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A Low-Power, Inductorless Wideband Cryogenic Amplifier For Supercondcting Nanowire Single Photon Detector
摘要： This paper presents a low-power, inductorless wideband cryogenic amplifier for superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD). To achieve wide bandwidth, low power consumption and small chip area, a modified Cherry-Hooper amplifier topology is used. With good input and output match, at 4.2 K temperature the measurement results show that the amplifier achieves 23-dB gain with a flat gain response, a 3-dB bandwidth (BW) of over 3.4 GHz, which covers frequencies as low as 130 kHz. Fabricated in a 0.13-μm silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology, the amplifier core occupies a silicon area of only 0.075 mm2 and consumes a power of only 4 mW.
关键词： low power,Cryogenic amplifier,wideband,Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors,SNSPD
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Minimal Timing Jitter in Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Petectors
摘要： Using a two-temperature model coupled with the modified time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, we calculate the delay time τd in the appearance of a growing normal domain in the current-biased superconducting strip after absorption of the single photon. We demonstrate that τd depends on the place in the strip where the photon is absorbed and monotonically decreases with an increasing current. We argue that the variation of τd (timing jitter), connected either with position-dependent response or Fano fluctuations, could be as small as the lowest relaxation time of the superconducting order parameter, approximately ?/kBTc (Tc is the critical temperature of the superconductor), when the current approaches the depairing current.
关键词： position-dependent response,timing jitter,superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors,delay time,Fano fluctuations
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A stochastic SPICE model for superconducting nanowire single photon detectors and other nanowire devices
摘要： Superconducting nanowire devices such as the superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) or nanocryotron (nTron) have a time-dependent stochasticity that depends on the current flowing through them. When modeling complex circuits made of several such devices (for instance, an array of SNSPDs), the ability to include this randomness can be important for predicting unwanted effects and interactions within the circuit. We present a modification of the model described by Berggren et. al. that allows for the inclusion of this stochasticity into the nanowire device model. We then verify the model against experiment using a tungsten silicide SNSPD, and show that the modified model replicates the stochasticity of the physical device.
关键词： SNSPD,SPICE model,Monte Carlo analysis,superconducting nanowire,nTron,stochasticity
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS) - Portland, OR, USA (2019.10.14-2019.10.16)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS) - Real Time Photon-Counting Receiver for High Photon Efficiency Optical Communications
摘要： We present a scalable design for a photon-counting ground receiver based on superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) and field programmable gate array (FPGA) real-time processing for applications to space-to-ground photon starved links, such as the Orion EM-2 Optical Communication Demonstration (O2O) [1], and future deep space or low transmitter power missions. The receiver is designed to receive a serially concatenated pulse position modulation (SCPPM) waveform [2], which follows the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Optical Communications Coding and Synchronization Red Book standard [3]. The receiver design uses multiple individually fiber coupled, 80% detection efficiency commercial SNSPDs in parallel to scale to a required data rate, and is capable of achieving data rates up to 528 Mbps. For efficient fiber coupling from the telescope to the array of parallel detectors that can be scaled both to telescope aperture size and the number of detectors, we use either a single mode fiber (SMF) photonic lantern or a few-mode fiber (FMF) photonic lantern [4]. In this paper we give an overview of the receiver system design, the characteristics of the photonic lanterns, the performance of the SNSPDs, and system level tests. We show that 40 Mbps can be received using a single SNSPD, and discuss aspects for scaling to higher data rates.
关键词： few-mode fibers,superconducting nanowire,optical communications,single photon detectors
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Suppressing Dark Counts of Multimode-Fiber-Coupled Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector
摘要： Large active-area superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) coupled with multimode fibers (MMFs) can provide high light-gathering capacity, which is essential for free-space detection applications in photon-starved regimes. However, MMF-coupled SNSPDs often suffer from large system dark count rates (DCRsys) over kHz due to blackbody radiation of the MMF at room temperature. Such large DCRsys would significantly degrade signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the receiving system. This paper reports an MMF-coupled large-active-area SNSPD system with low DCRsys by using a homemade cryogenic MMF filter bench. The filter bench, which consists of lenses and optical filters, can provide a high transmittance of about 80% at the central wavelength of the passband (1550 ± 12.5 nm) and a wide blocking range from 500 nm to over 6000 nm at 40 K. With using the filter bench, the DCRsys of an MMF-coupled 9-pixel SNSPD array with an active area of 50 μm in diameter is greatly suppressed by 23 dB with 1 dB loss of system detection efficiency (SDE). The detector demonstrates an SDE of 51% at a DCRsys of 100 Hz for 1550 nm photons. Thus, SNR of the detector is enhanced by about 160 times and the noise equivalent power is improved to 3×10?19 W/Hz1/2.
关键词： cryogenic MMF filter bench,multimode fibers (MMFs),Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs),dark count rates (DCRsys),signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Superior properties in room-temperature colloidal-dot quantum emitters revealed by ultralow-dark-count detections of temporally-purified single photons
摘要： The realization of high-quality quantum emitters that can operate at room temperature is important for accelerating the application of quantum technologies, such as quantum communication, quantum information processing, and quantum metrology. In this work, we study the photon-antibunching properties on room-temperature emission from individual colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) using superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors and temporal filtering of the photoluminescence decay curve. We find that high single-photon purities and high photon-generation rates can be simultaneously achieved by removing the signals originating from the sequential two-photon emission of biexcitons created by multiple excitation pulses. We successfully demonstrate that the ultrahigh performance of the room-temperature single-photon sources showing g(2)(0) ? 10?2 can be confirmed by the ultralow-dark-count detection of the temporally purified single photons. These findings provide strong evidence for the attractiveness of CQDs as candidates for high-quality room-temperature quantum light sources.
关键词： single-photon sources,room-temperature,superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors,quantum emitters,colloidal quantum dots,temporal filtering
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A Silicon Shallow-Ridge Waveguide Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector Towards Quantum Photonic Circuits
摘要： A silicon shallow-ridge waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single photon detector is designed and fabricated. At the bias current of 11.6 ??A, 4% on-chip detection efficiency near 1550 nm wavelength is achieved with the dark count rate of 3 Hz and a timing jitter of 75 ps. This device shows the potential application in the integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with a complex quantum photonic circuit.
关键词： quantum photonic circuits,silicon shallow-ridge waveguide,superconducting nanowire single photon detector
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Terahertz Transition-Edge Sensor with Kinetic-Inductance Amplifier at 4.2 K
摘要： Different terrestrial terahertz applications would benefit from large-format arrays, operating in compact and inexpensive cryocoolers at liquid helium temperature with sensitivity, limited only by the 300-K background radiation. A voltage-biased Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) as a THz detector can have sufficient sensitivity and has a number of advantages important for real applications: linearity of response, high dynamic range and a simple calibration. However it requires a low-noise current readout. Usually, a current amplifier based on Superconducting Quantum-Interference Device (SQUID) is used for readout, but the scalability of this approach is limited due to complexity of the operation and fabrication. Recently, it has been shown that instead of SQUID it is possible to use a current sensor, which is based on the nonlinearity of the kinetic inductance of a current-carrying superconducting stripe. Embedding the stripe into a microwave high-Q superconducting resonator allows for reaching sufficient current sensitivity. More important, it is possible with the resonator approach to scale up to large arrays using Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) in GHz range. Here, we demonstrate the operation of a voltage-biased TES with a microwave kinetic-inductance current amplifier at 4.2 K. We measured the expected intrinsic Noise-Equivalent Power NEP ~ 5×10-14 W/Hz1/2 and confirmed that a sufficient sensitivity of the readout can be reached in conjunction with a real TES operation. The construction of an array with the improved sensitivity ~ 10-15 W/Hz1/2 at 4.2 K could be realized using a combination of the new current amplifier and already existing TES detectors with improved thermal isolation.
关键词： Transition-Edge Sensor,Superconducting nanowire,High-Q resonator,Nonlinear kinetic inductance,Terahertz arrays
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Improving detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detector using multilayer antireflection coating
摘要： Optical cavity with backside optical coupling is one of the prevalent optical structures for superconducting nanowire single photon detector. A single layer anti-re?ection coating (ARC) on the backside of the substrate is often adopted to enhance the transmittance to the substrate. We here apply a multilayer ARC to further increase the transmittance from 94.5% to 99.5%. An NbTiN SNSPD made on such a substrate with cavity structure presents a system detection ef?ciency of 90.1% at a dark count rate (DCR) of 100 Hz, which is the best value reported for backside optical coupled SNSPD at 1550 nm. It shows a timing jitter of ～40.7 ps and the recovery time constant of ～22.9 ns.
关键词： superconducting nanowire single-photon detector,multilayer antire?ection coating,detection efficiency
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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The Sommerfeld ground-wave limit for a molecule adsorbed at a surface
摘要： Using a mid-infrared emission spectrometer based on a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD), we observe the dynamics of vibrational energy pooling of CO adsorbed at the surface of a NaCl crystal. After exciting a majority of the CO molecules to their first vibrationally excited state (v = 1), we observe infrared emission from states up to v = 27. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations show that vibrational energy collects in a few CO molecules at the expense of those up to eight lattice sites away by selective excitation of NaCl’s transverse phonons. The vibrating CO molecules behave like classical oscillating dipoles, losing their energy to NaCl lattice-vibrations via the electromagnetic near-field. This is analogous to Sommerfeld’s description of the Earth’s influence on radio transmission by ground waves.
关键词： vibrational energy pooling,NaCl crystal,superconducting nanowire single-photon detector,electromagnetic near-field,Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations,Sommerfeld ground-wave limit,CO adsorbed
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14