger operating temperature is reached, at which point on-sun operation can commence. The study shows that solar preheating requires one to two days to complete, followed by a few hours of heating by the turbine to bring the temperature to about 560°C. Furthermore, with a temperature rise of up to 180°C in the particle heating receiver (and a drop of 10°C in the particle conveyor), the maximum particle temperature will approach 730°C, making the solar contribution significant. As larger scale systems will naturally allow for larger particle drop heights and higher temperature rises in the receiver, it is envisaged that maximum particle tempertures in those systems will approach the firing temperatures of recuperated turbines, making this solution technically, economically, and environmentally worth considering.
关键词： solar preheating,CSP systems,particle heating receiver,hybrid CSP-fossil fuel systems,gas turbine
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Particle swarm optimization of the layout of a heliostat field
摘要： We present a new solar field layout optimization method that combines the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with the parallelization power of the Graphical Processing Units (GPU). This new approach enables central receiver system designers to obtain very quickly an optimized field layout that take accurately into account all the optical losses (cosine effect, shadowing, blocking, atmospheric attenuation, and spillage). This is achieved by using a very fast implementation of a ray-tracing engine to compute the fitness objective (the annual performance of the field) that leverage the power of the parallel architecture of the GPUs. Initial results of the software on a couple of case studies are presented. These results demonstrate that solar field efficiency improvement is attainable with the proposed technique.
关键词： GPU,Heliostat Field,Ray-tracing,Solar Field Layout,Particle Swarm Optimization
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Sensitivity study on the off-ideal design and off-design operation of tubular solar receivers
摘要： Based on the optimum heat transfer conditions for tubular type high-temperature solar receivers using Sodium and Carbonate salt (Li2CO3 -Na2CO3-K2CO3), sensitivity studies on off-ideal design and off-design operation of the receivers were investigated. Off-ideal design applying non-ideal turbulence caused significant effect on the Carbonate salt receiver resulting in large efficiency decrease due to its high viscosity. Conservative receiver design with milder solar flux (allowing up to 30% marginal acceptable stress) created less than 3 % (in absolute receiver efficiency) efficiency decrease for both fluids. Degree of efficiency change under off-design (up to 40 % part load in solar input) operation showed around 10 % decrease in absolute efficiency. Analysis with non-ideal flux distribution revealed that local flux limit defined by the ideal condition can still be applicable even the real flux distribution is different from the ideal design condition.
关键词： solar receivers,Sodium,off-ideal design,off-design operation,Carbonate salt,sensitivity study
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Optical performance comparison between heliostat field generation algorithms
摘要： This paper summarizes the collaborative work done by CENER, Fraunhofer ISE and CRS4 within the scope of the STAGE-STE project related to heliostat field generation algorithms and their application to small heliostats (<10 m2). Radially staggered heliostat field layouts have been commonly applied to real solar fields with known results. However, their use in conjunction with small heliostats or the use of brand new ways for heliostat allocation, such natural pattern based algorithms, is still unknown. Herein, the most promising heliostat field generation algorithms are studied and compared, in annual optical efficiency terms, for different scenarios. These efficiencies correspond to the best heliostat layouts found by the optimization process that each generation algorithm can create, for three scenarios. Results show that the fields from the selected algorithms lead to similar optical efficiencies. The slight differences are not enough evidence to nominate one of the algorithms as the best choice, taking into account the inherent error of the simulation tools, the optimization process and further requirements needed in commercial applications (e.g. access paths) not coped in this study.
关键词： optical efficiency,small heliostats,heliostat field,solar power,generation algorithms
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14