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Characterization of the morphology of titanium and titanium (IV) oxide nanolayers deposited on different substrates by application of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectometry techniques
摘要： X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and X-ray reflectometry (XRR) techniques were applied for analysis of titanium (Ti) and titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) nanolayers with thickness of 25 nm, 50 nm and 75 nm deposited on silicon, quartz and BK7 glass substrates. The aim of studies was investigating the crystal structure and morphology of the nanolayers in dependence on the substrate type. The chemical phases of nanolayers and substrates were determined by using the XRD and GIXRD measurements. The benefits of applying low angle GIXRD and XRR analytical techniques, both for substrate and nanofilm analysis, is discussed based on theoretical calculations and simulations. Additional, analytical capabilities of the XRR technique to nanolayer and substrate morphology analysis are presented. Simulated XRR curves for titanium (Ti) and titanium (IV) oxide nanolayers are discussed depending on the substrate type as well as the substrate and nanolayer roughnesses. Experimental reflectometry curves are presented for all titanium and titanium (IV) oxide nanolayers deposited on the different substrates. As the result of the XRR analysis, the nanolayer thickness and roughness together with substrate roughness are estimated. The mean values of the Ti and TiO2 layer thickness and roughness are presented for all studied samples. The largest roughness, both for nanolayers and for substrates, is obtained for BK7 glass material. In the manuscript, sample properties, experimental setups and measurement conditions are presented in details.
关键词： Titanium nanolayers,Titanium (IV) oxide nanolayers,Layer ion modification,X-ray reflectometry,Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction,Silicon, quartz substrates
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Operando Analysis of Electron Accumulation in Titanium(IV) Oxide Particles in an Aqueous Suspension Using a Photoacoustic Spectroscopic Method
摘要： The time course of photoabsorption of an aqueous suspension of titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) particles was studied using photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy. In the absence of an electron acceptor and the presence of an electron donor, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation increased PA intensity because photoabsorption of the suspension increased due to trivalent titanium (Ti3+) species generated by electron accumulation in TiO2 particles. In contrast, the addition of methylene blue (MB) as an acceptor caused a decrease in PA intensity, indicating that accumulated electrons were consumed by reduction of MB to colorless leuco-MB. The results for various TiO2 particles indicated that Ti3+ density is determined by this method. Moreover, the measurement can be applicable to quantitative operando analysis for accumulated electrons in a photocatalytic reaction.
关键词： photoacoustic spectroscopy,photocatalytic reaction,Ti3+ density,electron accumulation,titanium(IV) oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO <sub/>2</sub> nanotubes
摘要： Titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs) were anodically grown in ethylene glycol electrolyte. The influence of the anodization time on their physicochemical and photoelectrochemical properties was evaluated. Concomitant with the anodization time, the NT length, fluorine content, and capacitance of the space charge region increased, affecting the opto-electronic properties (bandgap, bathochromic shift, band-edge position) and surface hydrophilicity of TiO2 NTs. These properties are at the origin of the photocatalytic activity (PCA), as proved with the photooxidation of methylene blue.
关键词： nanotubes,photocatalytic activity,photoelectrochemistry,titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2),fluorine doping
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36