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Morphological control of TiO2 nanocrystals by solvothermal synthesis for dye-sensitized solar cell applications
摘要： TiO2 nanocrystals TETA1, TPRA2, TIPA3, TBUA4, TTBA5, and TBNA6 were prepared using ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol, through the alcohol-based solvothermal method. The morphology, size, and crystallinity of the TiO2 nanocrystals were characterized utilizing transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. These six TiO2 nanocrystals with different morphologies were used as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and their cell efficiencies were 8.08 % (TETA1), 8.38 % (TPRA2), 9.18 % (TIPA3), 7.68 % (TBUA4), 7.85 % (TTBA5), and 6.10 % (TBNA6). Among them, the well dispersed rod-shaped one-dimensional TiO2 (TIPA3) photoanode based cell showed the best power conversion efficiency due to its highest dye loading and excellent light-harvesting capacity. This TIPA3 cell demonstrated a fast electron transport rate with suppressed charge recombination which was confirmed from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
关键词： dye loading,TiO2 nanocrystals,power conversion efficiency,solvothermal synthesis,dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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White luminescent single-crystalline chlorinated graphene quantum dots
摘要： White luminescent materials have been generating much excitement because of their wide-ranging potential applications. However, challenging synthesis, cytotoxicity and performance of current reported white luminescent materials still hinder their potential applications. Owing to their non-toxicity, excellent optical properties, and amenability to surface modification, white-light-emitting graphene quantum dots (WGQDs) are considered to be a next-generation white luminescent material to replace these above-mentioned conventional materials. The inherent challenge in WGQDs is their massive defects are known to give poor white optical properties. In the proof-of-concept, we designed and synthesized a novel WGQDs via a solvothermal molecular fusion route. The modulation of chlorine doping amount and reaction temperature gives the WGQDs a single-crystalline structure, bright white fluorescence and novel white phosphorescence performance for the first time. An optimum fluorescence quantum yield of WGQDs is 34%, which exceeds the majority of reported WGQDs and other white luminescent materials. The WGQDs display broad-spectrum absorption within almost the entire visible light region, broad full width at half maximum and extend their phosphorescence emission to the entire white long-wavelength region. This unique dual-mode optical characteristic of the WGQDs enlarges their applications in white light emission devices, cell nuclei imaging, and information encryption.
关键词： solvothermal molecular fusion,white luminescent materials,fluorescence,graphene quantum dots,phosphorescence,chlorine doping
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fabrication and TCAD validation of ambient air-processed ZnO NRs/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD solar cells
摘要： This paper reports the fabrication, characterization and simulation of hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in ambient condition. The proposed PSC structures use a CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite based active layer sandwiched between a ZnO nanorods (NRs) electron transport layer (ETL) and a spiro-OMeTAD (undoped and doped) hole transport layer (HTL). The ZnO NRs are grown using low-cost solvothermal process at relatively low temperature. The performance of fabricated PSCs are analyzed for both the undoped and doped (with TBP and LiTFSI) spiro-OMeTAD based HTLs. All the solar parameters namely, short circuit current density (JSC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) are calculated from experimentally measured current density versus voltage (J-V) and wavelength transient characteristics in ambient condition. The maximum PCE of 10.18% is obtained for the doped HTL whereas 9.51% for undoped HTL. The improved performance due to HTL doping is attributed to the enhanced charge transportation of the HTL. The experimental results obtained from the fabricated PSCs are also compared with the SetFosTM TCAD simulation data using drift-diffusion model. The simulated results are observed to be well matched to the experimental data.
关键词： Perovskite,ZnO nanorods,solvothermal method,power conversion efficiency,solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Size effect-enhanced thermoelectric properties of nanoscale Cu2-xSe
摘要： As a promising thermoelectric material, copper selenides have attracted the interest of researchers owing to their low cost, abundance in earth, environmental friendliness, and low thermal conductivity. In this study, copper selenide (Cu2-xSe) powders with controllable sizes from nanoscale to mesoscale were obtained by a facile one-pot solvothermal method. After treatment with spark plasma sintering, the nanoscale Cu2-xSe pellets exhibited excellent thermoelectric properties such as sharply reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced Seebeck coefficient as well as a suppressed electrical conductivity. The figure of merit (ZT) of the nanoscale Cu2-xSe reached up to ~1.51 at 873 K, which is about 2.67 times higher than that of the meso-Cu2-xSe. This study confirms that thermoelectric properties can be enhanced by the size effect.
关键词： size effect,solvothermal method,thermoelectric property,Copper selenide,nanoscale
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Photocatalytic and adsorption property of ZnS–TiO <sub/>2</sub> /RGO ternary composites for methylene blue degradation
摘要： The visible light–driven ZnS–TiO2/RGO nanocomposites, with good visible light–driven photocatalytic activity, utilizing graphene oxide as precursor, were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal thermal method with graphene oxide as precursor. Ti4+ ions were derived from titanium dioxide powder (TiO2, P25) and tetrabutyl titanate. S2- ions were provided by sodium sulfide and zinc acetate, respectively. The photocatalytic and absorbance activity of the nanocomposites was investigated through the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. The results showed that the ZnS–TiO2/RGO nanocomposite prepared by tetrabutyl titanate exhibited better photocatalytic and adsorbance activity for methylene blue under visible light irradiation and its photocatalytic efficiency reached 90% in 60-min light irradiation, almost 1.5 times that of the synthesized ZnS–TiO2/RGO by P25, which was attributed to a cooperative reaction because of an increase of photo-absorption effect of graphene sheets and photocatalytic effect of ZnS nanoparticles. The adsorbance activity for ZnS–TiO2/RGO–tetrabutyl titanate) reached 48%, which was almost 1.7 times higher than that of ZnS–TiO2/RGO-P25 and almost 3.7 times higher than that of ZnS/RGO.
关键词： nanocomposites,graphene,Solvothermal method,adsorptance,TiO2,photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Hierarchical CoFe-Layered double hydroxide and g-C3N4 heterostructures with enhanced bifunctional photo/ electrocatalytic activity towards overall water splitting
摘要： To achieve sustainable and clean energy for the hydrogen economy, developing efficient earth-abundant and non-noble transition metal photo/electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting is highly desirable. In this work, layered double hydroxide (LDH)@g-C3N4 composites with hierarchical flower-like micro/nanosheets and high surface area have been synthesized by a solvothermal method. HRTEM images exhibit that the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets is highly orientation with the main exposure of (002) plane. Compared with the pristine CoFe-LDH, the hierarchical nanocomposite presents an excellent and stable electrocatalytic performance in 1.0 M KOH, with a small Tafel slope of 58 mV/dec and an overpotential of about 275 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Simultaneously, CoFe-LDH@g-C3N4 exhibits an exceptional performance for the HER in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, with the overpotential of 417 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and a small Tafel slope of 77 mV/dec. Therefore, this work not only accomplishes improved catalytic activity of the CoFe-LDH by the introduction of g-C3N4 nanosheets, but also provides an insight into the correlation between the hierarchical flower-like morphologies and photo/electrochemical catalytic activity for overall water splitting.
关键词： bifunctional activity,photo/electrocatalysts,hierarchical CoFe-LDH@g-C3N4,solvothermal method,overall water splitting
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Oxygen vacancy-assistant enhancement of photoluminescence performance of Eu3+ and La3+-codoped BiOCl ultrathin nanosheets
摘要： The Eu3+ and La3+ co-doped BiOCl ultrathin nanosheets were prepared through a facile solvothermal method. The samples were characterized using different techniques to study the structure, morphology, and luminescence. The solvothermal derived samples exhibit the morphology of ultrathin nanosheet. The photoluminescence spectrum of the Eu3+ ions doped BiOCl sample shows a broad emission band in the wavelength range of 380–480 nm due to the oxygen vacancies present in the sample. The spectrum also shows sharp characteristic emission peaks of Eu3+ ions. The intensity of this broad emission band increases with the incorporation of La3+ ions, due to the increase in oxygen vacancies. These results were demonstrated by the XPS spectra for all the samples. It was found that the overall luminescence intensity for the BiOCl: Eu3+, La3+ ultrathin nanosheet was about 300% stronger than the BiOCl: Eu3+ ultrathin nanosheet. As the La3+ ions concentration increases the CIE values shift from bluish-white region to white.
关键词： Oxygen vacancy,Solvothermal,Photoluminescence,BiOCl,Ultrathin nanosheet
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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One-step <i>in situ</i> synthesis of BiOCl/(BiO) <sub/>2</sub> CO <sub/>3</sub> composite photocatalysts with exposed high-energy {001} facets
摘要： Tailoring the chemical composition and morphology of a composite photocatalyst is a key way to achieve superior photocatalytic activity. In this work, a simple method has been developed to controllably prepare BiOCl/(BiO)2CO3 composite photocatalysts with exposed {001} facets. The chemical composition and morphology of the BiOCl/(BiO)2CO3 composites can be easily tuned by simply changing the ethanol/water volume ratio in the initial reaction system. The precursor of guanidine hydrochloride not only acts as the source of chloride and carbonate ions to form the BiOCl/(BiO)2CO3 composites, but also acts as the crystal growth inhibitor to control the growth of BiOCl nanosheets. The composites exhibit superior photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation, which can be ascribed to the type-II band alignment and intimate interfacial contacts between BiOCl nanosheets and (BiO)2CO3 nanoparticles, as well as their exposed high-energy facets. Both the formation mechanism of the BiOCl/(BiO)2CO3 composite and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism have been investigated and proposed.
关键词： BiOCl/(BiO)2CO3 composite,solvothermal synthesis,exposed {001} facets,photocatalytic degradation,photocatalyst
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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N-donor ligand driven CdII-based coordination polymers: synthesis, structures and highly selective luminescence sensing for Fe3+ ions
摘要： Three CdII-based coordination polymers (CPs), formulated as [Cd2(dnpdc)3(DMSO)3·0.5H2O]n (1), [Cd(dnpdc)(bpee)] n (2) and {Cd(dnpdc)(bimb)·2H2O}n (3) have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 exhibits a 4-fold interpenetrated 3D diamond network based on dinuclear Cd2(OCO)3 cluster. Compound 2 features 3D frameworks constructed from the 2D [Cd(dnpdc)]n sheets pillared by 1D zig-zag shaped [Cd(bpee)]n chains. In compound 3, the mononuclear CdII units are mixed connected by the dnpdc2- and bimb ligands, yielding the 6-fold interpenetrated 3D diamond network. The fluorescence measurements reveal that three compounds exhibit intense blue emission in the solid state. In particular, compound 3 exhibits highly selective chemical sensing for Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution.
关键词： Coordination polymers,Fluorescent properties,Solvothermal reaction,Chemical sensor,Heterolinker strategy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Exploration of the Potential Efficacy of Natural Resource Derived Blue Emitting Graphene Quantum Dots in Cancer Therapeutic Application
摘要： Coal is the most abundant natural resource being used worldwide and shows graphite-like clusters. Here, we report an innovative and cost effective oxidative functionalization approach followed by acid-free and oxone oxidant-assisted solvothermal synthesis of graphene quantum dots from coal for the first time. This oxidative functionalization method of coal has been performed through heat treatment of nitric acid followed by acid recovery process. Indeed, solvothermal method is entirely free from the utilization of strong acids; and involves a simple, eco-friendly, and salt free purification process with high production yield (~45%). Due to the synergistic synthesis technique, our developed GQDs are found to exhibit a strong blue photoluminescence (PL) characteristic with significantly high quantum yield (~14.42 %). High resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images indicate that nanocrystalline GQDs have uniform and narrow particle size distribution in the range of 2.5-5 nm. The anticancer efficacy of the synthesized GQDs nano material is validated through cellular morphological pattern analysis and DAPI stain images of neuroblastoma cell and breast cancer cell. Additionally, the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential is scrutinized using JC1 micrographs. Interestingly, RITC tagged GQDs are showing cellular internalization within breast cancer cells. The robust functionality, luminescence stability, nanosecond lifetime, biocompatibility and low toxicity of our developed GQDs enable them to be promising probes for cancer therapeutic applications. This study unveils new opportunities for sustainable production of GQDs with novel attributing features because of the easily available of raw material, cost-effective productivity and fascinating photoluminescence property.
关键词： Oxidative functionalization,Coal,Cancer cell,Photoluminescence,Solvothermal synthesis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59