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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Pure-Quartic Solitons from a Dispersion Managed Fibre Laser
摘要： In optical fibre resonators, the balance between anomalous quadratic dispersion and self-phase modulation (SPM) gives rise to optical solitons [1]. These pulses have made a significant impact in a wide range of photonic applications including telecommunications and lasers. However, these conventional soliton-based lasers can only deliver modest pulse energy due to the appearance of Kelly sidebands arising from periodical perturbations in the cavity [2] and a fixed energy-width scaling. Recently, a new class of soliton, arising from the balance of anomalous quartic dispersion and SPM, called pure-quartic soliton (PQS), were observed in a dispersion engineered photonic crystal waveguide [3]. PQSs have huge potential for generating ultrashort pulses with high energy due to their generalized area theorem (E ~ 1/(cid:507)(cid:306)3), however they are yet to be observed in fibre platforms [4]. Here we report on the generation of PQS pulses from a passively mode-locked fibre laser incorporating a programmable spectral pulse-shaper that induces a dominant quartic net cavity dispersion. We find that the spectral profile of the generated pulses are in good agreement with the spectral shape of PQSs [3]. We also observe spectral sidebands in this quartic-dispersion cavity, in analogy to the conventional soliton case [2], and find that their positions are in excellent agreement with analytic predictions. These are strong evidences of a novel type of mode-locked laser, the PQS laser, which has the potential to reach dramatically higher energies at short pulse durations than its conventional soliton counterpart [3,4].
关键词： dispersion managed fibre laser,pure-quartic solitons,optical solitons,photonic applications,self-phase modulation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Experimental Observation of Coexisting Differently Polarized Cavity Solitons in a Monochromatically Driven Passive Kerr Resonator
摘要： Temporal cavity solitons (CSs) are pulses of light that can recirculate in coherently-driven, dispersive, Kerr resonators without changes in their shape or energy. They underpin applications such as fiber resonator all-optical buffers [1] and coherent microresonator frequency combs [2]. Because they are associated with a unique attractor of the underlying dynamical system, all CSs coexisting in a resonator are expected to be identical. However, studies have shown [2, 3], that if two different cavity modes are simultaneously driven, nonidentical CSs can coexist. In [2], two orthogonal polarization modes were driven with a bichromatic field and coexistence of differently polarized nonidentical CSs was observed. According to [4], under certain conditions the same can be achieved using a monochromatic field, a prospect yet to be experimentally confirmed. In this contribution, we report on the experimental observation of coexistence between two differently polarized nonidentical vector CSs (VCSs) in a monochromatically driven passive Kerr resonator. We use a 85-m-long fiber-ring resonator made out of standard single-mode fiber closed onto itself with a 95/5 coupler. The resonator supports two orthogonal principal polarization modes and is driven with synchronized flat-top pulses carved from a narrow linewidth continuous-wave laser, polarized such that both modes are excited. By changing the birefringence of our resonator with an intracavity polarization controller, the two modes are partly overlapped. The detuning of our driving laser is locked within the overlap region and nonidentical VCSs excited by mechanically perturbing the resonator. We monitor the intracavity dynamics using a real-time oscilloscope and an optical spectrum analyzer. Polarization controllers and polarizing beam-splitters are used to separately monitor the two modes of the cavity. Figures 1(a)–(c) show the roundtrip-by-roundtrip evolutions of the total and polarization resolved intracavity intensities. Two VCSs are trapped to opposite edges of our 4.5 ns driving pulses [Fig. 1(a)]; polarization resolved measurements reveal they have different polarizations [Figs. 1(b) and (c)]. Figures 1(d) and (e) show optical spectra measured along the two polarization axes. Since the VCSs are associated with different detunings, they exhibit different spectral widths, which also implies different temporal durations and peak powers [c.f. Fig. 1(f)]. In conclusion, we have made the first experimental observation of coexisting differently polarized nonidentical VCSs in a monochromatically driven passive Kerr resonator. Our findings could be relevant for multiplexed microresonator frequency comb systems.
关键词： vector cavity solitons,Kerr resonator,Temporal cavity solitons,monochromatic field,polarization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Optical Solitons With M-Truncated and Beta Derivatives in Nonlinear Optics
摘要： This paper studies optical solitons with M-truncated and beta derivatives (BD) for the Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) with Kerr Law nonlinearity. Two well-known integration schemes which are generalized tanh method (GTM) and generalized Bernoulli sub-ODE method (GBM) are utilized to extract such optical soliton solutions. For the successful existence of the solutions, the constraints conditions have been presented. The discussion for the physical features of the obtained solutions is reported.
关键词： complex Ginzburg-Landau equation,optical solitons,generalized Bernoulli sub-ODE method,generalized tanh method,beta derivative
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Soliton-effect optical pulse compression in CMOS-compatible ultra-silicon-rich nitride waveguides
摘要： The formation of optical solitons arises from the simultaneous presence of dispersive and nonlinear properties within a propagation medium. Chip-scale devices that support optical solitons harness high field confinement and flexibility in dispersion engineering for significantly smaller footprints and lower operating powers compared to fiber-based equivalents. High-order solitons evolve periodically as they propagate and experience a temporal narrowing at the start of each soliton period. This phenomenon allows strong temporal compression of optical pulses to be achieved. In this paper, soliton-effect temporal compression of optical pulses is demonstrated on a CMOS-compatible ultra-silicon-rich nitride (USRN) waveguide. We achieve 8.7× compression of 2 ps optical pulses using a low pulse energy of ～16 pJ, representing the largest demonstrated compression on an integrated photonic waveguide to date. The strong temporal compression is confirmed by numerical calculations of the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation to be attributed to the USRN waveguide’s large nonlinearity and negligible two-photon absorption at 1550 nm.
关键词： ultra-silicon-rich nitride,nonlinear Schr?dinger equation,pulse compression,optical solitons,CMOS-compatible
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Soliton Molecules in Self-Mode-Locked Ring-Cavity Er/Yb Double-Clad Fiber Laser
摘要： In this paper, generation of soliton molecules by a self-mode-locked Er/Yb double clad fiber laser is experimentally demonstrated. The optical spectrum of the bound solitons exhibits eight well defined peaks at ~1563 nm with high modulation depth. The corresponding autocorrelation measurement shows a fundamental trace with several narrow peaks, suggesting the presence of bound solitons. The obtained results demonstrate the reliability of our simple laser configuration for the formation of more robust soliton molecules as the pump power is increased. The soliton molecules exhibit repetition rate of 19.54 MHz and average power of 1.2 W, achieved with a pump power of ~4.8 W.
关键词： mode-locked lasers,Fiber laser,pulse propagation and temporal solitons
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Controlling the Temporal Trajectory of Solitons in Silver Nanoparticle Doped Fibre
摘要： Silver nanoparticle doped photonic crystal fibres (SNPCF) exhibit negative Kerr nonlinearity over certain wavelength ranges [1]. At some specific wavelength, the nonlinearity vanishes representing a zero-nonlinearity (ZN) point, allowing for new propagation dynamics of solitons due to controllable interaction of dispersion and nonlinearity [2]. Here we show that the presence of a ZN point significantly influences the temporal trajectory of a soliton during the process of supercontinuum (SC) generation. The input pulse launched in the anomalous dispersion domain but with negative nonlinearity, close to zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW), generates bright solitons exhibiting complex acceleration, deceleration, and shaping behaviour, due to Raman effect, nonlinear dispersion and the four-wave mixing interaction processes. We study the variations of dynamics for different ZN points demonstrating the efficient control of soliton trajectories.
关键词： supercontinuum generation,solitons,nonlinear dispersion,zero-nonlinearity point,silver nanoparticle doped fibre
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Dispersive solitons in optical fibers and DWDM networks with Schr?dinger–Hirota equation
摘要： This paper secures dispersive solitons in polarization-preserving fibers, birefringent fibers and DWDM networks. The extended simplest equation approach analyzes the governing Schr?dinger–Hirota equation. A wide spectrum of soliton solutions is yielded.
关键词： Extended simplest equation,Dispersive solitons,Birefringence,DWDM
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Statistical Properties of Phase and Eigenvalues of Nonlinear Fourier Transform of Second Order Solitons
摘要： Due to the inherently nonlinear nature of optical fibres, the increased demand for transmission capacity means that fibre optic communication systems will reach a limit, known as the Linear Capacity Limit. A radically new solution has received significant attention in the past few years, which is based on Nonlinear Fourier Transform (NFT). Under NFT a signal q(t) in time domain transforms into a continuous, qc(λ), and a discrete, qd(λk), complex spectral part, with continuous and discrete eigenvalues λ, and λk, respectively. Considering only multisolitons (a class of optical signals that have discrete NFT eigenvalues), it is well-known that 1) complex eigenvalues λk are invariant, and 2) the spectral part propagates as: (cid:3031)((cid:1878)) = |(cid:1869)(cid:3038) (cid:1869)(cid:3038) (cid:3031)(0)|(cid:1857)(cid:3037)(cid:2957)((cid:3053)); Φ((cid:1852)) = ∠(cid:1869)(cid:3038) (cid:3031)(0) ? 4(cid:2019)(cid:3038) (cid:2870) (cid:1878), where |(cid:1869)(cid:3038) (cid:3031)(0)| and ∠(cid:1869)(cid:3038) (cid:3031)(0) are the initial spectral amplitude and phase associated with the eigenvalue λk, respectively. In the discrete NFT domain, QPSK modulation has been proposed to encode data on the phase of the NFT spectral components qd(λk). For efficient encoding/decoding of the proposed modulation schemes, it is crucial to have knowledge of NFT noise perturbation on spectral phases and eigenvalues. There are limited reports on correlations among eigenvalues in multi-soliton systems and correlation between eigenvalues and their corresponding phases. However, there is no report with detailed analysis of correlation properties among NFT parameters of multi-soliton signals as a function of initial signal parameters. Here, we investigate correlations of the discrete spectra components in a two-eigenvalue system related to their relative NFT phase differences and distinguish a correlation pattern, which reaches extreme values at a NFT phase difference of π. We show this pattern to be unrelated to the choice of eigenvalues nor their spectral amplitude or constant phase offsets. We show that not only the eigenvalues but also the phases of signals in NFT domain are correlated, approaching a maxima at a NFT phase differences of π. We consider second-order solitons with different eigenvalue pairs, where for each of them, 129 symbols have been defined in the NFT domain with varying initial NFT phase differences Φ1,2=∠qd 2 between 0 and 2π, representing Φ1,2 on discrete positions of propagation over z. For every symbol, 1500 copies have been produced and exposed to white Gaussian noise. Using a combination of the fast inverse NFT algorithm and bidirectional NFT algorithm, each signal is translated into time domain, introduced to Gaussian noise, and translated back into NFT domain. The resulting scattering data has been used to estimate the eigenvalues λ1,2 and corresponding spectral components qd 1,2. The ellipticity (defined as the relative difference of principal axes of the scattering cloud) as a function of phase difference for a range of eigenvalue pairs, Fig.1 a,b, shows almost an ellipse at a phase difference of π and a circle at π/2. While both (Im((cid:79)1),Im((cid:79)2)) and (∠qd 2) are highly correlated at the phase difference of π, |Correlation coefficient|≈1, they are negative of each other, where its reason is under investigation. These correlation properties help to gain deeper physical insight of noise properties of signals in NFT domain, which is crucial for developing efficient NFT communication schemes.
关键词： phase,eigenvalues,Nonlinear Fourier Transform,correlation,solitons
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Topological Control of Optical Nonlinear Waves
摘要： Controlling nonlinear optical processes is a signi?cant challenge in photonics. Shock waves, rogue waves, and solitons are widespread, from optics to hydrodynamics. Intense research is dedicated to advanced techniques for tailoring extreme waves and ?nding the conditions to induce transitions from one kind of wave to another. We develop a new strategy to supervise, modify or tune a laser beam in third-order nonlinear materials, when light propagation is ruled by the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation (NLSE). We denote our approach topological control (TC). TC is based on the one-to-one correspondence between the number of wave packet oscillating phases and the genus of toroidal surfaces associated with the NLSE solutions by the Riemann theta function [1]. For a box-shaped wave in a focusing Kerr medium, TC allows to control transitions from dispersive shock waves (DSWs), to rogue waves (RWs) and soliton gases (SGs). We prove that our method is experimentally realizable in a photorefractive crystal [2]. Speci?cally, we use the parametric time-dependence of photorefractive nonlinearity to shape the asymptotic wave pro?le. We tailor time-dependent propagation coef?cients, as nonlinearity and dispersion, to explore each region in the state-diagram [Fig. 1(a)] and observe all the phases in the nonlinear wave evolution [Fig. 1(b)]. This new technique casts light on focusing DSWs and RW generation, and can be extended to many other nonlinear phenomena, from classical to quantum ones.
关键词： photorefractive crystal,nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation,topological control,nonlinear optical processes,shock waves,rogue waves,solitons
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser with Zirconium disulfide on D-shaped Fiber
摘要： Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as highly anisotropic layered compounds, have attracted increasing interest from basic research to practical applications. Among them, zirconium disulfide (ZrS2) with remarkable physical properties has been widely investigated recently. Here, ZrS2 employed as a saturable absorber is utilized in an Er-doped fiber laser. A stable mode-locking operation is achieved, with central wavelength of ~1559.5 nm, 3 dB bandwidth of ~1.72 nm, and pulse duration of ~1.75 ps. These results make ZrS2 an appealing candidate for generating ultrafast laser pulses.
关键词： Mode-locked,Laser,Solitons
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04