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Mechanism of formation of titanium dioxide crystallites in the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with magnesium hydrosilicate nanotubes
摘要： Explored herein is the first cycle of atomic layer deposition of titanium dioxide from titanium tetrachloride and water vapours on the nanotubular magnesium hydrosilicate Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, a synthetic analogue of chrysotile. The structure and morphology of the products are characterised by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption measurements. A side reaction between chrysotile and hydrogen chloride is followed by in situ gravimetry. At 150 °C, titanium tetrachloride chemisorption is shown to produce a monomolecular layer of titanium–chlorine groups on the surface of the chrysotile nanotube preserving its original crystal structure. By contrast, at higher temperatures, 300–400 °C, the process is complicated by a secondary interaction including dehydroxylation of the substrate and a reaction of released water with titanium tetrachloride to form titanium dioxide crystallites in the free space between nanotubes. Structural transformations of chrysotile lowering its thermal stability and leading to its dehydroxylation are caused by the action of hydrogen chloride, a by-product of titanium tetrachloride chemisorption and titanium dioxide formation.
关键词： Atomic layer deposition,Reaction front advance,Titanium tetrachloride,Hydrogen chloride,Chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) nanotubes
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effects of TiCl4 post-treatment on the performance of hole transport material-free, screen printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode
摘要： The prevention of current leakage in perovskite solar cells is an effective method for improving performance of devices. In this work, we treated a surface of TiO2 compact layer by the way of hydrolyzing TiCl4 aqueous solution and have investigated the influence of TiCl4 post-treatment on the performance of hole transport material-free, screen printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode. The device, which fabricated by TiO2 compact layer post-treated with TiCl4 aqueous solution for 50 min, has achieved highest device performance, with a short-circuit current density of 23.28 mA cm-2, an open circuit voltage of 0.98 V, a fill factor of 0.65 and the power conversion efficiency of 14.83%. The improved device performance is attributed to inhibition of charge recombination at the fluorine-doped tin oxide/perovskite interface and improvement of charge transport ability of the TiO2 compact layer by TiCl4 post-treatment.
关键词： Hole transport material-free,Chemical bath deposition,Titanium tetrachloride post-treatment,One-step deposition,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The Role of Thickness Control and Interface Modification in Assembling Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved tremendous success within just a decade. This success is critically dependent upon compositional engineering, morphology control of perovskite layer, or contingent upon high-temperature annealed mesoporous TiO2, but quantitative analysis of the role of facile TiCl4 treatment and thickness control of the compact TiO2 layer has not been satisfactorily undertaken. Herein, we report the facile thickness control and post-treatment of the electron transport TiO2 layer to produce highly efficient planar PSCs. TiCl4 treatment of TiO2 layer could remove the surface trap and decrease the charge recombination in the prepared solar cells. Introduction of ethanol into the TiCl4 aqueous solution led to further improved open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density of the related devices, thus giving rise to enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE). After the optimal TiCl4 treatment, PCE of 16.42% was achieved for PSCs with TiCl4 aqueous solution-treated TiO2 and 19.24% for PSCs with TiCl4 aqueous/ethanol solution-treated TiO2, respectively. This work sheds light on the promising potential of simple planar PSCs without complicated compositional engineering and avoiding the deposition and optimization of the mesoporous scaffold layer.
关键词： titanium tetrachloride,titanium dioxide,surface treatment,perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04