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Laser‐Assisted, Large‐Area Selective Crystallization and Patterning of Titanium Dioxide Polymorphs
摘要： While ubiquitous in multiple industrial applications, the widespread use of solution-based precursors for crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) for optoelectronic device integration remains limited due to its high processing temperature. This limitation generates material compatibility issues and complicates the fabrication steps, especially for low-temperature substrates used in flexible hybrid electronics and low-cost photovoltaics. It is currently possible to crystallize TiO2 at lower processing temperatures, but it requires a carefully-controlled atmosphere or metallic doping of the amorphous precursor and can only achieve a low-yield conversion of the precursor. This paper presents a qualitative method for the processing of an amorphous photo-sensitive precursor in order to achieve high-yield conversion to highly-crystalline TiO2 at room-temperature and in ambient environment without added dopants using a low-energy laser. Moreover, it demonstrates the ability to controllably convert locally to anatase or rutile TiO2 only by adjusting the laser power density. This work shows real potential for the additive manufacturing of TiO2 structures for photo-catalysis, printable flexible hybrid electronics and low-cost photovoltaics using low-energy laser processing that is compatible with heat sensitive materials and flexible substrates.
关键词： rutile,anatase,titanium dioxide,laser-assisted conversion
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Study of Photovoltaic Devices with Hybrid Active Layer
摘要： The aim of this work is to present the influences of composition of the material and manufacturing technology conditions of the organic photovoltaics devices (OPv) with the organic and hybrid bulk heterojunction on the active layers properties and cells performance. The layers were produced by using small molecular compounds: the metal-phthalocyanine (MePc) and perylene derivatives (PTCDA) and the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Two kinds of metal phthalocyanines (NiPc, TiOPc) were used as donor material and pperylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) as an acceptor. The used manufacturing technique allowed to employ thin layers of materials in a fast deposition process. Bulk heterojunction was created by simultaneously applying the MePc:PTCDA materials during the evaporation of the components mixture. The research was based on the estimate of composition of bulk heterojunction, the examination of the surface morphology of the used layers and optical properties studies of the heterojunction and its implementation to photovoltaic architecture. The produced photovoltaic cells parameters were determined on the basis of current - voltage characteristics. The researches of structure of obtained layers were conducted by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The quantitative determination of surface topography by determining RMS and Ra coefficients were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In order to determine the optical properties of the films the UV-Visible spectroscope have been utilized. Current - voltage characteristics were employed to determine the basic photovoltaic parameters using a dedicated device. The paper describes the influence of the individual components sharing the bulk heterojunction on its structure, optical properties and morphology of surface. In addition it allows for linking active layers properties with the parameters of the photovoltaic cells. The obtained results suggest the possibility of developing the utilized materials and technology in the further works on photovoltaic structures.
关键词： metal-phthalocyanine,titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2),organic photovoltaics devices (OPv),perylene derivatives
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Dynamic intermolecular interactions control adsorption from mixtures of natural organic matter and protein onto titanium dioxide nanoparticles
摘要： Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) will obtain macromolecular coatings in environmental systems, changing their subsequent interactions. The matrix complexity inherent in natural waters and wastewaters greatly complicates prediction of the corona formation. Here, we investigate corona formation on titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs from mixtures of natural organic matter (NOM) and a protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), to thoroughly probe the role of mixture interactions in the adsorption process. Fundamentally different coronas were observed under different NP exposure conditions and time scales. In mixtures of NOM and protein, the corona composition was kinetically determined, and the species initially co-adsorbed but were ultimately limited to monolayers. On the contrary, sequential exposure of the NPs to pure solutions of NOM and protein resulted in extensive multilayer formation. The intermolecular complexation between NOM and BSA in solution and at the NP surface was the key mechanism controlling these distinctive adsorption behaviors, as determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and in situ attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Overall, this study demonstrates that dynamic intermolecular interactions and the history of the NP surface must be considered together to predict corona formation on NPs in complex environmental media.
关键词： corona formation,adsorption,bovine serum albumin,Engineered nanoparticles,titanium dioxide nanoparticles,natural organic matter,intermolecular interactions
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of titanium (IV) isopropoxide molarity on the crystallinity and photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide thin film deposited via green sol–gel route
摘要： In this paper, the effect of titanium (IV) isopropoxide TTIP molarity on the crystallinity and TiO2 thin film properties deposited via green sol–gel route was reported. The green sol–gel route is a pioneering approach for eco-friendly coating where solvent is not utilized in the sol formulation. This is in contrast to the common TiO2 sol formulation where solvent is used despite the long term harmful the environment. TiO2 solution with different TTIP molarity of 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M were utilized during coating deposition. Deposition were conducted for ten times using dip coating and treated at 500 ?C (1-h). The crystalline phases and phase content were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reference intensity ratio (RIR) equation. Crystallites size was obtained by Scherrer’s equation while coating morphologies was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The photocatalytic activity was conducted by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) towards UV-light and visible light. At higher TTIP molarity (0.5 M), higher crystallinity of mixed anatase (～17 nm) and rutile (～29 nm) phases were obtained along with homogeneous coating (cracking and visible pore). Also, higher MB degradation were obtained at UV-light (95%) and visible-light (86%) irradiation. In conclusion, higher TTIP molarity produced TiO2 film with higher crystallinity, small crystallite size, cracking morphology thus contribute good performance in photocatalytic activity. Findings in this work shown that TiO2 thin film deposition is possible conducted without the use of solvent through optimized formulation of only precursor, acid and water. This is beneficial for the environment sustainability.
关键词： Sol–gel dipping,Titanium dioxide,Green route,Solvent free,Titanium (IV) isopropoxide,Photocatalytic activity
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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One-step hydrothermal synthesis of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres with high lithium storage performance
摘要： The precursor of Fe(OH)3, C and TiO2 was synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Then, the of C in the composite was eliminated by calcination at 500 ℃ for 5h in an air atmosphere. Thereby, a Fe2O3@TiO2 microspheres composite material is synthesized. The incorporation of Fe2O3 helps provide high specific capacity, high speed cycling and stable life performance. The first discharge capacity is 688mAh/g, with higher discharge capacity of Fe2O3@TiO2 microspheres (372mAh/g), and with the insertion/extraction of Li+ during charge and discharge, a dense SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) film is formed on the surface of the material to cause actual discharge of the graphite carbon material. The capacity is relatively low since the graphite carbon material has a lower theoretical specific capacity. The 2nd to 50th charge and discharge of Fe2O3@TiO2 microspheres, the capacitance retention rate exceeds 90%. The outstanding stable cycling and well rate performance suggest that Fe2O3@TiO2 microspheres have great potential to be applied as anode material for lithium ion batteries.
关键词： Anode,Carbon,Titanium dioxide,Ferric oxide,Lithium ion battery
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering || Glass, Self-Cleaning
摘要： In this article, the essential technological and the scientific features of self-cleaning glass coatings based on titanium dioxide have been described. In addition, detailed aspects of the coating process and the functional aspects of the coatings, which provide the dual hydrophilic and photoactive cleaning mechanism, have also been presented.
关键词： Titanium Dioxide,Glass,Hydrophilic,Photocatalytic Activity,Self-Cleaning
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Polyoxometalates/TiO2 Fenton-like photocatalysts with rearranged oxygen vacancies for enhanced synergetic degradation
摘要： Oxygen vacancy modulation has emerged as a prevalent strategy to improve the performance of heterogeneous catalysts. By far, the impact of oxygen vacancy rearrangement on the efficiency of Fenton-like reaction remains largely unknown. In this paper, Fe-containing polyoxometalates were coupled with defect-rearranged TiO2 to construct defective Fenton-like photocatalysts. Experimental characterizations revealed that defect rearrangement facilitated the interfacial transfer of electrons from TiO2 to polyoxometalate molecules. Fenton-like photocatalysts with rearranged defects exhibited 5 and 3.5 times higher activity for the synergetic degradation of toxic dye and 5-Sulfosalicylic acid than pristine TiO2. This enhancement was ascribed to the beneficial role of oxygen vacancy modulation for activating oxygen and H2O2 molecules into ?O2- and ?OH radicals. Our work provides new opportunities for exploring efficient Fenton-like photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
关键词： Photocatalytic reaction,Polyoxometalates,Fenton-like reaction,Titanium Dioxide,Oxygen vacancy rearrangement
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Dry-co-grinding of doped TiO2 with nitrogen, silicon or selenium for enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV/visible and visible light irradiation for environmental applications
摘要： TiO2 doped with nitrogen (N), silicon (Si), or selenium (Se) (N-TiO2, Si-TiO2, and Se-TiO2) were obtained by the integrated sol-gel and solvothermal method with short time of crystallization and low temperature. The UV/visible and visible light absorption and photocatalytic activity of these doped TiO2 materials were improved by a dry-co-grinding process with a short grinding time and low rotational speed (30 min at 200 rpm) to obtain N-TiO2/Si-TiO2 and N-TiO2/Se-TiO2 catalysts. The materials were characterized by XRD, Raman, BET surface area and porosity, XRF, SEM, TEM, FTIR-ATR, and UV/vis-DRS analyses. The photocatalytic activity of these materials was evaluated by the degradation of phenol under UV/visible and visible light irradiation. The integrated sol-gel and solvothermal methods with short time of crystallization (2 h) and low temperature (225 °C), and the dry-co-grinding process during 30 min at 200 rpm led to materials (N-TiO2/Si-TiO2 and N-TiO2/Se-TiO2) with higher specific surface area, a reduction in the band gap value, and an enhancement of the absorption in the visible light spectrum. Moreover, N-TiO2/Si-TiO2 and N-TiO2/Se-TiO2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activities for degradation of phenol under UV/visible and visible light irradiation than those obtained with the doped TiO2, synthesized TiO2 or TiO2 P25.
关键词： Doping TiO2,Titanium dioxide,Sol-gel,Co-grinding process,Solvothermal
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Advantages of TiO2/carbon nanotube modified photocatalytic membranes in the purification of oil-in-water emulsions
摘要： For the effective puri?cation of emulsi?ed oil contaminated waters advanced treatment methods have to be applied, such as membrane ?ltration, which is able to eliminate macro-, and even nanoscale oil droplets, however, membrane fouling is still a major problem, which prevents economic utilization. Therefore, fouling mitigation is one of the most important aspects in the ?eld of membrane separation developments. In the present study, solely TiO2 and TiO2/carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite modi?ed PVDF membranes were prepared and used to purify oil-in-water emulsions. Achievable ?uxes, reversible and irreversible ?ltration resistances, fouling models, ?ltration ef?ciencies and photocatalytic activities were compared in case of different nanomaterial covered and unmodi?ed PVDF membranes. Applying either solely TiO2 or solely CNT coating resulted in the signi?cant reduction of total ?ltration resistance in both cases, but the combination of the two components (TiO2 with 1 wt% CNT) resulted in by far the highest ?ux and lowest resistance, meanwhile, the enhanced photocatalytic ef?ciency of the composite was also achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this study demonstrates the bene?cial effects of the combination of TiO2 and CNT nanomaterials for the ?rst time in the ?eld of membrane separation of oil-in-water emulsions.
关键词： membrane,titanium dioxide,oil-in-water emulsion,enhanced ?ux,carbon nanotube,composite
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Synthesis and characterization of Ni incorporated titanium dioxide thin films
摘要： Thin ?lms of insulating Ti1(cid:1)xNixO2 (x 5 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) are synthesized by the spray pyrolysis technique. All the ?lms are seen to crystallize into polycrystalline anatase phase of TiO2. However, weak signature of the NiTiO3 phase is also observed for the ?lms having higher Ni ion concentration. Optical absorption analysis suggests nonmonotonous band gap decrease from 3.67 to 3.59 eV with respect to added concentration of Ni ions unto ‘x’ 5 0.10 in the TiO2 matrix. The presence of ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature in Ni incorporated TiO2 ?lms is revealed by M–H measurements. Calculated values of saturation magnetization indicate that the observed ferromagnetism is not due to the presence of Ni clusters or segregation of other ferromagnetic phase. Electrically insulating nature of the ?lms suggests that the observed FM ordering is most probably due to the ferromagnetic interaction between bound magnetic polarons which formed due to the creation of oxygen vacancies or defects.
关键词： ferromagnetism,Ni incorporated titanium dioxide,spray pyrolysis,optical properties,thin films
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36