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Learning depth super-resolution by using multi-scale convolutional neural network
摘要： Imaging techniques are the most rapidly growing area of computer vision, and the resolution has reached a new level. Super-resolution is a technique that enhances the resolution of images from the low-resolution input and help to accurately analyze and derive the data. Recently convolutional neural network are becoming mainstream in computer vision. Most existing CNN models based super-resolution either directly reconstruct the low-resolution input and then improve the resolution at the last layer, or another way is, to firstly enlarge the low-resolution input to high resolution (HR), then reconstruct the HR to obtain the desired output. These models encounter some major flows; large computational resources and losing information. In this paper, we adopt gradual process for training the CNN, to propose an efficient super-resolution model. The gradual strategy helps network to progressively magnify and reconstruct the LR image in each step, and thereby possibly avoid of losing information (second problem). In addition, we optimize the number of layers, add the residual network and skip connection to the proposed network to ease the difficulty of training (first problem). The proposed model not only achieves a compatible performance with the existing prominent methods but also, efficiently reduce the computational expenses.
关键词： skip connections,deep network,image processing,Super-resolution
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Shining New Light on the Structural Determinants of Cardiac Couplon Function: Insights From Ten Years of Nanoscale Microscopy
摘要： Remodelling of the membranes and protein clustering patterns during the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies has renewed the interest in spatial visualisation of these structures in cardiomyocytes. Coincidental emergence of single molecule (super-resolution) imaging and tomographic electron microscopy tools in the last decade have led to a number of new observations on the structural features of the couplons, the primary sites of excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. In particular, super-resolution and tomographic electron micrographs have revised and refined the classical views of the nanoscale geometries of couplons, t-tubules and the organisation of the principal calcium handling proteins in both healthy and failing hearts. These methods have also allowed the visualisation of some features which were too small to be detected with conventional microscopy tools. With new analytical capabilities such as single-protein mapping, in situ protein quantification, correlative and live cell imaging we are now observing an unprecedented interest in adapting these research tools across the cardiac biophysical research discipline. In this article, we review the depth of the new insights that have been enabled by these tools toward understanding the structure and function of the cardiac couplon. We outline the major challenges that remain in these experiments and emerging avenues of research which will be enabled by these technologies.
关键词： couplons,localization microscopy,super-resolution,ryanodine receptors,cardiac muscle
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Synthesis of Ultrathin Few-Layer 2D Nanoplates of Halide Perovskite Cs <sub/>3</sub> Bi <sub/>2</sub> I <sub/>9</sub> and Single-Nanoplate Super-Resolved Fluorescence Microscopy
摘要： The discovery of new two-dimensional (2D) perovskite halides has created sensation recently because of their structural diversity and intriguing optical properties. The toxicity of Pb-based perovskite halides led to the development of Pb-free halides. Herein, we have demonstrated a one-pot solution-based synthesis of 2D ultrathin (～1.78 nm) few-layer (2?4 layers) nanoplates (300?600 nm lateral dimension), nanosheets (0.6?1.5 μm), and nanocrystals of layered Cs3Bi2I9 by varying the reaction temperature from 110 to 180 °C. We have established a mechanistic pathway for the variation of morphology of Cs3Bi2I9 with temperature in the presence of organic capping ligands. Further, we have synthesized the bulk powder of Cs3Bi2I9 by mechanochemical synthesis and liquid-assisted grinding and crystalline ingot by vacuum-sealed tube melting. 2D nanoplates and bulk Cs3Bi2I9 demonstrate optical absorption edge along with excitonic transition. Photoluminescence properties of individual nanoplates were studied by super-resolution ?uorescence imaging, which indicated the blinking behavior down to the level of an individual Cs3Bi2I9 nanoplate along with its emission at the far-red region and high photostability.
关键词： ultrathin nanoplates,super-resolution ?uorescence imaging,two-dimensional (2D) perovskite halides,Pb-free halides,Cs3Bi2I9
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Self-healing dyes for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
摘要： In recent years, optical microscopy techniques have emerged that allow optical imaging at unprecedented resolution beyond the diffraction limit. These techniques exploit photostabilizing buffers to enable photoswitching and/or the enhancement of fluorophore brightness and stability. A major drawback with the use of photostabilizing buffers, however, is that they cannot be used in live cell imaging. In this paper, we tested the performance of self-healing organic fluorophores, which undergo intramolecular photostabilization, in super-resolution microscopy examining both targeted (stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy) and stochastic readout (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM)). The overall goal of the study was to identify dyes and conditions that lead to improved spatial and temporal resolution of both techniques without the need for mixtures of photostabilizing agents in the imaging buffer. As a result of previously shown superior performance, we identified an ATTO647N-photostabilizer conjugate as a potential candidate for STED microscopy. We have here characterized the photostability and resulting performance of this nitrophenylalanine (NPA) conjugate of ATTO647N on oligonucleotides in STED microscopy. We found that the superior photophysical performance resulted in optimal STED imaging and demonstrated that single-molecule fluorescent transients of individual fluorophores can be obtained with both the excitation- and STED-laser. In similar experiments, we also tested a nitrophenylacetic acid conjugate of STAR635P, another frequently used dye in STED microscopy, and present a characterization of its photophysical properties. Finally, we performed an analysis of the photoswitching kinetics of self-healing Cy5 dyes (containing trolox, cyclooctatetraene and NPA-based stabilizers) in the presence of Tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine and cysteamine, which are typically used in STORM microscopy. In line with previous work, we found that intramolecular photostabilization strongly influences photoswitching kinetics and requires careful attention when designing STORM-experiments. In summary, this contribution explores the possibilities and limitations of self-healing dyes in super-resolution microscopy of differing modalities.
关键词： STORM,super-resolution microscopy,fluorescent dyes,STED,fluorescence microscopy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Characterization of functionalized glass and indium tin oxide surfaces as substrates for super-resolution microscopy
摘要： Modern high-throughput biosensors with sensitivity down to a single analyte molecule may be possible with single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Functionalized surfaces can be fabricated with self-assembly monolayer chemistry on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates but not glass. However, characterizations of SMLM-compatible fluorophores are primarily performed on glass substrates. Here we collect single-molecule kinetics data of isolated Alexa Fluor 647 molecules on bare and functionalized glass and ITO surfaces. Extracting the photophysical dynamics of the fluorophores allows direct comparison of behavior of this dye on these substrates and fitting data to a model that accounts for multiple reversible dark states. All surfaces had sensitivity sufficient to image single fluorophore molecules. Photophysical kinetics observed are similar between the two substrates. The photon yield from individual fluorophores was greatest on bare glass, but functionalized ITO surfaces showed superior yield to functionalized glass surfaces and nearly matched the yield of bare glass. Together these results indicate functionalized ITO as a promising substrate for modern single-molecule biosensors.
关键词： indium tin oxide,super-resolution microscopy,biosensor,single-molecule imaging
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Image super-resolution via self-similarity learning and conformal sparse representation
摘要： It is well known that the super-resolution reconstruction method based on sparse representation has a superior research value. However, the sparse coefficients of low-resolution (LR) patches by a classic method are not loyal to high-resolution (HR) patches due to the lack of image structure information. Therefore, based on the sparse representation, a self-similarity learning method is proposed to solve the sparse coefficients so that they are more loyal to HR patches. First, the Gaussian mixture model is used to guide the grouping of internal structure similar patches. The neighbor patches of each group and their corresponding sparse coefficients maintain the local geometric angle unchanged in the embedded spaces. Furthermore, the sparse matrix corresponding to similar patches has the property of low rank to capture the global structure of the data. The coefficients obtained by this method are more satisfied with the reconstruction of HR patches. Therefore, our proposed method obtains more accurate sparse coefficients, improving visual performance and algorithm stability.
关键词： self-similarity learning,low-rank sparse,Conformal,super-resolution
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A 128-Pixel System-on-a-Chip for Real-Time Super-Resolution Terahertz Near-Field Imaging
摘要： This paper presents a fully integrated system-on-a-chip for real-time terahertz super-resolution near-field imaging. The chip consists of 128 sensing pixels with individual cross-bridged double 3-D split-ring resonators arranged in a 3.2 mm long 2 × 64 1-D array. It is implemented in 0.13-μm SiGe bipolar complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology and operated at around 550 GHz. All the functions, including sensor illumination, near-field sensing, and detection, are co-integrated with a readout integrated circuit for real-time image acquisition. The pixels exhibit a permittivity-based imaging contrast with a worst case estimated relative permittivity uncertainty of 0.33 and 10–12-μm spatial resolution. The sensor illumination is provided with on-chip oscillators feeding four-way equal power divider networks to enable an effective pixel pitch of 25 μm and a dense fill factor of 48% for the 1-D sensing area. The oscillators are equipped with electronic chopping to avoid 1/f-noise-related desensitization for the SiGe-heterojunction bipolar transistor power detectors integrated at each pixel. The chip features both an analog readout mode and a lock-in-amplifier-based digital readout mode. In the analog readout mode, the measured dynamic range (DR) is 63.8 dB for a 1-ms integration time at an external lock-in amplifier. The digital readout mode achieves a DR of 38.5 dB at 28 f/s. The chip consumes 37–104 mW of power and is packaged into a compact imaging module. This paper further demonstrates real-time acquisition of 2-D terahertz super-resolution images of a nickel mesh with 50-μm feature size, as well as a biometric human fingerprint.
关键词： terahertz,system-on-a-chip (SoC),SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT),split-ring resonator (SRR),near-field array,3-push Colpitts oscillator,super-resolution imaging,near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM),power detector
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Fast SL0 algorithm for 3D imaging using bistatic MIMO radar
摘要： Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar is attractive in moving targets imaging, which is able to solve the difficulty of complex motion compensation. In this article, a three-dimensional imaging method using bistatic MIMO radar is proposed. Compared with monostatic MIMO radar, the bistatic system can provide the complementary information, and the imaging process is not the same as the monostatic case. Furthermore, considering the image sparsity and the spatial limitation of radar targets, a fast smoothed L0 norm algorithm is proposed to achieve the high resolution in cross-range directions with limited antennas. The experimental results demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
关键词： MIMO radar,3D imaging,cross-range super-resolution,bistatic radar,fast SL0 algorithm
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - High Quality Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution Using Deep Memory Connected Network
摘要： Single image super-resolution is an effective way to enhance the spatial resolution of remote sensing image, which is crucial for many applications such as target detection and image classification. However, existing methods based on the neural network usually have small receptive fields and ignore the image detail. We propose a novel method named deep memory connected network (DMCN) based on a convolutional neural network to reconstruct high-quality super-resolution images. We build local and global memory connections to combine image detail with environmental information. To further reduce parameters and ease time-consuming, we propose down-sampling units, shrinking the spatial size of feature maps. We test DMCN on three remote sensing datasets with different spatial resolution. Experimental results indicate that our method yields promising improvements in both accuracy and visual performance over the current state-of-the-art.
关键词： convolutional neural network,image fusion,super-resolution,remote sensing image
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Photo-Induced Depletion of Binding Sites in DNA-PAINT Microscopy
摘要： The limited photon budget of fluorescent dyes is the main limitation for localization precision in localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT)-based techniques use the reversible binding of fluorophores and can sample a single binding site multiple times, thus elegantly circumventing the photon budget limitation. With DNA-based PAINT (DNA-PAINT), resolutions down to a few nanometers have been reached on DNA-origami nanostructures. However, for long acquisition times, we find a photo-induced depletion of binding sites in DNA-PAINT microscopy that ultimately limits the quality of the rendered images. Here we systematically investigate the loss of binding sites in DNA-PAINT imaging and support the observations with measurements of DNA hybridization kinetics via surface-integrated fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (SI-FCS). We do not only show that the depletion of binding sites is clearly photo-induced, but also provide evidence that it is mainly caused by dye-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We evaluate two possible strategies to reduce the depletion of binding sites: By addition of oxygen scavenging reagents, and by the positioning of the fluorescent dye at a larger distance from the binding site.
关键词： photo-induced DNA damage,surface-integrated fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (SI-FCS),reactive oxygen species,super-resolution microscopy,DNA-PAINT
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46