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Thermophotovoltaic applications in waste heat recovery systems: example of GaSb cell
摘要： In this study, it is aimed at evaluating real data in high temperature GaSb cell thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems. The TPV systems are considered as an alternative energy source in terms of efficient use of waste heat, cost and efficiency. The TPV system can be defined as a system that converts waste heat energy emitted from heat sources into electrical energy at high temperature. In this context, efficiency and parameters of TPV GaSb cells have been determined in laboratory conditions. The conversion of the high temperature applied to the cell to electrical energy has been investigated by selecting the GaSb photovoltaic cell as the cell type. According to the analysis have been done so far, TPV high-temperature real graphics have been obtained using GaSb cell. The temperature parameters used are, namely, cell temperature and source temperature. With these graphs, energy efficiency, fill factor, effect of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current values have been determined. While the efficiency value of the GaSb TPV cell systems was calculated, the radiation source temperature values have been taken in increments of 300 K between 1300 and 3100 K. In this analysis, the optimum energy conversion efficiency values of GaSb solar cell structure have been detected to be 21.57%. Opinions about the feasibility, efficiency and development of thermophotovoltaic energy conversion systems are stated, and suggestions are presented.
关键词： electricity generation,GaSb cell,waste heat,thermophotovoltaic,real data,photovoltaic cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of performance of near-field thermophotovoltaic systems based on entropy analysis
摘要： Near-field radiative heat transfer can significantly improve the output power of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems. Therefore, it is crucial to explore how to increase the energy conversion efficiencies of near-field TPV systems. In this study, based on the fluctuation–dissipation theorem with the effective medium theory, we evaluate the performance of a near-field TPV system from the formulation of thermodynamics. It is found that a near-field TPV system consisting of InAs or GaSb cell can achieve higher heat flux or efficiency limit, respectively. Moreover, the TPV system with a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) emitter composed of nanowire or nanohole arrays can achieve higher heat flux and efficiency limit compared to that of the bulk reference. This is attributable to the HMMs being able to support hyperbolic modes, and the radiation with the HMM emitter exhibits a favorable entropy content for the energy conversion efficiency. This work provides an approach to determine the efficiency limit and establish a target for efficiency of the near-field TPV system without considering how the system works. The results of this study will facilitate the design and application of the HMM emitter and material of the TPV cell to improve the efficiency of near-field TPV systems.
关键词： Thermophotovoltaic systems,Near-field radiative heat transfer,Energy conversion efficiency,Hyperbolic metamaterial,Entropy analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Parametric analysis on the combustion and thermal performance of a swirl micro-combustor for micro thermophotovoltaic system
摘要： A swirl micro-combustor which has strong capability to stabilize the flame has been developed and is promising to be used in micro thermophotovoltaic power generators in this work. Heat recirculation plays a requisite role in flame stability and thermal performance of micro combustors. Thus, the effects of three parameters (center inlet radius w1, swirler width w2, and step height w3) that determine the size and location of the recirculation zones in a premixed hydrogen/air flame are investigated numerically. The results show that inner recirculation zone and corner recirculation zone generated by a swirler are critical for stabilizing the flame. The parameter w1 has an insignificant influence on the thermal performance. Enlarging the inner recirculation zone by decreasing w2 provokes enhanced heat transfer, and increases the temperature level and temperature non-uniformity of combustor walls. The size of corner recirculation zone is increased by increasing w3, which raises the outer wall temperature uniformity. Based on the parametric analysis, the newly designed micro combustor possesses a high wall temperature level. Additionally, the energy output increment is between 9.1% and 14.2% at hydrogen mass flow rate of 0.0006 g/s when stoichiometric hydrogen/air ratio ranges from 0.6 to 1.4.
关键词： Thermal performance,Swirl micro-combustor,Micro thermophotovoltaic system,Recirculation zone,Micro combustion
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Thermophotovoltaic Cells Converting Low-Temperature Radiation into Electricity
摘要： Thermophotovoltaic cells, which convert low-temperature radiation into electricity, are of signi?cance due to their potential applications in many ?elds. Here, Bi2Te3/Si thermophotovoltaic cells, which work under the radiation from a blackbody, at a temperature of 300–480 K, are presented. The experimental results show that the cells can output electricity, even under a radiation temperature of 300 K. The band structure of Bi2Te3/Si heterojunctions and the defects in Bi2Te3 thin ?lms lower the conversion e?ciency of the cells. It is also demonstrated that the resistivity of Si and the thickness of Bi2Te3 thin ?lms have important e?ects on Bi2Te3/Si thermophotovoltaic cells. Although the cells’ output power is small, this work provides a possible way to utilize low-temperature radiation.
关键词： Bi2Te3/Si,low-temperature radiation,electricity conversion,Thermophotovoltaic cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Performance analysis of narrow-bandgap interband cascade thermophotovoltaic cells
摘要： We present the detailed characterization and performance analysis of two sets of four interband cascade thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices with InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (SL) absorbers. The bandgaps of the SL absorbers in the four devices were between 0.22 and 0.25 eV at 300 K. With different numbers of cascade stages and individual absorber thicknesses, we are able to show how possible material quality variations and current mismatch between stages can affect the device performance. Based on the calculated effective quantum efficiency in each stage and experimental results, it is shown that the current mismatch between stages due to the deviation of absorption coefficient from the designed value can be substantial with more stages. On the other hand, the collection efficiency can be much improved with more stages and thin individual absorbers. Also, the carrier lifetime is extracted through measured dark current density to evaluate the material quality. The effects of material quality, current mismatch and collection efficiency on device performance are quantified and a comparison shows that material quality plays the most important role.
关键词： Interband cascade,current mismatch,carrier lifetime,thermophotovoltaic cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Ultra-thin films of barium fluoride with low work function for thermionic-thermophotovoltaic applications
摘要： The deposition of barium fluoride thin and ultra-thin films on gallium arsenide substrates was performed by electron beam evaporation for analyzing the influence of film thickness and chemical composition on the work function of the resulting heterostructure. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy combined with ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveals that films of 2 nm nominal thickness and Ba/F ? 1.0 stoichiometry ratio induce the achievement of a significantly low work function of 2.1 eV to the BaFx/GaAs heterostructure. The significant reduction of the work function at least down to 3.0 eV is confirmed by a test thermionic converter operating at a cathode temperature of 1385 C, where the heterostructure was applied as anode. The low work function, together with a negligible optical absorption, makes feasible the practical application of barium fluoride coatings on GaAs within hybrid thermionic-thermophotovoltaic devices.
关键词： Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy,Work function,Barium fluoride,Thermionic-thermophotovoltaic energy conversion
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT) - Vellore, India (2019.3.22-2019.3.23)] 2019 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT) - Numerical modeling and Simulation of Thermophotovoltaic Cell using COMSOL
摘要： In recent years, Thermophotovoltaics (TPV) have become a hot and essential research area due to the increase in requirement of electrical energy at global level as well as the scarcity on other fossil fuels. TPV is a technology which uses the application of photovoltaic diodes for generating electricity from thermal radiation. This process is generally achieved by using thermal emitters that are heated to a temperature greater than 800o C. In this work, we have designed a circular TPV cell using Silicon Carbide as an emitter and Gallium Antimonide as solar PV cells. The emitter is operated at a heat varying from 1000 K to 2000 K using parametric solver at a regular interval of 100 K. We have analyzed how the heat transfers with surface to surface radiation at a stationary condition. The temperature distribution and electrical power output of TPV cell is also observed. It is observed that the proposed TPV cell produces a maximum of 27000 W/m2 electrical power output at an emitter temperature of 1700 K and solar temperature of 1300 K.
关键词： Solar cell,Electrical energy,Thermophotovoltaic cell,Photovoltaic cell,Heat transfer,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Theoretical analysis of solar thermophotovoltaic energy conversion with selective metafilm and cavity reflector
摘要： This work performs a detailed theoretical analysis for low-concentration solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system with both solar absorber and thermal emitter made of previously-developed selective meta?lms along with a cavity re?ector for performance enhancement. When paired with an InGaAsSb cell, the initial meta?lm structure shows an STPV system e?ciency of 7.1% at 50 suns, where about half of the incident solar energy is lost through the thermal emission from the top surface of the absorber according to energy loss analysis. In order to enhance the STPV system performance, the meta?lm layer thicknesses of the solar absorber and those of the thermal emitter are optimized at 50 suns, increasing the STPV system e?ciency from 7.1% to 10.2%. Moreover, a cavity re?ector above the absorber is considered to recycle the infrared photons emitted from the top surface of the absorber. The e?ects of the size and the re?ectivity of the cavity re?ector on the e?ciency are discussed. The results show that, the e?ciency of the optimized meta?lm based STPV system at 50 suns can be increased from 10.2% to 17.4% with a cavity made of ideal re?ectors.
关键词： Solar power,Selective emitter,Meta?lm,Thermophotovoltaic
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A comprehensive experimental characterisation of a novel porous media combustion-based thermophotovoltaic system with controlled emission
摘要： The high temperatures of combustion systems make them suitable for coupling with thermophotovoltaic systems. In practice, it is quite challenging to reduce heat losses and the spectral mismatch between the emission of the combustion source and the spectral response of photovoltaic (PV) cells. In an effort to pull these disparate energy-focussed research fields together, this paper explores the use of a low-cost erbia (Er2O3) coating on a novel porous media combustion-based thermophotovoltaic (PMC-TPV) reactor for continuous combined heat and power generation. In this work, three different configurations were analysed, including a non-coated porous foam, a coated porous foam, and a coated quartz container. As such, this study provides the first in-depth analysis and characterisation of all salient components of a PMC-TPV system. It includes a detailed characterisation of a 24-cell gallium antimonide (GaSb) array, which was attached to a heat sink and used to harvest the radiant emission from a hot (> 1200 °C), yttria-stabilised zirconia/alumina composite (YZA) ceramic foam. Since the ceramic foam does not have an ideal emissivity curve for these cells, the ability of the erbia coating to control the spectral emission was measured. The results show that by applying the erbia coating to the outer surface of the YZA foam (e.g. using a simple 2-step process of dip coating followed by curing/calcination), it is possible to increase performance, achieving a maximum in-band emission fraction of 25.4% at a firing rate of 1300 kW/m2 (i.e. around 10% of increase than that for non-coated configuration), which provides a temperature of 1285 °C. Additionally, a maximum power output of 1 W was achieved by using erbia coating on YZA foam. For the third configuration, the use of the erbia coating on the quartz tube (instead of the YZA foam) leads to an increase in the maximum core temperature of the reactor up to 1443 °C; however, this also leads to a decrease in electrical performance due to a lower in-band fraction. These findings show that applying an erbia coating on an industrial radiant emitter could enable a combined heat and power processes to gain around 30% increase of electrical output. Finally, since the PV fill factor was lower than expected, and electroluminescence measurements indicated cell damage, these findings also reveal the importance of continuously monitoring PV parameters in PMC-TPV systems.
关键词： Thermophotovoltaic systems,Direct energy conversion,Porous media combustion
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of Evanescent Waves on the Dark Current of Thermophotovoltaic Cells
摘要： The output power of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells may be greatly increased when the gap between the emitter and cell is reduced to sub-micron distances (near-field regime), at which photon tunneling due to evanescent waves becomes important. Accurate modeling of TPV cells in these conditions is crucial for the design and optimization of near-field TPV systems. The conventional or standard modeling method uses the summation of the dark current and the short-circuit current, while the direct method applies the photon chemical potential. It has been shown that the two methods are linked through a modification of the direct method using Wien’s approximation. By contrasting different modeling approaches, we quantitatively analyze the effects of evanescent waves on the TPV cell performance parameters, especially the dark current, for different emitter and cell materials in the near-field regime. Our results show that the saturation current by radiative recombination is strongly affected by evanescent waves and the bandgap energy. The current-voltage characteristics calculated by different modeling methods are displayed to demonstrate that a constant saturation current typically used in the standard method could cause substantial error in the near-field regime. For a TPV system with an emitter operating at relatively low temperatures, we show that it is necessary to include the photon chemical potential in the computation of the net radiative heat transfer between the emitter and receiver.
关键词： evanescent waves,Dark current,near-field thermophotovoltaic,diode
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04