- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Loophole-Free Bell Tests and the Falsification of Local Realism
摘要： Quantum mechanics is strictly incompatible with local realism. It has been shown by Bell and others that it is possible, in principle, to experimentally differentiate between local realism and quantum mechanics. Numerous experiments have attempted to falsify local realism; however, they have consistently failed to close the detection loophole under strict locality conditions, thereby allowing local realistic explanations for their observations. In 2015, three experiments took place that tested local realism without the impediments of these significant loopholes. Between these three experiments, a substantial data set was collected. All of the collected data show a strong violation of local realism and strong support for quantum mechanics. This article reviews the theoretical basis of Bell tests and the affiliated loopholes, as well as the methods employed by these recent experiments and the implications of the results they observed.
关键词： Local Realism,CHSH Inequality,Loophole-Free Bell Test,CH Inequality,Quantum Mechanics
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
Fluorescence detection test by black printed circuit board based microfluidic channel for polymerase chain reaction
摘要： This paper proposes the optimal structure of a PCB-based micro PCR chip constructed on a PCB substrate using commercial adhesive tapes and plastic covers. The solder mask of the PCB substrate was coated black, and the area where the reaction chamber is attached was legend printed with white silk to minimize the noise during fluorescence detection. The performance of the PCR and fluorescence detection was compared using 6 types of reaction chambers, each made with different double-sided tapes. Three of the chambers were unsuccessful in completing the PCR. The performance of the other three chambers that successfully amplified DNA was compared using Taqman probe for Chlamydia Trachomatis DNA. The amplified product was illuminated diagonally with a blue LED to excite the product just before imaging, and the LED was turned off when the image was captured to prevent quenching of the probe. The images were taken 10 seconds prior to the last extension step for each cycle using a DSLR camera. The experiments were run as a quartet for each three chambers made with different double-sided tape. The results showed that there were significant difference between the three tapes.
关键词： microfluidic channel,polymerase chain reaction,fluorescence detection test,acrylic adhesive,micro-PCR chip,black PCB,double-sided tape
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
Enlargement of Gold Nanoparticles for Sensitive Immunochromatographic Diagnostics of Potato Brown Rot
摘要： Lateral ?ow immunoassay (LFIA) is a convenient tool for rapid ?eld-based control of various bacterial targets. However, for many applications, the detection limits obtained by LFIA are not suf?cient. In this paper, we propose enlarging gold nanoparticles’ (GNPs) size to develop a sensitive lateral ?ow immunoassay to detect Ralstonia solanacearum. This bacterium is a quarantine organism that causes potato brown rot. We fabricated lateral ?ow test strips using gold nanoparticles (17.4 ± 1.0 nm) as a label and their conjugates with antibodies speci?c to R. solanacearum. We proposed a signal enhancement in the test strips’ test zone due to the tetrachloroauric (III) anion reduction on the GNP surface, and the increase in size of the gold nanoparticles on the test strips was approximately up to 100 nm, as con?rmed by scanning electron microscopy. Overall, the gold enhancement approach decreased the detection limit of R. solanacearum by 33 times, to as low as 3 × 104 cells·mL–1 in the potato tuber extract. The achieved detection limit allows the diagnosis of latent infection in potato tubers. The developed approach based on gold enhancement does not complicate analyses and requires only 3 min. The developed assay together with the sample preparation and gold enlargement requires 15 min. Thus, the developed approach is promising for the development of lateral ?ow test strips and their subsequent introduction into diagnostic practice.
关键词： gold nanoparticles,immunochromatographic diagnostics,potato brown rot,gold particle growth,increase of sensitivity,lateral ?ow immunoassay,test strips,Ralstonia solanacearum
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
Fluorescent Penetrant Testing by Means of Excilamps
摘要： The paper provides a brief review of modern sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation used in fluorescent penetrant testing (FT). The differences in implementation of the method with different radiation sources (excilamps, mercury UV lamp and LED UV lamp) are revealed experimentally. It is shown that the XeCl excilamp is not inferior to other sources of UV radiation used in FT.
关键词： Penetrant testing,UV lamp,fluorescent method,LED UV flashlight,ultraviolet radiation,test sample,excilamp
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
Can standard deviation of overnight pulse oximetry be used to screen childhood obstructive sleep apnea
摘要： Objectives: Pulse oximetry (PO) has been frequently used as an alternative test to polysomnography (PSG) in children. We conducted this study to determine which statistical parameters obtained from overnight PO monitoring would be most suitable and to evaluate its diagnostic performance. Methods: We prospectively recruited children with snoring referred for PSG. Subjects were monitored with PO while performing PSG. Eight statistical parameters of SpO2 data were analyzed to identify which had the best diagnostic performance as assessed by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). To validate this parameter (which was found to be the standard deviation, SD) in a larger population, we retrospectively extracted raw data of SpO2 from our previous PSG records, calculated the SD of each patient, and assessed its AUC. Results: A total of 166 children were recruited in the first phase. SD of SpO2 was found to have the largest AUC. In the second phase, raw data of 457 patients were extracted. SD of SpO2 correlated well with the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) (r=0.6, P<0.001). For diagnosis of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (AHI ≥5 events/h), AUC was 0.74. SD of SpO2 ≥1.06 representing mean + 2SD of normal to mild OSA (AHI <5) provided 97% specificity and 92% positive predictive value. The positive likelihood ratio was 11. Conclusion: Calculating the SD of SpO2, which quantifies the amount of dispersion of SpO2 values, is a useful initial investigation in childhood OSA. An SD ≥1.06 can predict moderate to severe OSA with confidence. This parameter is simple, practical, and readily accessible.
关键词： Adenotonsillectomy,Screening test,Children,Obstructive sleep apnea,Polysomnography
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
[IEEE 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Cancun (2018.8.29-2018.8.31)] 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Estimation of Optical Modulator Efficiency from Electrical Characteristics
摘要： We propose a new testing method to estimate the efficiency of Mach-Zehnder modulators by using only electrical characteristics, which is suitable for wafer-level testing. The breakdown voltage of the phase modulator shows a clear relationship with modulator efficiency.
关键词： Silicon photonics,Wafer-level test,Optical modulator
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
[IEEE 2018 9th International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (iCAST) - Fukuoka (2018.9.19-2018.9.21)] 2018 9th International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (iCAST) - Psychological Effect of Telescope Virtual Screens using VR Headset
摘要： We carried out a psychological experiment using Virtual Reality Head Mount Display (VR-HMD) with small FOV (Field of view) camera and a screen in virtual environment, telescope virtual screen, to analyze the change of subjects’ pain tolerance. We manipulate FOV of the virtual camera in VR to change the view of contents. Decreasing FOV makes view of angle narrow, therefore the view in VR looks similar to the one using telephoto lens, in which environment the view greatly moves with even small camera movement. With smaller value of FOV for a virtual camera, the view in VR is more sensitive to VR-HMD movement and requires subjects to keep concentrating not to move their heads to watch target properly. Hand immersion into cold water is a standard test for pain tolerance evaluation and is known as the cold pressor test. Cold pressor test with the VR-HMD shows that pain tolerance was increased with telescope virtual screen environment. The result indicates that pain tolerance can be controlled with VR-HMD without meaningful contents. The contents independent pain management technique can potentially be used in various applications especially in medical field.
关键词： Cold pressor test,VR,Psychology,FOV,Tolerance
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
<i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation of Customized Pulse Oximeter and Sensitivity Pulp Tests for Assessment Of Pulp Vitality
摘要： Objective: The purpose of this study was to test a customized pulse oximeter (CPO) for evaluation of pulp vitality in primary and permanent teeth against clinical diagnosis (vital and untreated non-vital) in order to expand its clinical use for pulp preservation. Study design: CPO was evaluated on intact primary and permanent central or lateral incisor (CI, LI) teeth- vital (group 1, 20n each); untreated non-vital (group 2, 10n each) and; root filled non-vital (group 3, 10n each) of children 4-12 years according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. For each patient CPO was first applied on finger followed by vitality tests in following sequence- electrical, pulse oximetry and thermal tests. Results: Mean oxygen saturation (%SpO2) in permanent and primary–vital teeth was 88.78% & 87.77% respectively; non-vital teeth was 74.67% & 75.00% respectively; and in all root filled teeth was 0%. Tooth and finger oxygen saturation values showed strong positive relationship in vital primary or permanent teeth and; no correlation in untreated non-vital primary or permanent teeth. The accuracy rate of thermal pulp test and pulse oximetry was 100% and for electrical pulp test it was 90% for permanent and 86.67% for primary teeth. Conclusion: The CPO tested in this study proved to be a valuable adjunct for diagnosing pulp vitality by objective means.
关键词： Pulp test,Pulse oximeter,Pulp vitality
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
[IEEE 2018 International Wafer Level Packaging Conference (IWLPC) - San Jose, CA, USA (2018.10.23-2018.10.25)] 2018 International Wafer Level Packaging Conference (IWLPC) - Board Level Reliability Study of Next Generation Large Die Wafer Level Chip Scale Package Structures
摘要： Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP) technologies are being used more often in electronic components due to their smaller size and lower cost, and are being applied to larger die and ball matrix sizes. Originally implemented mainly in mobile devices (i.e., smartphones), WLCSP components are now frequently used in new product categories that have more stringent use conditions than the mobile space. The harsher use conditions raise a concern of solder joint reliability, especially in temperature cycling due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the silicon die and the laminate motherboard. While cycle life can be extended by using underfill, underfilling makes the surface mount assembly process more complex and costly, increases cycle time and inhibits rework. To solve the challenge of extending cyclic life without underfill, new WLCSP structures and materials have been proposed. This paper describes the investigation of some of these innovative solutions through motherboard assembly and board level reliability testing. The package variables consisted of two WLCSP structures utilizing ball support mechanisms and a Bismuth (Bi) bearing solder ball that is expected to increase fatigue life. Packages were produced separately with each variable, along with legs that included both new packages and new alloy. The finished assemblies, along with a control leg of standard structure/solder, were subjected to drop testing and temperature cycling. Solder joint integrity was monitored in-situ to accurately identify duration to failure for Weibull analysis. The results clearly show that this new generation of WLCSP structures can offer dramatically improved fatigue life without a significant sacrifice in drop reliability. This benefit should allow the use of WLCSPs in more challenging environments, as well as providing designers the option of using larger package sizes in existing mobile designs.
关键词： drop test,SACQ,board level reliability (BLR),temperature cycling,Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP),SAC
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
Tests of a New Drowsiness Characterization and Monitoring System Based on Ocular Parameters
摘要： Drowsiness is the intermediate state between wakefulness and sleep. It is characterized by impairments of performance, which can be very dangerous in many activities and can lead to catastrophic accidents in transportation or in industry. There is thus an obvious need for systems that are able to continuously, objectively, and automatically estimate the level of drowsiness of a person busy at a task. We have developed such a system, which is based on the physiological state of a person, and, more specifically, on the values of ocular parameters extracted from images of the eye (photooculography), and which produces a numerical level of drowsiness. In order to test our system, we compared the level of drowsiness determined by our system to two references: (1) the level of drowsiness obtained by analyzing polysomnographic signals; and (2) the performance of individuals in the accomplishment of a task. We carried out an experiment in which 24 participants were asked to perform several Psychomotor Vigilance Tests in different sleep conditions. The results show that the output of our system is well correlated with both references. We determined also the best drowsiness level threshold in order to warn individuals before they reach dangerous situations. Our system thus has significant potential for reliably quantifying the level of drowsiness of individuals accomplishing a task and, ultimately, for preventing drowsiness-related accidents.
关键词： drowsy driving,drowsiness,photooculography,psychomotor vigilance test,monitoring,polysomnography
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29