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Single-Molecule Imaging of mRNA Localization and Regulation during the Integrated Stress Response
摘要： Biological phase transitions form membrane-less organelles that generate distinct cellular environments. How molecules are partitioned between these compartments and the surrounding cellular space and the functional consequence of this localization is not well understood. Here, we report the localization of mRNA to stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) and its effect on translation and degradation during the integrated stress response. Using single mRNA imaging in living human cells, we find that the interactions of mRNAs with SGs and PBs have different dynamics, very few mRNAs directly move between SGs and PBs, and that specific RNA-binding proteins can anchor mRNAs within these compartments. During recovery from stress, we show that mRNAs that were within SGs and PBs are translated and degraded at similar rates as their cytosolic counterparts. Our work provides a framework for using single-molecule measurements to directly investigate the molecular mechanisms of phase-separated compartments within their cellular environment.
关键词： P-bodies,integrated stress response,degradation,stress granules,LARP1,mRNA localization,single-molecule imaging,translation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Modeling and optimization for laser cladding via multi-objective quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm
摘要： The process parameters of laser cladding have significant effects on the quality of the laser clad coating. Generally, optimizing one property usual lead to deterioration in some other performances. In this study, the influence of key parameters to preparing the CoCr1.5FeNiNb0.5 coating, namely laser beam power, scanning speed and defocus, on the dilution and residual stress were systematically researched. The polynomial model for the parameters on dilution and residual stress was designed by response surface methodology and the effect of each parameter on the responses was investigated. Then the quadratic models were used as the constraint functions and multi-objective quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization was applied to find the minimum dilution and residual stress. At last, the optimal process parameters were predicted by this algorithm and the high entropy alloy coating was manufactured. The CoCr1.5FeNiNb0.5 HEA coating consisted of FCC and Laves phase.
关键词： Dilution,Residual stress,Response surface methodology,Laser cladding,Multi-objective
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The Role of Endogenous Neuroprotective Mechanisms in the Prevention of Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration
摘要： Retinal neurons are not able to undergo spontaneous regeneration in response to damage. A variety of stressors, i.e., UV radiation, high temperature, ischemia, allergens, and others, induce reactive oxygen species production, resulting in consecutive alteration of stress-response gene expression and finally can lead to cell apoptosis. Neurons have developed their own endogenous cellular protective systems. Some of them are preventing cell death and others are allowing functional recovery after injury. The high efficiency of these mechanisms is crucial for cell survival. In this review we focus on the contribution of the most recently studied endogenous neuroprotective factors involved in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, among which, neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways, processes regulating the redox status, and different pathways regulating cell death are the most important. Additionally, we summarize currently ongoing clinical trials for therapies for RGC degeneration and optic neuropathies, including glaucoma. Knowledge of the endogenous cellular protective mechanisms may help in the development of effective therapies and potential novel therapeutic targets in order to achieve progress in the treatment of retinal and optic nerve diseases.
关键词： endogenous neuroprotection,optic neuropathy,retinal ganglion cells,cell survival,stress-response
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Response of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to UV radiations by alteration of polyamines associated with thylakoid membrane proteins
摘要： The responses of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exposed to UVA, UVB and UVC for at least 3 h were investigated with the emphasis on the changes of polyamines (PAs) levels in whole cells, thylakoid membrane fraction, and thylakoid membrane-associated proteins fraction. All UV radiations caused a slight decrease on cell growth but a drastic reduction of photosynthetic efficiency of Synechocystis cells. UV radiations, especially UVB and UVC, severely decreased the levels of PAs associated with thylakoid membrane proteins. The decreased PAs levels as affected by UV radiation correlated well with the decrease of photosynthetic efficiency, suggesting the role of PAs for the maintenance of photosynthetic activity of Synechocystis. PAs, especially spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put), were found abundantly in the thylakoid membrane fraction, and these PAs were associated mainly with the PSI trimer complex. Importantly, the exposure of Synechocystis cells to all UV radiations for 3 h resulted in the increase of Spd associated with the PSII monomer and dimer complex, suggesting its protective role against UV radiations despite the overall decrease of PAs.
关键词： Polyamine association,Thylakoid membrane protein complexes,Stress response,UV radiations,Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14