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Endoscopic capacity in West Africa
摘要： Background: Levels of endoscopic demand and capacity in West Africa are unclear. Objectives: This paper aims to: 1. describe the current labor and endoscopic capacity, 2. quantify the impact of a mixed-methods endoscopy course on healthcare professionals in West Africa, and 3. quantify the types of diagnoses encountered. Methods: In a three-day course, healthcare professionals were surveyed on endoscopic resources and capacity and were taught through active observation of live cases, case discussion, simulator experience and didactics. Before and after didactics, multiple-choice exams as well as questionnaires were administered to assess for course efficacy. Also, a case series of 23 patients needing upper GI endoscopy was done. Results: In surveying physicians, less than half had resources to perform an EGD and none could perform an ERCP, while waiting time for emergency endoscopy in urban populations was at least one day. In assessing improvement in medical knowledge among participants after didactics, objective data paired with subjective responses was more useful than either alone. Of 23 patients who received endoscopy, 7 required endoscopic intervention with 6 having gastric or esophageal varices. Currently the endoscopic capacity in West Africa is not sufficient. A formal GI course with simulation and didactics improves gastrointestinal knowledge amongst participants.
关键词： endoscopic demand,training course,West Africa,Endoscopic capacity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 12th International Conference on Communications (COMM) - Bucharest (2018.6.14-2018.6.16)] 2018 International Conference on Communications (COMM) - Supervized Change Detection for SAR Imagery Based on Processing of a Low Size Training Data Set by an Ensemble of Self-Organizing Maps
摘要： This paper presents a new method to improve accuracy of supervised change detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The model is based on the idea to apply a low size labeled dataset to the input of an Ensemble of Self-Organizing Maps (ESOM) for training data generation (TDG). The resulted synthetic data set produced by ESOM substitutes the initial authentically labeled sample set and it is used to train a supervised change detection classifier. The proposed method is evaluated using a TerraSAR-X image of 400x400 pixels acquired in the Fukushima region, Japan, before and after tsunami. As change detection classifiers we have comparatively considered Support Vector Machine (SVM), Nearest Neighbor (NN), the three-Nearest Neighbors (3-NN), and Likelihood Bayes classifier. The experimental results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach using only 100 authentic labeled pixels.
关键词： SAR images,ensemble of self-organizing maps (ESOM),virtual training data generation(VTDG),change detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A New Hands-on Course in Characterization of Wide Bandgap Devices
摘要： As wide bandgap (WBG) devices and applications move from niche to mainstream, a new generation of engineers trained in this area is critical to continue the development of the field. This paper introduces a new hands-on course in characterization of WBG devices, which is an emerging and fundamental topic in WBG-based techniques. First, the lecture-simulation-experiment format based course structure and design considerations, such as safety, are presented. Then the necessary facilities to support this hands-on course are summarized, including classroom preparation, software tools, and laboratory equipment. Afterward, the detailed course implementation flow is presented to illustrate the approach of close interaction among lecture, simulation, and experiment to maximize students’ learning outcomes. Finally, grading for students and course evaluation by students are discussed with the findings and potential improvements highlighted. Detailed course materials are provided via potenntial.eecs.utk.edu/WBGLab for educational use.
关键词： electrical engineering education,power electronics,hands-on training,WBG devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Beam Training and Allocation for Multiuser Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Systems
摘要： We investigate beam training and allocation for multiuser millimeter wave massive MIMO systems. An orthogonal pilot based beam training scheme is first developed to reduce the number of training times, where all users can simultaneously perform the beam training with the base station (BS). As the number of users increases, the same beam from the BS may point to different users, leading to beam conflict and multiuser interference. Therefore, a quality-of-service (QoS) constrained (QC) beam allocation scheme is proposed to maximize the equivalent channel gain of the QoS-satisfied users, under the premise that the number of the QoS-satisfied users without beam conflict is maximized. To reduce the overhead of beam training, two partial beam training schemes, an interlaced scanning (IS) and a selection probability (SP) based schemes, are proposed. The overhead of beam training for the IS-based scheme can be reduced by nearly half while the overhead for the SP-based scheme is flexible. Simulation results show that the QC-based beam allocation scheme can effectively mitigate the interference caused by the beam conflict and significantly improve the spectral efficiency while the IS-based and SP-based schemes significantly reduce the overhead of beam training at the cost of sacrificing spectral efficiency a little.
关键词： beam allocation,massive MIMO,Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications,beam training
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Improvement in reading performance through training with simulated thalamic visual prostheses
摘要： Simulations of artificial vision are used to provide the researcher an opportunity to explore different aspects of visual prosthesis device design by observing subject performance on various tasks viewed through the simulation. Such studies typically use normal, sighted subjects to measure performance at a given point in time. Relatively few studies examine performance changes longitudinally to quantitatively assess the benefits from a training plan that would be akin to post-implantation rehabilitation. Here, we had six normal, sighted subjects use a standard reading task with daily practice over eight weeks to understand the effects of an intensive training schedule on adaptation to artificial sight. Subjects read 40 MNREAD-style sentences per session, with a new set each session, that were presented at five font sizes (logMAR 1.0–1.4) and through three center-weighted phosphene patterns (2,000, 1,000, 500 phosphenes). We found that subjects improved their reading accuracy across sessions, and that the training lead to an increase of reading speed that was equivalent to a doubling of available phosphenes. Most importantly, the hardest condition, while initially illegible, supported functional reading after training. Consistent with experience-driven neuroplastic changes, gaps in the training schedule lead to transient decreases in reading speed, but, surprisingly, not reading accuracy. Our findings contribute to our larger project of developing a thalamic visual prosthesis and to post-implant rehabilitation strategies.
关键词： training,simulation,rehabilitation,artificial vision,reading performance,visual prosthesis,phosphene patterns
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Face-to-face versus online training for the interpretation of findings in the fiberoptic endoscopic exam of the swallow procedure
摘要： Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of an online, interdisciplinary, interactive course designed to increase the ability to accurately interpret the fiberoptic endoscopic exam of the swallow (FEES) procedure to traditional, face-to-face (F2F) lectures for both graduate medical education (GME) and graduate speech language pathology (GSLP) programs. Design: This was a prospective, quantitative, nonrandomized study. Participants were medical residents in physical medicine and rehabilitation from two affiliated programs and graduate students in speech language pathology from two instructional cohorts at a single institution. Group 1, traditional group (n=51), participated in F2F lectures using an audience response system, whereas Group 2, online group (n=57), participated in an online, interactive course. The main outcome measure was pre- and post-course FEES knowledge test scores. Results: For Group 1, the mean pre-course score was 26.94 (SD=3.24) and the post-course score was 34.96 (SD=2.51). Differences between pre- and post-course scores for Group 1 were significant (t=?16.38, P≤0.0001). For Group 2, the mean pre-course score was 27.05 (SD=2.74) and the post-course score was 34.05 (SD=2.84). Differences between pre- and post-course scores for Group 2 were significant (t=?13.5, P≤0.0001). The mean knowledge change score for Group 1 and Group 2 was 8.01 (SD=3.50) and 7.04 (SD=3.91), respectively (nonsignificant, t=1.372, P=0.173), suggesting groups made similar gains. Conclusion: Incorporating technology into GME and GSLP programs yielded comparable gains to traditional lectures. Findings support the use of online education as a viable alternative to the traditional F2F classroom format for the instruction of the cognitive component of the FEES procedure.
关键词： deglutition,training,endoscopy,dysphagia,swallowing,medical education
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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The effect of playing video games on fiberoptic intubation skills
摘要： Introduction: The effect on hand-eye coordination and visuospatial skills made videogames popular for training in laparoscopic surgery. Although similar effects may be true for fiberoptic intubation (FOI), it hasn't been studied before. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of playing videogames with gamepad on FOI skills. Methods: After obtaining ethical approval and informed consent, 36 anaesthesia residents with no experience on fiberoptic intubation were divided into two groups. Group C (n = 18) consisted of the residents without any videogame experience with gamepad. Group PS (n = 18) played a videogame 30 minutes/day for five days. All residents performed their first nasal FOI on a patient undergoing orthognathic surgery with no known difficult intubation under general anaesthesia under supervision of an experienced anaesthesiologist. Intubation time, success rate, pre- and post-intubation SpO2 and etCO2 values were recorded. Results: Intubation time was shorter (p = 0,017) and success rate at the first attempt was higher in Group PS (p = 0,045) compared to Group C. We performed multivariate linear regression analysis to investigate which independent variables (gender of residents, experience in anaesthesiology, dominant hand, study group and previous history of videogame experience) affected our dependent variable intubation time. Backward analysis revealed previous videogame playing history (previous players vs. non-players) was the only significant predictor of intubation time (p = 0.010). Conclusion: Although we cannot reliably suggest using videogames as an educational tool for FOI, the results of our study showed that videogame playing history may provide an improvement in FOI time of novices in actual operating-theatre environment.
关键词： training,fiberoptic intubation,videogames
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Simulateur de chirurgie de cataracte EyeSi?: validité de construction des modules capsulorhexis, phacoémulsification et aspiration des masses cristalliniennes
摘要： Introduction. — Le but de notre étude est de tester la capacité du simulateur EyeSi à discriminer les chirurgiens novices des chirurgiens expérimentés lors de la réalisation des exercices de 3 modules de formation à la chirurgie de cataracte, afin de confirmer sa validité de construction pour ceux-ci. Matériels et méthode. — Nous avons inclus 18 chirurgiens répartis en 3 groupes : les ? novices ? (6 internes n’ayant jamais opéré de cataracte), les ? intermédiaires ? (6 internes ayant opéré entre 1 et 10 cataractes) et les ? experts ? (6 chirurgiens ayant opéré plus de 500 cataractes). Nous avons sélectionné 3 modules d’entra?nement du simulateur, le capsulorhexis, la phacoémulsification-cracking et l’aspiration des masses cristalliniennes résiduelles. Douze exercices de difficulté croissante ont été réalisés 2 fois de suite par chaque participant. Nous avons comparé les résultats du 2ème essai en stratifiant sur l’expérience du chirurgien. Résultats. — Pour le module capsulorhexis, dans l’exercice 1, les experts obtiennent des scores plus élevés que les 2 autres groupes (p = 0,0102). Pour le module phacoémulsification-cracking, les experts ont des scores significativement supérieurs dans l’exercice 8 (p = 0,0495) et il existe une tendance à la significativité dans les exercices 3 (p = 0,0934) et 5 (p = 0,0938). Le temps de réalisation de l’exercice décro?t également en fonction du niveau d’expérience dans les exercices 1 (p = 0,0444), 4 (p = 0,06) et 5 (p = 0,0189). Conclusion. — Nos résultats mettent en évidence de meilleurs résultats du groupe experts pour 4 exercices des modules capsulorhexis et phacoémulsification-cracking. Ceci confirme la validité de construction du simulateur EyeSi pour la chirurgie de cataracte déjà mise en évidence par d’autres travaux. Notre étude permettra de contribuer à la réalisation de programmes de formation pertinents sur simulateur pour les internes en ophtalmologie.
关键词： Irrigation and aspiration,Capsulorhexis,Cataract surgery,EyeSi cataract surgery simulator,Construct validity,Phacoemulsification,Systematic training program
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 XIV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE) - Novosibirsk, Russia (2018.10.2-2018.10.6)] 2018 XIV International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE) - Students' Project Developments of Wave Optics Virtual Labs
摘要： The author organized the project activity of computer modeling in teaching physics of IT students. The students' teams develop software products – virtual laboratories. The article presents some examples of the students' developments of virtual laboratories of Wave Optics.
关键词： computer modeling of physical processes,project training,virtual labs
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - Krakow (2018.10.16-2018.10.18)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - Human-Machine Interface for Remote Training of Robot Tasks.
摘要： Regardless of their industrial or research application, the streamlining of robot operations is limited by the proximity of experienced users to the actual hardware. Be it massive open online robotics courses, crowd-sourcing of robot task training, or remote research on massive robot farms for machine learning, the need to create an apt remote Human-Machine Interface is quite prevalent. The paper at hand proposes a novel solution to the programming/training of remote robots employing an intuitive and accurate user-interface which offers all the benefits of working with real robots without imposing delays and inefficiency. The system includes: a vision-based 3D hand detection and gesture recognition subsystem, a simulated digital twin of a robot as visual feedback, and the “remote” robot learning/executing trajectories using dynamic motion primitives. Our results indicate that the system is a promising solution to the problem of remote training of robot tasks.
关键词： Human-Machine Interface,Robot Tasks,Hand Detection,Remote Robots,Remote Training,Dynamic Motion Primitives
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29