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Multi-stimuli Responsive Supramolecular Gels Based on a D-π-A Structural Cyanostilbene Derivative with Aggregation Induced Emission Properties
摘要： Developing multi-stimuli responsive fluorescent gel materials in a single system remains challenging. Gelator molecules with classical fluorophores suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, limiting their applications further. Herein, a novel V-shaped cyanostilbene-based molecule (BAPBIA) with aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics and great gelation ability was synthesized and was found to exhibit multi-stimuli responsive behaviors. Reversible gel-sol phase transitions together with emission quenching are realized in response to external stimuli including heating, light and fluoride ion. Especially, the introduction of dimethylaniline group (donor) and cyano group (acceptor) generates a D-π-A structure, further leading to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect, which enlarges the emission contrast with the variations of the distribution of charge. Thus, upon trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) triggered protonation of dimethylaniline group, not only gel-sol transition but also emission color switching (yellow-to-blue) is achieved due to the loss of the ICT effect. This work paves an easy way to construct fully reversible multi-stimuli responsive fluorescence modulation smart materials.
关键词： supramolecular gels,aggregation induced emission,multi-stimuli responsive,fluorescence switching,cyanostilbene derivative
更新于2025-11-14 15:14:40
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Simple Synthesis of Elastomeric Photomechanical Switches That Self-Heal
摘要： This article introduces a simple two-stage method to synthesize and program a photomechanical elastomer (PME) for light-driven artificial muscle-like actuations in soft robotics. First, photochromic azobenzene molecules are covalently attached to a polyurethane backbone via a two-part step-growth polymerization. Next, mechanical alignment is applied to induce anisotropic deformations in the PME-actuating films. Cross-linked through dynamic hydrogen bonds, the PMEs also possess autonomic self-healing properties without external energy input. This self-healing allows for a single alignment step of the PME film and subsequent “cut and paste” assembly for multi-axis actuation of a self-folded soft-robotic gripper from a single degree of freedom optical input.
关键词： stimuli-responsive,self-healing elastomers,soft robotics,photomechanical effects,actuators
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Water-Stable Metal–Organic Frameworks with Selective Sensing on Fe <sup>3+</sup> and Nitroaromatic Explosives, and Stimuli-Responsive Luminescence on Lanthanide Encapsulation
摘要： Three water-stable luminescent MOFs [Zn4(bptc)2(NMP)3(DMF)(H2O)2]n (1-a), [Cd4(bptc)2(NMP)3(DMF)2(H2O)1]n (1-b), and {[Zn2(bptc)(DMA)(H2O)2]·(DMA)2·H2O}n (2), possessing similar chemical components (M2:L1:Sol3) and topology structures, were synthesized by solvents control. Their excellent sensing on iron(III) cation and nitroaromatic explosives (NACs) with great selectivity, sensitivity and a high Ksv (4.54 × 10^4 for 1-b on PNP) were observed by quenching effects. Furthermore, Zn-MOFs exhibit interesting stimuli-responsive luminescence enhancement after the encapsulation of a series of IIIB cations stimulated different luminescent emitting and intensity enhancement through host–guest processes of the pores in MOFs, especially for two distinct responses of Zn-MOF on a Tb3+ cation.
关键词： stimuli-responsive,nitroaromatic explosives,luminescent,water-stable,lanthanide encapsulation,iron(III),metal-organic frameworks,sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Multi-stimuli responsive novel polyimide smart materials bearing triarylamine and naphthalimide groups
摘要： Multiple stimuli-responsive smart polymers have received increasingly attention in recent years. In this work, a series of novel polyimides (PIs) bearing triarylamine and naphthalimide perssad were devised and prepared. These novel polyimides are able to respond to four different stimuli (light, pH, explosives and voltage) and perform four functions (light detectors, electrochromism, fluorescence detectors and memory devices). Furthermore, the smart materials are suitable for complicated environment. This work will open a new route for the development of novel smart materials with multi-functional and multiple stimuli-responsive properties.
关键词： Polyimides,Triarylamine,Smart materials,Naphthalimide,Multi-stimuli responsive
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Biodegradable Micelles for NIR/GSH-Triggered Chemophototherapy of Cancer
摘要： The chemotherapy of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (SDDSs) is a promising method to enhance cancer treatment effects. However, the low efficiency of chemotherapy drugs and poor degradation partly limit the application of SDDSs. Herein, we report doxorubicin (DOX)-loading mixed micelles for biotin-targeting drug delivery and enhanced photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). Glutathione (GSH)-responsive mixed micelles were prepared by a dialysis method, proportionally mixing polycaprolactone-disulfide bond-biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (PCL-SS-BPLP) and biotin-polyethylene glycol-cypate (biotin-PEG-cypate). Chemically linking cypate into the mixed micelles greatly improved cypate solubility and PTT/PDT effect. The micelles also exhibited good monodispersity and stability in cell medium (~119.7 nm), low critical micelles concentration, good biodegradation, and photodecomposition. The high concentration of GSH in cancer cells and near-infrared light (NIR)-mediated cypate decomposition were able to achieve DOX centralized release. Meanwhile, the DOX-based chemotherapy combined with cypate-based NIR-triggered hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species could synergistically induce HepG2 cell death and apoptosis. The in vivo experiments confirmed that the micelles generated hyperthermia and achieved a desirable therapeutic effect. Therefore, the designed biodegradable micelles are promising safe nanovehicles for antitumor drug delivery and chemo/PTT/PDT combination therapy.
关键词： photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,biodegradable,stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems,cypate
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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High-Throughput Combinatorial Synthesis of Stimuli-Responsive Materials
摘要： Stimuli-responsive materials find wide applications in different biological and medical settings. Traditionally, stimuli-responsive materials are synthesized and evaluated individually one-by-one. The drawback of this approach is the scarceness of possible combinations that can be practically tested for the purpose of saving time, consumables, and manpower. High-throughput methods are therefore important to accelerate the discovery of stimuli-responsive materials and to screen for biological interactions of interest in parallel. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the successful employment of combinatorial high-throughput synthesis and screening of stimuli-responsive materials. In particular, these include thermoresponsive and hydroresponsive materials. Advantages of a combinatorial approach as well as of utilizing high-throughput methodologies in the development of stimuli-responsive materials are reviewed. Possible evolution trends of stimuli-responsive materials, advanced by high-throughput methodologies, are discussed.
关键词： combinatorial libraries,material microarrays,smart materials,stimuli-responsive,high-throughput synthesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Controlling the shape of 3D microstructures by temperature and light
摘要： Stimuli-responsive microstructures are critical to create adaptable systems in soft robotics and biosciences. For such applications, the materials must be compatible with aqueous environments and enable the manufacturing of three-dimensional structures. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) is a well-established polymer, exhibiting a substantial response to changes in temperature close to its lower critical solution temperature. To create complex actuation patterns, materials that react differently with respect to a stimulus are required. Here, we introduce functional three-dimensional hetero-microstructures based on pNIPAM. By variation of the local exposure dose in three-dimensional laser lithography, we demonstrate that the material parameters can be altered on demand in a single resist formulation. We explore this concept for sophisticated three-dimensional architectures with large-amplitude and complex responses. The experimental results are consistent with numerical calculations, able to predict the actuation response. Furthermore, a spatially controlled response is achieved by inducing a local temperature increase by two-photon absorption of focused light.
关键词： light-induced actuation,pNIPAM,temperature response,stimuli-responsive materials,gray-tone lithography,hetero-microstructures,laser lithography,3D microstructures
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Photoresponsive Polyolefins
摘要： Nature is unmatched in its esthetics and precisely controlled complexity of biochemical structures of life and the way they function. Nature’s sophisticated functional hierarchical structures are mostly made from biopolymers like polypeptides and polysaccharides, which, over time, have evolved to respond to various adverse external stimuli at levels ranging from molecular to macroscopic. The responses include change of color, shape, porosity, and stiffness. The most commonly used synthetic commodity polymers are polyolefins. But, just as most known synthetic polymers, functional properties of polyolefins are static. The challenge is to develop a commercially viable stimuli‐responsive polymer material, based on commodity polymers such as polyolefins. If we can make it respond to external stimuli, like light, such photoresponsive materials will have a wide range of applications in optical storage, sensors, actuators, artificial muscle, and soft‐robotics, etc. This chapter will discuss briefly the photoresponsive polymeric systems in general and the need for photoresponsive commodity polymers, followed by recent developments of photoresponsive polyolefins with suitable examples. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions of advancing the same are also discussed.
关键词： Photoresponsive,Actuators,Soft-robotics,Polyolefins,Commodity polymers,Stimuli-responsive,Light-responsive
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers
摘要： According to the definition by Meijer and coworkers in their seminal review [1], supramolecular polymers are polymeric assemblies of small molecular units that are brought together through reversible and directional noncovalent interactions, leading to polymeric properties in solution and bulk states [1–5]. Owing to the reversible nature of their main‐chain formation, supramolecular polymers have attracted considerable attention as highly stimuli‐responsive polymeric materials compared to conventional polymer counterparts. Needless to say, supramolecular polymers have high responsiveness in terms of “degree of polymerization” to temperature change mainly due to entropic reasons, and to solvent media mainly due to enthalpic reasons. Such high responsiveness to external environment has enabled not only the exploration of temperature‐ and solvent‐dependent supramolecular polymer systems, but also the analyses of the supramolecular polymerization process regulated by these parameters [6]. From a technical viewpoint, furthermore, supramolecular polymers have another advantage over conventional polymers, i.e. quite ambient polymerization conditions without using any chemical reagents. This allows more flexible monomer design and enables introduction of a wide variety of functional molecules into supramolecular monomers.
关键词： stimuli-responsive,photoresponsive,supramolecular polymers,polymerization,noncovalent interactions
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescent Copper Nanoclusters in Alginate and Their Sensing Ability for Glucose
摘要： Visually observable pH-responsive luminescent materials are developed through integrating the properties of aggregation-induced emission enhancement of Cu nanocluster (NCs) and the Ca2+ triggered gelatin of alginate. Sodium alginate, CaCO3 nanoparticles and Cu NCs are dispersed in aqueous solution, which is in a transparent fluid state, showing a weak photoluminescence (PL). The introduced H+ can react with the CaCO3 nanoparticles to produce free Ca2+, which can cross-link the alginate chains into gel networks. Meanwhile, a dramatically increase on the PL intensity of Cu NCs and a blue shift on the PL peak appeared, assigned to the Ca2+ induced enhancement and gelatin induced enhancement, respectively. Their potential application as a sensor for glucose is also demonstrated based on the principle that glucose oxidase can recognize glucose and produce H+, which further triggers the above mentioned two-stage enhancement. A linear relationship between the PL intensity and concentration of glucose in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 mM is obtained, with a limit of detection calculated as 3.2×10-5 M.
关键词： alginate,stimuli‐responsive materials,aggregation-induced emission,photoluminescence,metal nanoclusters,glucose
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36