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Local Tilt Optimization of Photovoltaic Solar Panels for Maximum Radiation Absorption
摘要： Incident solar radiation on photovoltaic (PV) solar panels is not constant throughout the year. Besides dependence on the season, solar radiation is reliant on the location and weather conditions. For a given location on Earth, the best-?xed orientation of a PV panel can be determined by achieving the maximum incident solar irradiance throughout the year or for a predetermined period. In this paper, we use a sophisticated atmospheric radiative transfer model to calculate the direct and di?use solar irradiation (radiant exposure) for the solar spectrum incident on PV solar panels to determine the best tilt angle of the panel in order to maximize absorption of solar radiation for selected periods. We used the Regula-Falsi numerical method to obtain the tilt angle at which the derivative of solar irradiation (concerning the tilt angle) approaches zero. Moreover, the spectral response of typical silicon cells is taken into account. These calculations were carried out in S?o Carlos (SP), a town in the southeast of Brazil. The best tilt angle was obtained for three selected periods. Additionally, we provide results for Southern latitudes ranging from 0° to ?55° in steps of ?5° for the meteorological seasons. We have shown that for each period, there is an increase in solar radiation absorption compared to the traditional installation angle based exclusively on the local latitude. These calculations can be extended to any location.
关键词： Regula-Falsi numerical method,solar radiation absorption,photovoltaic solar panels,tilt angle optimization,atmospheric radiative transfer model
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Print flexible solar cells
摘要： Conventional silicon solar cells account for more than 90% of global production, yet making them uses energy equivalent to about 10% of their lifetime output. The future of solar energy depends on a union of new and old technologies. If photovoltaic (PV) devices that turn light into electricity could be mass produced with printing presses, as if they were newspapers or banknotes, they could be affordable and ubiquitous. Conventional, silicon-based, solar panels are rigid and bulky. Small, thin and flexible PV devices on films are already being made that are lightweight and translucent. These use little material and can generate electricity in low light, even indoors. Integrating them into phones and watches, as well as walls and windows, would transform the world’s energy generation, reduce pollution and mitigate climate change.
关键词： photovoltaic devices,solar cells,printing technology,flexible solar panels,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Mensura??o da capacidade absortiva: um estudo nas empresas brasileiras fabricantes de coletores solares
摘要： This article aims to assess the Brazilian manufacturers of solar panels based on their absorptive capacity (AC) of new technological knowledge and innovation resulting from the assimilation and transformation of this same knowledge, in order to manufacture air conditioning equipment sourcing energy from high performance solar panels. It is an article of great relevance, given the current situation of Brazilian electricity sector and the need for energy efficiency and the use of alternative sources of energy, specifically solar. The theoretical framework addresses the concepts on AC, as well as how to evaluate and measure them. A quantitative research was performed in order to evaluate the AC of these manufacturers, applying a diagnostic tool adapted to the reality of Brazilian companies. The results of this research concluded that these companies do not yet have mature AC for developing an innovative product, showing a higher tendency for the potential dimension of AC when compared to the realized dimension. This finding corroborates the prospects for future research and development projects if the surveyed companies strengthen their ability to promote interactions with other organizations devoted to that same purpose.
关键词： Electricity sector,Innovation,Absorptive capacity,Solar panels
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Dew as a Detrimental Influencing Factor for Soiling of PV Modules
摘要： Soiling of photovoltaic (PV) modules can significantly reduce their energy yield by reflecting or absorbing the incident light and is of great importance for operation and maintenance of PV systems in dusty environments. In this paper, we examine the influence of dew—which is formed on PV modules during night and early morning hours—on soiling processes. Outdoor experiments were performed in desert conditions in Qatar using unheated and heated glass samples supplied with different heating powers, as well as outdoor microscopy studies. In addition, laboratory soiling experiments were performed using different dust types, controlled dust removal by centrifugal forces at different relative humidity levels, and defined dew cycles. Results from both the field tests and laboratory soiling experiments showed a significant impact of dew on particle adhesion, removal, and corresponding soiling rates, which was independent of the dust type. Microstructural investigations using electron microscopy were performed to determine the cause of increased particle adhesion. Heating of glass surfaces during the night can significantly reduce the processes of cementation, particle caking, and capillary aging and, thus, reduce soiling. This study indicates that the prevention of condensation can be a method to mitigate soiling.
关键词： Photovoltaic systems,surface contamination,solar panels,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Comparison of Bifacial Solar Irradiance Model Predictions With Field Validation
摘要： Models predicting rear irradiance for bifacial systems are critical to establish accurate estimates of energy yield. Here, we compare five published bifacial irradiance models, varying clearance, row spacing, tilt, and albedo to measure the sensitivity to these parameters. Bifacial energy gains (BGE) as high as 20% are predicted for some configurations. Model agreement is generally good for low ground clearance (clearance heights lower than 0.75 times the collector width), but at higher clearances, finite system size and edge effects become a significant factor in simulations, stretching assumptions of infinite system extent made in some models. In addition, rear irradiance uniformity is improved at high ground clearance, as expected. A test-bed construction and results are described for comparison between modeled and measured data in Golden, CO, USA. The investigations indicate that model agreement for BGE calculation is better than 2% (absolute) when compared with measured results, depending on the system configuration.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV) system modeling,Bifacial solar panels,irradiance modeling
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) - Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) - Automated Planning of Rooftop PV Systems with Aerial Image Processing
摘要： The increasing prevalence of photovoltaic (PV) panels for microgrid and off-grid energy applications makes affordable PV planning an important issue. Since recording rooftop area and dimensions traditionally required on-site measurements, the process was expensive, slow, and hard to scale. This research develops software that uses image processing for roof detection. Satellite images feed into the software, which estimates the rooftop area receiving solar exposure in that area as well as the number of individual buildings receiving solar exposure. In this way, entire villages can be analyzed automatically, and PV installations planned from afar, rather than requiring a human taking measurements of each building from the ground. This research further develops a GUI to accomplish this rooftop classification for users around the globe, making this capability available even to parties with low resources who would benefit from access to electricity. In this way, the study makes planning PV systems feasible and affordable for many scales of installation, from a single home to a city of numerous assorted buildings.
关键词： demand forecasting,solar panels,object detection,photovoltaic systems,microgrids
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14