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Positron emission tomography/computed tomography outperforms MRI in the diagnosis of local recurrence and residue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An update evidence from 44 studies
摘要： Studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in five electronic databases were systematically searched online from the inception to June 5, 2018. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the updated Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Data of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and the 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a bivariate random‐effect model. Forty‐four studies with 61 groups of data and totally 3369 patients were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis analysis. The overall estimated sensitivity and specificity of positron emission tomography/computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET‐CT/MRI) for local recurrent/residual NPC were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The pooled area under the curve of (AUC) of PET‐CT/MRI in the summary receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.94. Subgroup analysis showed MRI vs PET‐CT had lower sensitivity (0.83 vs 0.92) and specificity (0.78 vs 0.89). The AUCs of MRI and PET‐CT were 0.87 and 0.96, respectively. No‐cross of 95% CI was found in MRI vs PET/CT (0.87‐0.90 vs 0.94‐0.98). Meta‐regression showed PET/CT vs MRI was a potential source of heterogeneity. PET/CT and MRI both showed quite high overall ability in diagnosing local recurrent/residual NPC, but the subgroup analysis indicated PET‐CT was superior over MRI in diagnosis of local recurrence and residue of NPC after radiotherapy. The examination methods affected the heterogeneity within studies.
关键词： specificity,positron emission tomography/computed tomography,sensitivity,magnetic resonance imaging,recurrence/residue,nasopharyngeal carcinoma
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Detection of visual field defects by opticians - with Damato Multifixation Campimetry Online
摘要： Purpose: To study Damato Multifixation Campimetry Online (DMCO), an inexpensive online visual field test, used for screening at optician shops in Denmark. Methods: This was an evaluation of a diagnostic test and customers were included if minimum 50 years old, with a visual acuity of minimum 0.5 and with less myopia than 6 D. Standard equipment was a computer, a wireless mouse and a computer monitor. We used the 'DMCO STANDARD 4,5' algorithm for screening. DMCO results were electronically transmitted to the authors. Customers with a positive DMCO test received an eye examination including the reference standard Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer 30–2 SITA Fast test. A subset of control participants with a negative DMCO test received the same examination in order to estimate the number of false and true negatives. DMCO specificity and sensitivity were estimated according to five reference standards with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The population comprised 627 individuals, 381 women and 246 men, from 13 optician shops. Mean age was 62 years (SD 7.4). DMCO was positive in 32 individuals and 27 individuals were classified as 'true positives' with diagnoses such as glaucoma, cataract and neurological visual field defects. Of the 595 individuals with a negative DMCO test, 110 were examined and nine individuals were classified as 'false negatives' according to diagnoses. Depending on reference the specificity was 97–99% and sensitivity was 14–69%. Conclusion: Screening with DMCO demonstrated high specificity, whereas sensitivity was unsatisfactory. Future studies with enough power to estimate the true sensitivity is needed.
关键词： Humphrey Field Analyzer,glaucoma,screening test,Damato Multifixation Campimetry Online,specificity,opticians/optometrists
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON) - Lima, Peru (2018.11.20-2018.11.22)] 2018 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON) - A Visible Fluorescence Method Induced by UV Radiation for Detection of Infestation in Canary Beans
摘要： The proposed study aims to present an algorithm for the detection of infestation of canary beans of the species "Phaseolus Vulgaris" by generating a visible fluorescence under UV radiation, which allows the bean to be distinguished as healthy or infested. Currently, since many of the symptoms of infestation cannot be detected by the human eye, the beans sample analysis is highly subjective. The proposed method uses images of the beans taken under UV radiation within a hermetic enclosure. Then the image is acquired and an image segmentation algorithm is executed in order to identify the beans. Each bean is labeled so that the infestation can be detected by an algorithm based on histogram analysis. For the validation of the proposed method, several samples were evaluated and the results were compared with those obtained by two experts through an exhaustive visual analysis. The results were expressed through specificity and sensitivity, obtaining 99.78% for specificity and 90.70% for sensitivity.
关键词： canary bean,UV radiation,image processing,infestation,visible fluorescence,specificity,sensitivity,detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
摘要： Profound transcriptional heterogeneity in anatomically adjacent single cells suggests that robust tissue functionality may be achieved by cellular phenotype diversity. Single-cell experiments investigating the network dynamics of biological systems demonstrate cellular and tissue responses to various conditions at biologically meaningful resolution. Herein, we explain our methods for gathering single cells from anatomically specific locations and accurately measuring a subset of their gene expression profiles. We combine laser capture microdissection (LCM) with microfluidic reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR). We also use this microfluidic RT-qPCR platform to measure the microbial abundance of gut contents.
关键词： single cell gene expression,amygdala,gut microbiome,anatomic specificity,glia,laser capture microdissection,opioid dependence,Genetics,microfluidic qPCR
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Rome, Italy (2019.6.17-2019.6.20)] 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Investigation of 100 GHz Output Power Performance in Uni-travelling Carrier Photodetector under Zero-bias Condition
摘要： This study is concerned with a design of membership functions of fuzzy sets. The membership functions are formed in such a way that they are experimentally justifiable and exhibit a sound semantics. These two requirements are articulated through the principle of justifiable granularity. The parametric version of the principle is discussed in detail. We show linkages with type-2 fuzzy sets, which are constructed on a basis of type-1 fuzzy sets. Several experimental studies are reported, which illustrate a behavior of the introduced method.
关键词： type-2 fuzzy set,interval-valued fuzzy set,principle of justifiable granularity,membership function determination,Coverage of data,specificity
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Comparison of Penile Cuff Test and Conventional Urodynamic Study Prior to Photoselective Vaporization of Prostate for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Using a 120 W GreenLight High Performance System Laser
摘要： Background: We compared the utility of the penile cuff test (PCT) and the conventional urodynamic study (UDS) for the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing scheduled photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: Fifty-nine patients with voiding lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) underwent a simultaneous PCT and conventional UDS before PVP. The modified International Continence Society (ICS) nomogram was used to confirm bladder outlet obstruction after measuring maximum urinary flow rate and highest pressure at flow interruption. The PCT and UDS results, in terms of modified ICS nomogram predictions, were compared. Their sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: Thirty-six patients were diagnosed as obstructed and 23 as non-obstructed/equivocal using the modified ICS nomogram during the PCT. All 36 of the first group were confirmed as obstructed by UDS. Of the 23 diagnosed as non-obstructed/equivocal by the PCT, 14 were confirmed to be non-obstructed by UDS, with nine diagnosed as obstructed. The PCT showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100%. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 60.9%, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, despite our small number of patients, the PCT’s high sensitivity and specificity suggest that it may provide diagnostic information about bladder outlet obstruction before PVP for patients with voiding LUTS. Evidently, the PCT has the potential to be used for some patients as a screening alternative to invasive UDS.
关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia,urodynamics,sensitivity,specificity
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Interpretive Performance and Inter-Observer Agreement on Digital Mammography Test Sets
摘要： Objective: To evaluate the interpretive performance and inter-observer agreement on digital mammographs among radiologists and to investigate whether radiologist characteristics affect performance and agreement. Materials and Methods: The test sets consisted of full-field digital mammograms and contained 12 cancer cases among 1000 total cases. Twelve radiologists independently interpreted all mammograms. Performance indicators included the recall rate, cancer detection rate (CDR), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Inter-radiologist agreement was measured. The reporting radiologist characteristics included number of years of experience interpreting mammography, fellowship training in breast imaging, and annual volume of mammography interpretation. Results: The mean and range of interpretive performance were as follows: recall rate, 7.5% (3.3–10.2%); CDR, 10.6 (8.0–12.0 per 1000 examinations); PPV, 15.9% (8.8–33.3%); sensitivity, 88.2% (66.7–100%); specificity, 93.5% (90.6–97.8%); FPR, 6.5% (2.2–9.4%); and AUC, 0.93 (0.82–0.99). Radiologists who annually interpreted more than 3000 screening mammograms tended to exhibit higher CDRs and sensitivities than those who interpreted fewer than 3000 mammograms (p = 0.064). The inter-radiologist agreement showed a percent agreement of 77.2–88.8% and a kappa value of 0.27–0.34. Radiologist characteristics did not affect agreement. Conclusion: The interpretative performance of the radiologists fulfilled the mammography screening goal of the American College of Radiology, although there was inter-observer variability. Radiologists who interpreted more than 3000 screening mammograms annually tended to perform better than radiologists who did not.
关键词： Screening,Sensitivity and specificity,Observer variation,Radiologists,Medical audit
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Machine learning algorithms enhance the specificity of cancer biomarker detection using SERS-based immunoassays in microfluidic chips
摘要： Specificity is a challenge in liquid biopsy and early diagnosis of various diseases. There are only a few biomarkers that have been approved for use in cancer diagnostics; however, these biomarkers suffer from a lack of high specificity. Moreover, determining the exact type of disorder for patients with positive liquid biopsy tests is difficult, especially when the aberrant expression of one single biomarker can be found in various other disorders. In this study, a SERS-based protein biomarker detection platform in a microfluidic chip and two machine learning algorithms (K-nearest neighbor and classification tree) are used to improve the reproducibility and specificity of the SERS-based liquid biopsy assay. Applying machine learning algorithms to the analysis of the expression level data of 5 protein biomarkers (CA19-9, HE4, MUC4, MMP7, and mesothelin) in pancreatic cancer patients, ovarian cancer patients, pancreatitis patients, and healthy individuals improves the chance of recognition for one specific disorder among the aforementioned diseases with overlapping protein biomarker changes. Our results demonstrate a convenient but highly specific approach for cancer diagnostics using serum samples.
关键词： cancer biomarkers,SERS,specificity,machine learning,microfluidic
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Probing Specificity of Protein–Protein Interactions with Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures
摘要： Protein?protein interactions (PPIs) play a pivotal role in many biological processes. Discriminating functionally important well-defined protein?protein complexes formed by specific interactions from random aggregates produced by nonspecific interactions is therefore a critical capability. While there are many techniques which enable rapid screening of binding affinities in PPIs, there is no generic spectroscopic phenomenon which provides rapid characterization of the structure of protein?protein complexes. In this study we show that chiral plasmonic fields probe the structural order and hence the level of PPI specificity in a model antibody?antigen system. Using surface-immobilized Fab′ fragments of polyclonal rabbit IgG antibodies with high specificity for bovine serum albumin (BSA), we show that chiral plasmonic fields can discriminate between a structurally anisotropic ensemble of BSA-Fab′ complexes and random ovalbumin (OVA)-Fab′ aggregates, demonstrating their potential as the basis of a useful proteomic technology for the initial rapid high-throughput screening of PPIs.
关键词： specificity,Protein?protein interactions,structural order,chiral plasmonic nanostructures,high-throughput screening
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus Subtyping Module for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Detection Based on Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
摘要： A recent developed S. aureus subtyping module for rapidly differentiate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) had been introduced into China. The principle of this method was to identify the methicillin resistance through detection of a specific phenol soluble modulin-mec peak (PSM-mec) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A total of 347 non-duplicated S. aureus strains were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine during January 2014 to February 2019. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the automated subtyping module in identifying MRSA were evaluated. The specificity and PPV of this method were both 100% and the sensitivity was 60.2%. PSM-bearing MRSA were reported with different prevalence from different parts of world, our sample collection has the highest percentage so far. The repeatability showed that 1.7% (6/347) and 18.4% (64/347) were reported differently in the intra- and inter- batch analysis, respectively, which demonstrated that the threshold of this method could be further optimized to increase the sensitivity of MRSA detection. Overall, Bruker? MALDI Biotyper can detect S. aureus isolates with a quite high specificity and expedite the identification of MRSA isolates without using extra reagent, labor or time. The reduced turnaround time of MRSA identification is essential for appropriate therapeutic management and timely intervention for infection control.
关键词： MRSA,MALDI-TOF MS,resistant,specificity,sensitivity
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04