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Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on two Non-fullerene Acceptors with Complimentary Absorption and Balanced Crystallinity
摘要： The ternary blend structure has been demonstrated as an effective approach to increase the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. An effective approach to enhance the power conversion efficiency of ternary solar cells is based on two non-fullerene acceptors with complimentary absorption range and balanced crystalinity. In this work, by introducing a high crystallinity small-molecule acceptor, named C8IDTT-4Cl with appropriate alkyl side chains into a low crystalline blend of conjugated polymer donor PBDT-TPD and fused-ring electron acceptor ITIC-4F. A ternary device based on the blend PBDT-TPD:ITIC-4F:C8IDTT-4Cl exhibits a best power conversion efficiency of 9.51% with a simultaneous improvement of the short-circuit current density to 18.76 mA cm-2 and the fill factor up to 67.53%. The absorption onset for C8IDTT-4Cl is located at 900 nm, so that the well complementary light absorption is beneficial to the photocurrent. In addition, the existence of high crystallinity C8IDTT-4Cl in the ternary device is found helpful to modulate crystallinity, improve heterojunction morphologies and stacking structure, therefore to realize higher charge mobility and better performance.
关键词： Non-fullerene Acceptors,Ternary Organic Solar Cells,Power Conversion Efficiency,Complimentary Absorption,Balanced Crystallinity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Exploiting ternary blends for improved photostability in high efficiency organic solar cells
摘要： Ternary organic solar cells based on polymer donor and nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are delivering high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Now, further improvement needs to be directed to enhance the operational lifetime of organic photovoltaics. Here, we selected three NFAs with different electron affinities and structural properties and found that the most crystalline third component, O-IDTBR, is selectively miscible within the acceptor phase. This reduced trap-assisted recombination and delivered a PCE of 16.6% and a fill factor of 0.76, compared to PM6:Y6 binary devices (15.2% PCE). Charge transport and recombination analyses revealed that O-IDTBR acts as a charge relay for improved charge transfer of both donor and acceptor materials leading to a more ordered transport. We find that minimizing traps formation in ternary devices deactivates light-induced traps upon full sun illumination (AM1.5G). As a result, ternary devices do not show any PCE drop in 225h, in comparison to binary cells which lose more than 60% of their initial performances.
关键词： photostability,nonfullerene acceptors,ternary organic solar cells,power conversion efficiency,charge transport
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Unraveling the Complex Nanomorphology of Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Multimodal Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy
摘要： Elucidating the complex materials distribution in the active layers of ternary organic solar cells is one of the greatest challenges in the field of organic photovoltaics. Knowledge of the nanomorphology is key to understanding photophysical processes (e.g. charge separation, adjustment of the recombination mechanism as well as suppression of the radiationless and energetic losses) and thus improving the device performance. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the successful discrimination and spatial mapping of the active layer components of a ternary organic solar cell using analytical transmission electron microscopy. The material distribution of all three organic components was successfully visualized by multimodal imaging using complementary electron energy loss signals. A complete picture of the morphological aspects could be gained by studying the lateral and cross-sectional morphology as well as the morphology evolution as a function of the mixing ratio of the polymers. Finally, a correlation between the morphology, photophysical processes and device performance of the ternary and the reference binary system was achieved, explaining the differences of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) between the two systems.
关键词： device performance,EFTEM,morphology,TEM,Ternary organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ideal alloys of two donor isomers with non-covalently conformational locking for ternary organic solar cells
摘要： Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) based on the alloy model have great potential in maximizing the improvement of device performance due to the probability of simultaneously enhancing the photocurrent through morphology optimization and improving open circuit voltage (Voc) by energy level adjustment. However, rationally designing compatible materials and constructing an effective alloy remain difficult. In this manuscript, two donor isomers, BT-TO-ID and BT-OT-ID with non-covalently conformational locking of alkoxy groups at different position, were designed and synthesized to obtain an ‘‘ideal alloy’’. A linearly tunable Voc was observed between the Voc limitation of binary blends with the changes of the composition across the full range, indicating the behavior of an ideal alloy in the ternary blends. A face-on molecular packing and an appropriate phase separation was observed in the ternary blends due to the strong interactions between the two isomers, which facilitated charge transport and charge recombination suppression. Notable improvements of 76% and 29% in device performance were obtained for the ternary blends compared with BT-OT-ID based and BT-OT-ID based binary devices, respectively. Therefore, this work provided a probable molecular design strategy to guide the construction of an effective alloy in ternary OSCs.
关键词： Open circuit voltage,Non-covalently conformational locking,Alloy model,Device performance,Molecular packing,Phase separation,Ternary organic solar cells,Donor isomers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Higha??Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Morphologya??Modulated Hole Transfer and Improved Ultraviolet Photostability
摘要： Ternary bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) strategy synergistically combining the merits of fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors has been regarded as a promising approach to enhance the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the fullerene derivative ICBA as the morphology regulator is incorporated into non-fullerene based PBDB-T-2F:BTP-4Cl (PM6:BTP-4Cl) system to fabricate the high-performance ternary OSCs. The amorphous ICBA prefers to homogeneously distribute in the BTP-4Cl phase to form the well-mixed acceptor domains due to their better miscibility, which distinctly reduces the exciton decay loss driven by the unfavorable phase separation and enhances BHJ morphology stability of ternary blends. The appropriate addition of ICBA induces the efficient long-range F?rster resonance energy transfer to BTP-4Cl and facilitates the ultrafast hole transfer process from BTP-4Cl to PM6, thereby contributing to charge carrier generation in the actual devices. Ultimately, the optimal ternary OSCs not only yield the average PCE higher than 16.5% but also show the superior ultraviolet photostability relative to binary control devices owing to the increased harvesting of ultraviolet photons, boosted charge transfer, more balanced charge transport and more stable nano-structural morphology. Our results provide the new insights to enable the simultaneously improved device performance and tolerance to UV light in highly efficient ternary OSCs.
关键词： hole transfer,non-fullerene,ultraviolet photostability,ternary organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Higha??Performance Pseudoplanar Heterojunction Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Nonfullerene Alloyed Acceptor
摘要： The vast majority of ternary organic solar cells are obtained by simply fabricating bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers. Due to the inappropriate distribution of donors and acceptors in the vertical direction, a new method by fabricating pseudoplanar heterojunction (PPHJ) ternary organic solar cells is proposed to better modulate the morphology of active layer. The pseudoplanar heterojunction ternary organic solar cells (P-ternary) are fabricated by a sequential solution treatment technique, in which the donor and acceptor mixture blends are sequentially spin-coated. As a consequence, a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.2% is achieved with a Voc of 0.79 V, Jsc of 25.6 mA cm?2, and fill factor (FF) of 69.8% compared with the ternary BHJ system of 13.8%. At the same time, the alloyed acceptor is likely formed between two the acceptors through a series of in-depth explorations. This work suggests that nonfullerene alloyed acceptor may have great potential to realize effective P-ternary organic solar cells.
关键词： ternary organic solar cells,sequential spin-coating,pseudoplanar heterojunctions,nonfullerene alloyed acceptors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Over 15% Efficiency in Ternary Organic Solar Cells by Enhanced Charge Transport and Reduced Energy Loss
摘要： In this study, an efficient ternary bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cell (OSC) is demonstrated by incorporating two acceptors, PC61BM and ITC6-4F with a polymer donor (PM6). It reveals that the addition of PC61BM not only enhances the electron mobility of the derived BHJ blend but also facilitates the exciton dissociation, resulting in a more balanced charge transport alongside with reduced trap-assisted charge recombination. Consequently, as compared to the pristine PM6:ITC6-4F device, the optimal ternary OSC is revealed to deliver an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.11% with boosted JSC, VOC and FF simultaneously. The resultant VOC and FF are among the highest values recorded in the literature for the ternary OSCs with PCE exceeding 15%. This result thus suggests that besides improving the charge transport characteristics in devices, incorporating fullerene derivative as part of the acceptor can also improve the resultant VOC, which can reduce the energy loss to realize efficient organic photovoltaic.
关键词： energy transfer,charge transport,fullerene derivative acceptor,open circuit voltage,ternary organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Role of Dipole Moment in Two Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with One Polymer Donor based Ternary Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) have made significant progress and attracted considerable attention due to their simple device architecture and broad absorption range in devices. There are three key parameters that need to be fine-tuned in ternary OSCs including absorption, energy level and morphology in order to realize high efficiencies. Herein, a series of FREAs with diverse electron-rich cores or electron-deficient terminals are developed and rationally combined to achieve high performance ternary OSCs. A new factor of dipole moment of FREAs’ terminals is unveiled and its working mechanism has been thoroughly investigated by systematical studying of six ternary OSCs. These ternary blends all exhibit complementary absorptions and cascade energy levels, which can facilitate efficient light-harvesting and charge transfer. Additionally, the morphological effects on ternary OSCs are eliminated through comparative studies while demonstrating distinctively different performance. The preliminary results show that compatible dipole moment between two FREAs is critical in ternary blends. Specifically, the performance of the ternary system with two FREAs having quite different dipole moment terminals is worse than that with similar terminal dipole moments. The pair with larger difference in dipole moment will also negatively impact device performance. This interesting phenomenon is likely due to that very different dipole moments of terminals in FREAs can significantly decrease the electron mobility as well as induce unbalanced hole/electron transport. Consequently, it results in increased charge recombination and reduced charge collection efficiency. This finding demonstrates that dipole moment of FREAs should be taken into account in designing ternary OSCs.
关键词： ternary organic solar cells,morphology,dipole moment,charge transfer,Fused-ring electron acceptors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Trade‐Off between Exciton Dissociation and Carrier Recombination and Dielectric Properties in Y6‐Sensitized Nonfullerene Ternary Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as a promising renewable energy generation technology in past decades. However, the deep understanding of the details in exciton dissociation and carrier recombination in ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) is still lacking. Herein, a novel ternary OSC based on a PTB7-Th:Y6:ITIC blend with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement of 29% is reported. A trade-off is surprisingly found to exist between the exciton dissociation and carrier recombination process. The addition of nonfullerene acceptor Y6 in the ternary blend is found to create an efficient exciton dissociation process but accelerates the free carrier recombination process. Dielectric properties are also studied for ternary OSCs. The addition of Y6 into the binary blend is found to tune down the dielectric constant of the active layer and as a result accelerates the carrier recombination. The best performance is obtained for PTB7-Th:Y6(5 wt%):ITIC(95 wt%)-based ternary devices. In addition to its balanced charge carrier mobility and efficient charge extraction process, PTB7-Th:Y6(5 wt%):ITIC(95 wt%)-based ternary devices reach a balance in the trade-off between the exciton dissociation and carrier recombination process and thus achieve the highest short-circuit current density (Jsc) value.
关键词： nonfullerene,carrier recombination and dielectric constants,ternary,organic solar cells,exciton dissociation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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ITC‐2Cl: a Versatile Middle‐Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptor for High‐Efficiency Panchromatic Ternary Organic Solar Cells
摘要： An effective way to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) is to use the ternary architecture consisting of a donor, an acceptor, and a third component. Identifying the proper third component for successful ternary OSCs, however, is not an easy task. Here, we demonstrate that a middle-bandgap acceptor, ITC-2Cl, functions as a successful third component for several wide-bandgap donor: ultra-narrow bandgap acceptor binary systems (PBDB-T-2F: F8IC, PBDB-T-2F: IOIC-2Cl, PBDB-T-2Cl: IOIC-2Cl). Photovoltaic parameters, including VOC, JSC, FF, and PCE, are effectively improved by incorporating ITC-2Cl, which lies in the complementary absorption of ITC-2Cl and host binary system, high-lying LUMO level of ITC-2Cl, and the inhibition of bimolecular recombination. The ternary device based on PBDB-T-2Cl: ITC-2Cl: IOIC-2Cl achieves a champion PCE of 14.75% (certified as 13.78%) with a very low energy loss of 0.48 eV. These results provide critical insight into the ternary strategy and encourage re-evaluation and re-study of the photoactive materials previously reported with moderate performance.
关键词： ternary organic solar cells,non-fullerene acceptor,panchromatic,energy loss
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59