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Co-electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for P-N junction photovoltaics and dye sensitized solar cells
摘要： Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (Cu2ZnSnS4/CZTS) thin films were deposited on fluorine/indium doped tin oxide (FTO/ITO) coated glass substrates by one step electrodeposition method followed by annealing in nitrogen gas carrying sulphur vapors for 15 min. Formation of pure Cu2ZnSnS4 phase was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Surface morphology of the films was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Optical measurements using UV–visible spectroscopy showed absorption coefficients in the order of 104–105 cm?1 and optical band gap of ～1.48 eV. Simple p-n junctions were formed by electrodepositing CZTS on cadmium sulphide thin films coated over ITO substrates and subsequent annealing. Current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of the junction showed a knee voltage of about 0.9 V indicating that a good open circuit voltage (Voc) can be obtained from a solar cell constructed using this junction. CZTS films deposited on FTO substrates were used as counter electrode (CE) in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to demonstrate CZTS as a potential substitute to the conventional platinum CE. Performance of the DSSC with CZTS CE was evaluated in comparison to Pt by determining the I-V characteristics under 1 sun illumination. The DSSC showed Voc of 0.77 V, short circuit current density of 1.85 mAcm?2, fill factor of 70.4% and 1% power conversion efficiency.
关键词： Non-hydrazine route,Solar energy material,Counter electrode,P-n junction,Co-electrodeposition,Dye sensitized solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Specifications of Photovoltaic Pumping Systems in Agriculture || Photovoltaic Energy: Basic Principles
摘要： The sun is a star which provides nearly 95% of its energy to generate nearly all the energy available on the earth. In fact, the earth energy is a direct or indirect conversion form of the sun’s lights. For instance, the solar heat ensures the plants evaporation-transpiration by converting the sunlight energy into storable chemical form through the photosynthesis process, which allows the fauna and flora to be maintained in the earth. Moreover, the sunlight is the source of generating wind and wave energies, by causing temperature difference in the atmosphere. Additionally, sunlight generates the photothermal and photovoltaic energies, which are used to provide electrical and heat energies. Consequently, sun means life.
关键词： P-N junction,Silicon atom,Solar radiation,Photovoltaic energy,Solar cell efficiency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Fullerene's ring: A new strategy to improve the performance of fullerene organic solar cells
摘要： Fullerene is a common acceptor of organic solar cells (OSCs), therefore, it is of great significance to improve the performance of fullerene OSCs. Meanwhile, π-π stacking plays a crucial part in charge transfer and transport, so improving π-π stacking of fullerene OSCs is vital for achieving high efficiency in OSCs. In this work, we report a new strategy of adding [9]cycloparaphenylene ([9]CPP) as the third component in active layers, which affects the π-π stacking and improves the short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). As a result, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.03% was obtained in PTB7-Th:[9]CPP:PC71BM ternary OSCs, which is nearly 20% higher than that of binary devices. At the same time, after [9]CPP is added PBDB-T:PC71BM and PTB7-Th:PCBM binary OSCs the PCE increases by 20% and 10% respectively. [9]CPP and fullerene acceptors formed [9]CPP?fullerenes system due to concave-convex π-π interactions, which was verified by density functional theory (DFT), and this system is first reported in OSCs. [9]CPP?fullerenes system affects the π-π stacking of acceptors, not only promotes charge transfer between donor and acceptor, but also enhances charge transport between the acceptor, thus improving the JSC. Furthermore, with the help of [9]CPP?fullerene system, the whole film is formed a nano-inter-transmission network, obtained a better appearance and improved FF. The results show that encapsulating fullerene of [9]CPP is indeed a resultful strategy for improving the performance of fullerene OSCs.
关键词： organic solar cells,cycloparaphenylenes,fullerene acceptors,ternary solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - A computationally efficient simulation method for optimizing front contacts of concentrator multijunction solar cells
摘要： In this work, a novel multidiode model is proposed for optimizing the front grid of multijunction solar cells operating under concentration conditions. The model allows for quickly exploring the maximum achievable efficiency under a wide range of operating conditions and design parameters such as the redirecting capability, period and width of the fingers, the light concentration, and the metal and emitter sheet resistivity. The proposed multidiode model shows to be consistent with experimental data and with more complex modeling approaches such as the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) model.
关键词： multijunction solar cells,concentrator photovoltaics,device modeling,solar cell front contact grids
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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10.34%-efficient integrated CsPbBr3/bulk-heterojunction solar cells
摘要： Inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have superior moisture- and thermal-stability in comparison with organic-specie or/and I-containing devices. However, the narrow-spectra absorption (<550 nm) arising from their large bandgap of 2.3 eV for CsPbBr3 halide has markedly limited the further efficiency enhancement of corresponding inorganic device, therefore a great challenge is to broaden the light response range without sacrificing environmental tolerances. In this work, we constructively fabricate a CsPbBr3/bulk-heterojunction (organic J61-ITIC) photoactive layer to widen the optical absorption range of inorganic CsPbBr3 based interlayer-free device. Arising from the broadened light response wavelength from 550 to 780 nm and precisely optimized crystal lattice by incorporating Rb into CsPbBr3 film, the optimal device achieves a power conversion efficiency up to 10.34% under one sun illumination. Upon persistent attacks by heat of 80°C (0% humidity) or 90% humidity (25°C) over 40 days, the solar cell can still remain approximately 96% of initial efficiency, demonstrating the excellent stability for practical application.
关键词： Inorganic perovskite solar cell,Wide-spectral absorption,Cesium lead bromide,Photoactive layer,Improved stability
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Enhancement of open circuit voltage of CdTe solar cell
摘要： In the present work, FTO/CdS/CdTe/Te/Al superstrate structured solar cell has been fabricated using thermal evaporation method. A 40 nm thin layer of P-type tellurium has been incorporated between CdTe and back contact to reduce the potential energy barrier by improving the quality of interfaces. The fabricated device characterized using UV–Visible-NIR spectroscopy and I–V measurement. The tellurium interlayer plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of the device. The fabricated device generated open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.7 V.
关键词： Open-circuit voltage (Voc),I–V characteristics,Thermal evaporator,Solar cell,Cadmium Telluride (CdTe),UV–Visible-NIR spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Reflectance and crystallinity of silicon solar cells with LIPSS produced by XeCl excimer laser pulses
摘要： Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were formed on silicon solar cell surfaces by using a XeCl excimer laser to irradiate them with nanosecond UV laser pulses in the fluence range 0.2–0.6 J/cm2 near the melting threshold fluence (Fth = 0.5 J/cm2) in air. We measured the reflectance of the silicon solar cells after laser irradiation and evaluated their crystallinity by Raman spectroscopy. We found that reflectance and crystallinity depended on laser fluence and number of pulses. For fluence of 0.5 J/cm2, the produced LIPSS contributed to a reduction of ΔR = 3.3% in reflectance at a wavelength of 500 nm. The crystallinity of the fine structures with reduced reflectance was maintained at laser fluences near the melting threshold.
关键词： Crystallinity,Nanosecond UV laser,Reflectance,LIPSS,Nanostructured silicon solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The photon absorber and interconnecting layers in multijunction organic solar cell
摘要： Organic photovoltaic devices have long been considered as an important alternative for coal-based energy technologies due to their low-cost, lightweight and flexible nature. However, the power conversion efficiencies of such cells are limited by thermalization and transmission losses, which can be overcome by stacking multiple cells in a tandem configuration. This approach allows utilization of the wider spectrum of solar light, helping in attaining the theoretical limits for single cell efficiency (~30%). However, the performance of such tandem organic solar cells depends largely on several factors, including the proper design of absorber, sub-cells and interconnecting layer materials. In this review, recent studies on the development of different fullerene, non-fullerene, small molecule acceptor based active layers have been reported. Also, some recent works in the field of the inorganic-organic hybrid tandem cells have been briefly discussed. The purpose of this review is manifold: to provide the readers with a comprehensive overview of past, current research, recent developments, and open problems of tandem organic solar cells.
关键词： Power conversion efficiency,Tandem solar cell,Absorber materials,Interconnecting layer,Organic photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Fabrication and optimization of nanocube mixed halide perovskite films for solar cell application
摘要： In this article, we report the tailoring of nanostructured mixed halide perovskite MAPb(I1-xBrx)3 films with tunable band gap fabricated by anion exchange reaction. In this process, we used PbBr2 and methyl ammonium iodide (MAI) in order to fabricate mixed halide perovskite films. We have observed an uncommon shape transformation from nanocube-hollow tetraoids-nanocubes/plate. The underlying mechanism of shape transformation was discussed based on experimental results. The driving force for such shape transformation is combined effect of anion exchange reaction between I? and Br? at the solid/liquid interface of PbBr2 and MAI, and mechanical driving force exerted by the spin coating process. The shape transformation is highly reproducible, verified by two step process, dipping as well as spinning process. The best performing device using the nanostructured perovskite films in a device architecture FTO/TiO2/MAPb(I1-xBrx)3/Spiri-OMeTAD/Au shows a current density (Jsc,) of 23.58 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.891 V and fill factor (FF) of 0.608, with a power conversion efficiency (η) of 12.79% in forward sweep. In reverse sweep, the device shows the Jsc (mA/cm2), Voc (V), FF, and η (%) are 23.852, 0.891, 0.716 and 15.237, respectively.
关键词： Nanostructured perovskite films,Anion exchange reaction,Shape transformation,Mixed halide perovskite films,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Sputtered indium tin oxide as a recombination layer formed on the tunnel oxide/poly-Si passivating contact enabling the potential of efficient monolithic perovskite/Si tandem solar cells
摘要： We focus on utilizing sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) as a recombination layer, having low junction damage to an n-type silicon solar cell with a front-side tunnel oxide passivating electron contact, thereby enabling the development of a high efficiency monolithic perovskite/Si tandem device. High transparency and low resistivity ITO films are deposited via low power DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature onto a front-side thin SiOx/n+ poly-Si contact in a complete Cz n-Si cell with a back-side Al2O3/SiNx passivating boron-diffused p+ emitter on a random pyramid textured surface. We report the cell characteristics before and after ITO sputtering, and we find a cure at 250 °C in air is highly effective at mitigating any sputtering induced damage. Our ITO coated sample resulted in an implied open-circuit voltage (iVoc) of 684.7 ± 11.3 mV with the total saturation current density of 49.2 ± 14.8 fA/cm2, an implied fill factor (iFF) of 81.9 ± 0.8%, and a contact resistivity in the range of 60 mΩ-cm2 to 90 mΩ-cm2. After formation of a local Ag contact to the rear emitter and sputtered ITO film as the front-side contact without grid fingers, the pseudo-efficiency of 20.2 ± 0.5% was obtained with the Voc of 670.4 ± 7 mV and pseudo FF of 77.3 ± 1.3% under simulated one sun with the calculated short-circuit current density of 30.9 mA/cm2 from the measured external quantum efficiency. Our modelling result shows that efficiency exceeding 25% under one sun is practically achievable in perovskite/Si tandem configuration using the ITO recombination layer connecting a perovskite top cell and a poly-Si bottom cell.
关键词： Tandem solar cell,Transparent conductive oxide,Polycrystalline silicon,Passivating contacts,Perovskite,TOPCon
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59