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A Lesson from Nature: Biomimetic Self-assembling Phthalocyanines for High-efficient Photothermal Therapy within the Biological Transparent Window
摘要： Development of facile but high-efficient small organic molecule based photothermal therapy (PTT) in the in vivo transparent window (800-900 nm) has been regarded as a minimally invasive and most promising strategy for potential clinical cancer treatment. Phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules with remarkable photophysical and photochemical properties as well as high extinction coefficients in the near-infrared region are highly desirable for PTT, but as far satisfying single-component Pc-based PTT within the in vivo transparent window (800-900 nm) has very rarely been reported. Herein, inspired by the self-assembly algorithm of natural bacteriochlorophylls (BChl's) c, d, and e, biomimetic self-assembling tetrahexanoyl Pc Bio-ZnPc with outstanding light-harvesting capacity was demonstrated to exhibit excellent PTT efficacy evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo results, within the biological transparent window.
关键词： photothermal therapy,phthalocyanine,biological transparent window,self-assembly,biomimetics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Hypoxia-Irrelevant Photonic Thermodynamic Cancer Nanomedicine
摘要： The hypoxic tumor microenvironment severely lowers the therapeutic efficacy of oxygen-dependent anticancer modalities because tumor hypoxia hinders the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Here we report a thermodynamic cancer-therapeutic modality that employs oxygen-irrelevant free radicals generated from thermo-labile initiators for inducing cancer-cell death. Free radical nanogenerator was engineered via direct growth of mesoporous silica layer onto the surface of two-dimensional Nb2C MXene nanosheets towards multifunctionality, where the mesopore provided the reservoirs for initiators and MXene core acted as the photonic-thermal trigger at near infrared-II biowindow (NIR-II). Upon illumination by a 1064 nm NIR-II laser, the photothermal-conversion effect of Nb2C MXene induced the fast release and quick decomposition of the encapsulated initiators (AIPH) to produce free radicals, which promoted cancer-cell apoptosis in both normoxic and hypoxic microenvironment. Systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations have demonstrated the synergistic-therapeutic outcome of this intriguing photonic nanoplatform-enabled thermodynamic cancer therapy for completely eradicating the tumors without recurrence by NIR-II laser irradiation. This work pioneers the thermodynamic therapy for oxygen-independent cancer treatment by photonic triggering at NIR-II biowindow.
关键词： nanomedicine,thermodynamic therapy,photothermal effect,tumor hypoxia,free radicals
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Near infrared light-responsive heat-emitting hemoglobin hydrogels for photothermal cancer therapy
摘要： Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an effective means of treating tumors because tumor cells are sensitive to heat. Gold and carbon nanoparticles are used as efficient PTT materials. However, development of a non-toxic biodegradable PTT agent remains a challenge. Here, we developed a hemoglobin (Hb) hydrogel that exhibited excellent PTT effects in vitro and in vivo. Unlike conventional PTT agents, which are toxic and do not decompose completely in the body, the Hb hydrogel was manufactured using only two components: (i) Hb, a natural substance derived from the human body, and (ii) PEG, an FDA-approved polymer. The gelation time of the Hb hydrogels could be controlled by changing the Hb concentration. Because Hb is present at a high concentration (150 mg/ml) in the body, the Hb hydrogel decomposed and was eliminated in vivo without toxicity. The Hb hydrogel showed an excellent PTT effect in response to 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation and had excellent anticancer effects against A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Blood hematology and blood biochemical assay results from an animal model treated with Hb hydrogel were similar to those of the control group. Importantly, toxicity was not observed based on H&E staining of major organs (heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and lung). Tumors of A549 cell-xenografted mice treated with Hb hydrogel and 808 nm NIR laser irradiation were significantly smaller than those of the control group (23.1 mm3 versus 746.5 mm3, respectively). This is a first report of a biocompatible photothermal hydrogel based on hemoglobin, and our overall results suggest that Hb hydrogels are commercially-promising PTT systems that have excellent anti-cancer effects.
关键词： Biocompatibility,Quick gelation,Lung cancer,Hemoglobin,Hydrogel,Photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Nanoscale reduced graphene oxide-mediated photothermal therapy together with IDO inhibition and PD-L1 blockade synergistically promote antitumor immunity
摘要： Despite the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade for effective treatment of cancer, this therapeutic modality is not generally curative and only a fraction of patients respond. Combination approaches provide strategies to target multiple antitumor immune pathways to induce synergistic antitumor immunity. Here, a multi-combination immunotherapy including photothermal therapy (PTT), indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade is introduced for inducing synergistic antitumor immunity. We designed a multifunctional IDO inhibitor (IDOi)-loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based nanosheets (IDOi/rGO nanosheets) with the properties to directly kill tumor cells under laser irradiation and in situ trigger antitumor immune response. In vivo experiments further revealed that the triggered immune response can be synergistically promoted by IDO inhibition and PD-L1 blockade; the responses included the enhancement of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) including CD45+ leukocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, the inhibition of the immune suppression activity of regulator T cells (Tregs) and the production of INF-γ. We also demonstrate that the three combinations of PTT, IDO inhibition and PD-L1 blockade could effectively inhibit the growth of both irradiated tumors and tumors in distant sites without PTT treatment. This work can be thought as an important proof-of-concept to target multiple antitumor immune pathways to induce synergistic antitumor immunity.
关键词： photothermal therapy,reduced graphene oxide,IDO inhibition,combinatorial immunotherapy,PD-L1
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer: Past Challenges and Current Innovations
摘要： There are limited treatment options for patients with recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In this report, we will talk about the history of photodynamic therapy; although it showed encouraging therapeutic results, it was largely abandoned due to toxicity or bystander effects on normal cells. Monoclonal antibody-conjugates represent an emerging therapeutic approach for malignancies that improves upon tumor specificity. The use of a monoclonal antibody-photosensitizer conjugate is a more selective method of delivering light therapy and has been termed 'photoimmunotherapy', which we will discuss in the last part of this report.
关键词： Hematoporphyrin,Urothelial cancer,Hexaminolevulinic acid,Photoimmunotherapy,PIT,BCG-refractory NMIBC,PDT,Bladder cancer,5-Aminolevulinic acid,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photodynamic Therapy in Bowen Disease of the First Web Space of the Hand
摘要： Bowen disease (BD), or intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), may progress to an invasive SCC. Although surgery is preferred because of the low recurrence rate, it can result in hypertrophic scarring or contracture, particularly in lesions on the hands. We report a case of BD in the first web space of the hand, which was treated with ablative fractional laser-assisted photodynamic therapy (AFXL-assisted PDT). After multiple AFXL-assisted PDT sessions, the lesion showed no clinical or pathological abnormalities. Thus, we believe that PDT can be an alternative treatment for BD occurring in the web space of the hand.
关键词： Bowen's disease,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Vascular and structural alterations of the choroid evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography after half-fluence photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy
摘要： Purpose To concurrently evaluate the effect of half-fluence photodynamic therapy (hf PDT) on choriocapillaris (CC) perfusion and choroidal structure in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods This prospective study included 48 eyes of 41 patients with chronic CSC. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were analyzed. Choroidal area (CA), luminal area (LA), and stromal area (SA) were computed using Image J software. Results One month after hf-PDT, total CA decreased to 1.312 mm2 from 1.490 mm2 (p < 0.001), LA decreased to 0.981 mm2 from 1.097 mm2 (p < 0.001), and SA decreased to 0.331 mm2 from 0.393 mm2 (p < 0.001). In OCTA, the CC flow in the eyes with CSC (17.75 mm2) was statistically significantly lower than the fellow eyes (18.93 mm2) at the baseline visit (p < 0.001). After hf-PDT, the flow in the choriocapillaris statistically significantly increased to 18.81 mm2 at the first month (p = 0.02). Conclusions OCTA proves that after hf-PDT a significant increase in CC perfusion occurred at first month. The decrease of the luminal areas in enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography is mainly due to a decrease in large-caliber vessels, which indicates that hf-PDT has an effect on larger choroidal vessels and spares CC flow.
关键词： Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy,Optical coherence tomography angiography,Half-fluence photodynamic therapy,Choriocapillaris perfusion
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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PEGylated hollow gold nanoparticles for combined X-ray radiation and photothermal therapy in vitro and enhanced CT imaging in vivo
摘要： Up until now, hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) with a spherical cavity have garnered much interest as theranostic agents in cancer therapy due to their high X-ray absorption and photothermal conversion ability. Herein, we describe the design of PEGylated hollow gold nanoparticles (mPEG@HGNPs) for combined X-ray radiation and photothermal therapy in vitro and enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging in vivo using a breast tumor model. In vitro results revealed that mPEG@HGNPs could achieve a synergistic antitumor effect when irradiated by combined X-ray radiation and 808 nm near infrared laser light. Furthermore, mPEG@HGNPs exhibited a favorable tumor targeting effect and good CT contrast enhancement in both xenografted and orthotopic breast tumor models, due to the stealth effect of PEG which increased the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. These results suggest that mPEG@HGNPs may serve as multifunctional nanocomposites for cancer combination therapy and, thus, should be further studied.
关键词： hollow gold nanoparticles,CT imaging,PEGylated,combination therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Bismuth Sulfide Nanorods with Retractable Zinc Protoporphyrin Molecules for Suppressing Innate Antioxidant Defense System and Strengthening Phototherapeutic Effects
摘要： Bismuth (Bi)-based nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used for computed tomography (CT) imaging guided photothermal therapy, however, the photodynamic property is hardly exhibited by these NMs due to the fast electron–hole recombination within their narrow bandgap. Herein, a sophisticated nanosystem is designed to endow bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorods (NRs) with potent photodynamic property. Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZP) is linked to Bi2S3 NRs through a thermoresponsive polymer to form BPZP nanosystems. The stretching ZP could prebind to the active site of heme oxygenase-1 overexpressed in cancer cells, suppressing the cellular antioxidant defense capability. Upon NIR laser irradiation, the heat released from Bi2S3 NRs could retract the polymer and drive ZP to the proximity of Bi2S3 NRs, facilitating an efficient electron–hole separation in ZP and Bi2S3 NRs, and leading to reactive oxygen species generation. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the promising photodynamic property of BPZP, together with their photothermal and CT imaging performance.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,heme oxygenase-1,bismuth sulfide,near-infrared,zinc protoporphyrin IX
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of fungal biofilm using amino functionalized mesoporus silica-rose bengal nanoconjugate against Candida albicans
摘要： Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes both superficial and systemic infection and an important candidate that contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates in immunocompromised patients. The ability of C. albicans to switch from yeast to filamentous form and thereby forming biofilms make them resistant to most of the antifungal drugs available today. Thus the development of more effective antifungal drugs are essential and crucial at this point of time. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is an alternative modality to treat such biofilm forming resistant strains. This study aims to investigate the enhanced efficiency of newly synthesized MSN-RB conjugate as an antimicrobial photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against C. albicans. Functionalization of MSN with amino groups was performed to increase the dye loading capacity. Conjugation process of MSN-RB was confirmed using different techniques including UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescent spectroscopy and FTIR analysis. A low power green laser 50 mW irradiation was applied (5 min) for activation of MSN-RB conjugate and RB against C. albicans biofilm and planktonic cell. The comparative study of MSN-RB conjugate and free RB on aPDT was evaluated using standard experimental procedures. Antibiofilm efficacy was determined using biofilm inhibition assay, cell viability, EPS quantification and CLSM studies. The results revealed that MSN-RB conjugate has a significant antimicrobial activity (88.62 ± 3.4%) and antibiofilm effect on C. albicans when compared to free dye after light irradiation. The MSN-RB conjugate based aPDT can be employed effectively in treatment of C. albicans infections.
关键词： Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy,Conjugation,Amino functionalization,Mesoporus silica nanoparticles,Lipid peroxidation,Anti-biofilm activity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52