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Protocol for Producing Three-Dimensional Infrared Video of Freezing in Plants
摘要： Freezing in plants can be monitored using infrared (IR) thermography, because when water freezes, it gives off heat. However, problems with color contrast make 2-dimensions (2D) infrared images somewhat difficult to interpret. Viewing an IR image or the video of plants freezing in 3 dimensions (3D) would allow a more accurate identification of sites for ice nucleation as well as the progression of freezing. In this paper, we demonstrate a relatively simple means to produce a 3D infrared video of a strawberry plant freezing. Strawberry is an economically important crop that is subjected to unexpected spring freeze events in many areas of the world. An accurate understanding of the freezing in strawberry will provide both breeders and growers with more economical ways to prevent any damage to plants during freezing conditions. The technique involves a positioning of two IR cameras at slightly different angles to film the strawberry freezing. The two video streams will be precisely synchronized using a screen capture software that records both cameras simultaneously. The recordings will then be imported into the imaging software and processed using an anaglyph technique. Using red-blue glasses, the 3D video will make it easier to determine the precise site of ice nucleation on leaf surfaces.
关键词： Infrared thermography,plant freezing,anaglyph,3-dimensional video,convergence,strawberry
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Detection of Delaminations in Sunlight-Unexposed Concrete Elements of Bridges Using Infrared Thermography
摘要： Infrared thermography is a non-destructive test used in the inspection of structures. However, its use for bridge inspection is still under development and in many cases its application may be limited to bridge sections exposed to direct sunlight. This study aims to evaluate infrared thermography test for the detection of delaminations in different types of concrete not exposed directly to sunlight. The experimental methodology uses two concrete specimens with water/cement ratios (w/c) equal to 0.5 and 0.6, through the insertion of polystyrene plates of different thicknesses (3, 6 and 12 mm) and depths (25, 50 and 75 mm), in order to simulate defects within the concrete and evaluate the capacity of infrared thermography to detect them. The results show that detection is possible, but limited to short periods of time. In relation to the concrete quality, defects were more easily detected in the test specimen with lower w/c ratio. It can be said that the nearer to the surface and larger the delamination, the easier it is to detect. Also, the better the quality of the concrete, the more effective the technique becomes.
关键词： Concrete,Passive thermal imaging,Infrared thermography,Bridge inspection
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Thermal characterization of gallium oxide Schottky barrier diodes
摘要： The higher critical electric field of β-gallium oxide (Ga2O3) gives promise to the development of next generation power electronic devices with improved size, weight, power, and efficiency over current state-of-the-art wide bandgap devices based on 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). However, it is expected that Ga2O3 devices will encounter serious thermal issues due to the poor thermal conductivity of the material. In this work, self-heating in Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes under different regimes of the diode operation was investigated using diverse optical thermography techniques including thermoreflectance thermal imaging, micro-Raman thermography, and infrared thermal microscopy. 3D coupled electro-thermal modeling was used to validate experimental results and to understand the mechanism of heat generation for the diode structures. Measured topside and cross-sectional temperature fields suggest that device and circuit engineers should account for the concentrated heat generation that occurs near the anode/Ga2O3 interface and/or the lightly doped drift layer under both forward and high voltage reverse bias conditions. Results of this study suggest that electro-thermal co-design techniques and top-side thermal management solutions are necessary to exploit the full potential of the Ga2O3 material system.
关键词： Schottky barrier diodes,thermal characterization,electro-thermal modeling,gallium oxide,optical thermography
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Combined Infrared Thermography, X-ray Radiography, and Computed Tomography for Ink Drying Studies
摘要： This work describes the comparison of drying behavior of ink deposited on two substrates used commonly in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs): microporous layer (MPL) and Nafion. For the same drying conditions and ink composition, ink deposited onto the MPL dried faster and also formed cracks faster. During drying, ink deposited on the MPL had more cracks and smaller intercrack spacing compared to ink deposited on Nafion. Smaller intercrack spacing for ink on the MPL substrate is explained by the higher critical stress predicted by the model. A novel combination of infrared (IR) thermography, X-ray radiography, and computed tomography (CT) is used to characterize ink drying behavior. X-ray radiography with fast temporal resolution showed the existence of skin on the top of drying film that formed due to slow convective ink transport within the film and fast evaporative drying. From X-ray CT, detailed three-dimensional data was obtained on crack morphology within the drying film and was correlated to temperature profiles obtained with IR-thermography. The formation of a Y-crack in the film deposited on the MPL was correlated to the defect within the MPL substrate. The combination of three techniques is a unique probe to capture the temporal, thermal, and morphological evolution of drying ink.
关键词： IR thermography,fuel cells,evaporation,X-ray computed tomography,X-ray radiography,ink drying
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Infrared thermography camera protection in dairy farming management
摘要： Infrared thermography as a non-invasive contactless method of temperature distribution is ideal for various types of analyses. Thermal cameras have some protection against direct sprays of water and dust but no deposit on a camera is allowed. Educated camera operators often find themselves in situations where they have to conduct an analysis during which the equipment is exposed to unforeseen working conditions. One such occasion is dairy farming management. Analyzing dairy cows with a thermal camera exposes expensive equipment to faeces and urine. Camera protection is normally carried out by the usage of a thermal window, protective lens or special housing. One of the materials used in lens protection manufacturing is polyethylene used to make plastic bags. The paper elaborates on camera protection in order to support the usage of a plastic bag for camera protection when in unexpected circumstances. Two experiments were performed under controlled conditions and one in real conditions on a dairy farm with and without the usage of a plastic bag. The impact of the bag and its thickness on the results of thermographic analysis of a homogeneous radiation source at ambient temperature did not provide desired information due to thermal equilibrium. The setup analysis with a heat source that have the same temperature difference as a real cow in the farm has shown the influence of bag thickness as well as a different setup on the camera. The importance of a bag being well stretched over the camera lens in order to get homogeneous and minimal influence on the final measurement results was emphasized prior to the final shooting in the farm condition. In the dairy cow analysis, when the plastic bag was mounted over the camera, the temperature difference was observed. It was shown that the difference increases alongside with the increase of the observed object temperature. The plastic bag reduces the registered cow apparent temperature but similarly raises the ambient temperature.
关键词： Infrared thermography,Farm,Dairy cow,Equipment protection,Plastic bag
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Thermography is cool: Defect detection using liquid nitrogen as a stimulus
摘要： This paper mainly explores cooling instead of heating for external stimulation in infrared thermography for NDT & E. Liquid nitrogen is sprinkled on the surface of a steel sample with flat-bottom holes and a thermal camera captures the whole process. Pulsed thermography and lock-in thermography are also employed to obtain a good comparison. In image processing procedure, the principal component thermography method is performed on all thermal images. Moreover, the corresponding receiver operating characteristic curves are established and discussed. A comparison of the results indicates that the liquid nitrogen technique could be considered as a valid option for NDT & E.
关键词： FFT,defects,experiment,thermography,thermal imaging
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology] Internet of Things and Personalized Healthcare Systems || Role of Imaging Modality in Premature Detection of Bosom Irregularity
摘要： Since last 60 years, bosom (breast) tumor is the major cause of death amid females worldwide. Earliest possible detection will raise the endurance rate of patients. Premature detection of bosom tumor is big challenge in medical science. Medical studies proven that imaging modalities like mammography, thermography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play a vigorous role to detect breast irregularity earliest. This paper enhances the knowledge on two imaging practices, one is mammography and another is thermography. It aids to identify the limitations in existing technologies and helps to plan the new methodology.
关键词： Bosom tumor,Ultrasound,MRI—magnetic resonance imaging,Mammography,Thermography
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP) - Chennai, India (2018.4.3-2018.4.5)] 2018 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP) - Statistical Analysis of Surface Temperature Distribution Pattern in Plantar Foot of Healthy and Diabetic Subjects Using Thermography
摘要： Diabetic foot complications are a major cause of concern for diabetic patients as it affects mobility and quality of life. Any computer aided diagnosis system would be very useful in the early detection and hence treatment and cure. For such a system, the surface temperature distribution patterns in the plantar region of the foot of both healthy and diabetic subjects have to be analyzed to detect any abnormality. In this paper we have analyzed the infrared thermal images of 62 diabetic and 20 healthy subjects to identify the temperature distribution patterns capable of detecting diabetic foot complications. The images were taken using Fluke TiX560 thermal imager. Image processing and analysis was done in MATLAB.
关键词： Infrared Thermography,Statistical Analysis,Mean Temperature Difference,Surface temperature distribution,Diabetic Foot Complications,Correlation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Intraoperative Thermography of the Electrical Stimulation Mapping: A Safety Control Study
摘要： A standard procedure for continuous intraoperative monitoring of the integrity of the corticospinal tracts by eliciting muscle responses is the electric stimulation mapping (ESM). However, standard ESM protocols are ineffective in 20% of young children. We have developed a novel, highly efficient paradigm consisting of short-time burst (30 ms) of high frequency (500 Hz) and high peak current (≤100 mA), which may cause local tissue overheating. The presented safety control study was therefore designed. The infrared thermography camera captured to-be-resected cortex of 13 patients in vivo during ESM. Thermograms were image processed to reveal discrete ESM thermal effect of currents from 10 to 100 mA. Peak 100 mA currents induced a maximal increase in temperature of 3.1 °C, 1.23 ± 0.72 °C in average. The warming correlated with stimulating electrode resistance (p < 0.001). The measurement uncertainty was estimated ±1.01 °C for the most skeptical conditions. The histopathological evaluation of stimulated tissue (performed in all cases) did not show any destructive changes. Our study demonstrates the ability of the thermographic camera to measure the discrete thermal effect of the ESM. The results provide evidence for the safety of the proposed protocol for full range currents with minimal risk of brain tissue damage.
关键词： neurosurgery,safety control,Electrical stimulation mapping,thermography,thermal effect,in vivo
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Reliability assessment of pulsed thermography and ultrasonic testing for impact damage of CFRP panels
摘要： In order to quantitatively compare the reliability of pulsed thermography and ultrasonic testing techniques, a set of thirty-five Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composite panels with impact damages are inspected by pulsed thermography and ultrasonic C-scan. The comparative experimental results and Probability of Detection (PoD) analysis results are presented. The quantitative comparison shows that pulsed thermography testing has smaller defect size at 90% PoD with 95% confidence level, i.e. a90/95 values than ultrasonic testing for the parameters and setup used in the inspections of these thirty-five CFRP composite panels.
关键词： Probability of detection,Ultrasonic testing,CFRP,Impact damage,Thermography
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46