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Statistical classification of contamination in glass insulators by reading its spectrum
摘要： This paper proposes to use a statistical approach for classifying the contamination level of insulators used in high voltage transmission lines. This studied case considers the voltage applied on glass insulators used in a chain of six elements of a 69 kV power line. When submitted to high voltage, the insulators radiate radio frequency signals up to frequencies of some GHz. In this frequency range the signal can be detected using portable antennas, and then be applied to post processing. These received spectra are analyzed by statistical methods, mean and standard deviation, and the cross relation between them is used to classify the pollution level in insulators. To reduce complexity and cost a simple data processing using the mean and the standard deviation are used. Two types of glass insulators are considered: clean or polluted, and to cover the entire frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz two types of antennas were needed. The results obtained with the mean and the standard deviation show that the first 100 MHz bandwidth can be used for statistical of the insulator pollution level.
关键词： radio frequency spectrum,mean value,High voltage transmission lines insulators,statistical classification methods,standard deviation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Suppression of radiation loss in high kinetic inductance superconducting co-planar waveguides
摘要： We present a lab-on-chip technique to measure the very low losses in superconducting transmission lines at (sub-) mm wavelengths. The chips consist of a 100 nm-thick NbTiN Co-planar Waveguide (CPW) Fabry–P(cid:2)erot (FP) resonator, coupled, on one side, to an antenna and, on the other side, to a Microwave Kinetic Inductance detector. Using a single frequency radiation source allows us to measure the frequency response of the FP around 350 GHz and deduce its losses. We show that the loss is dominated by radiation loss inside the CPW line that forms the FP and that it decreases with the decreasing linewidth and increasing kinetic inductance as expected. The results can be quantitatively understood using SONNET simulations. The lowest loss is observed for a CPW with a total width of 6 lm and corresponds to a Q-factor of (cid:2)15 000.
关键词： radiation loss,Fabry–P(cid:2)erot resonator,co-planar waveguides,superconducting transmission lines,kinetic inductance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Wave propagation of the perturbed nonlinear Schr?dingers equation in the nonlinear left-handed transmission lines
摘要： This paper secures chirped dark and bright solitons of the perturbed nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation with parabolic law nonlinearity and self-steepening effect in the nonlinear left-handed metamaterials (NLHMs). We use the ansatz method, sine-cosine, csch function method and the auxiliary equation method to fall out the various soliton solutions. In view of the results obtained, rational, hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions emerge and there are new in CRLH TL. The existence criteria of these solutions are also discussed. Finally, we observed that the use of the auxiliary equation method leads to the abundant and efficient solutions than the other methods.
关键词： integrability,composite right/left-handed transmission lines,Soliton
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Semiclassical analysis of dark-state transient dynamics in waveguide circuit QED
摘要： The interaction between superconducting qubits and one-dimensional microwave transmission lines has been studied experimentally and theoretically in the past two decades. In this work, we investigate the spontaneous emission of an initially excited artificial atom which is capacitively coupled to a semi-infinite transmission line, shorted at one end. This configuration can be viewed as an atom in front of a mirror. The distance between the atom and the mirror introduces a time delay in the system, which we take into account fully. When the delay time equals an integer number of atom oscillation periods, the atom converges into a dark state after an initial decay period. The dark state is an effect of destructive interference between the reflected part of the field and the part directly emitted by the atom. Based on circuit quantization, we derive linearized equations of motion for the system and use these for a semiclassical analysis of the transient dynamics. We also make a rigorous connection to the quantum optics system-reservoir approach and compare these two methods to describe the dynamics. We find that both approaches are equivalent for transmission lines with a low characteristic impedance, while they differ when this impedance is higher than the typical impedance of the superconducting artificial atom.
关键词： quantum optics,circuit quantization,spontaneous emission,dark state,superconducting qubits,microwave transmission lines
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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New Wafer-Level High-Frequency Characterization of Coupled Transmission Lines
摘要： In this article, a new experimental characterization technique for coupled transmission lines is presented. Three specific experimental test patterns (E-, F-, and G-type structures) that can individually characterize the electromagnetic coupling of two coupled lines are developed and fabricated on the same wafer using a 0.18-μm CMOS process. Since the devised test patterns are two-port networks, well-established two-port network characterization techniques can be exploited. Transmission line model parameters (i.e., propagation constants and characteristic impedances) associated with the three two-port test patterns can be directly determined from the measured S-parameters, followed by circuit model parameters (R, L, C, and G) for two coupled lines. Without rigorous equipment calibration and deembedding parasitic effects, experimental characterizations for two coupled lines using four-port network S-parameter measurements may yield physically ambiguous data above 10 GHz due to the parasitic resonances, whereas the proposed technique can determine stable and accurate network parameters over a broad frequency band. To further support the validity of the proposed technique, they are compared with data using 3-D numerical calculations and low-frequency capacitance measurements.
关键词： Characteristic impedance,propagation constant,deembedding,S-parameters,transmission lines
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 49th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) - Paris, France (2019.10.1-2019.10.3)] 2019 49th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) - Conductor-backed coplanar waveguide on BCB with thin metal layers and via holes
摘要： A process for microelectronic technology is developed for integration of passive devices with existing active device technology for submillimeter wave and THz frequency range applications. Performances of a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide on BCB polymer and interconnecting via between ground planes are presented up to 67 GHz with a 50 Ω characteristic impedance and a BCB relative permittivity of 2.676.
关键词： THz coplanar waveguides,polymer dielectric,submillimeter wave waveguides,transmission lines
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Broadband Determination of the Even- and Odd-Mode Propagation Constants of Coupled Lines Based on Two-Port Measurements
摘要： We describe a method for the broadband measurement of the even- and odd-mode propagation constants of symmetrical coupled transmission lines. The main advantage of the method, its simplicity, lies in the lack of need for four-port measurements. Only two-port measurements are required, and thus just a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA). The accuracy of the results can be increased at the cost of a higher number of measured coupled-line lengths. The new approach has been successfully applied for the determination of coupled microstrip lines in the 2- to 20-GHz frequency band in both simulated and experimental cases. A brief discussion about the repeatability of the microstrip launcher and the adverse effects of radiation is included.
关键词： coupled microstrip lines,transmission line measurements,characterization,Broadband measurements,multiconductor transmission lines,propagation constant
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS 2019 - Boston, MA, USA (2019.6.2-2019.6.7)] 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS) - W-band Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguide (FG-CPW) using Laser Enhanced Direct-Print Additive Manufacturing (LE-DPAM)
摘要： Design, fabrication, and measurement of finite ground coplanar waveguides (FG-CPWs) operating up to 110 GHz is demonstrated using additive manufacturing (AM) technology. FG-CPWs were fabricated using laser enhanced direct-print additive manufacturing, where laser-machining at 355 nm or 1064 nm wavelength was employed along with fused deposition modeling and micro-dispensing in a single digital manufacturing platform. This approach provides high dimensional accuracy that is required by mm-wave packaging systems. The characterization of laser machining at wavelengths of both 355 nm and 1064 nm was examined with specific focus on the feature size and dimensional accuracy. Several FG-CPW designs for 50 and 60 ohms are characterized and compared against a FG-CPW line on a commercially available calibration substrate. Attenuation as low as ~0.3 dB/mm at 110 GHz is achieved. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported experimental result for transmission lines at W-band using laser enhanced direct-print additive manufacturing (LE-DPAM).
关键词： transmission lines,W-band,laser machining,additive manufacturing,FG-CPW,millimeter wave,3D Printing,110 GHz
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Configurable Perforated Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide (AFSIW) For Generic High-Performance Systems on Substrate
摘要： In this article, the patent pending configurable perforated air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (PAFSIW) is presented. First, a theoretical and experimental study of the proposed PAFSIW topology is introduced. Specifically, it is demonstrated that a low-cost Hi-Tg FR4 PAFSIW transmission line can handle over 190 W (up to 1340 W, determined from extrapolation of the experimental results) of continuous wave (CW) power at 20 GHz with an enhanced thermal dissipation compared with its AFISW counterpart. Then, configurable phase shifters, resonators, and filters based on the PAFSIW transmission line sections are introduced. Those components are fabricated using the conventional printed circuit board (PCB) and the through-hole mounting (THM) process to demonstrate the PAFSIW versatility and fabrication-tolerance robustness. The proposed PAFSIW extends the capabilities of the high-performance AFSIW technological platform as it provides genericity, manufacturing process robustness, and an alternative to improve thermal dissipation. The authors expect its implementation in highly configurable microwave- and millimeter-wave circuits for future generic systems on substrate.
关键词： systems on substrate,filters,power-handling,cavities,Air-filled substrate integrated waveguides (AFSIWs),transmission lines,resonators,configurability,phase shifters
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Multiple LOD-FDTD Method for Inhomogeneous Coupled Transmission Lines and Stability Analyses
摘要： A multiple locally one-dimensional (MLOD) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for inhomogeneous coupled transmission lines and stability analyses are presented. The method is aptly called the MLOD coupled line (CL)-FDTD method. Various split matrices are proposed, and the corresponding update equations are formulated and discussed. All the proposed split matrices yield implicit electric field update equations with tridiagonal or block tridiagonal matrices on the left-hand sides. For more efficiency, the block tridiagonal matrices for implicit electric field may be reformulated and replaced by tridiagonal matrices for implicit magnetic field. The stability analysis is first performed using the von Neumann method in the Fourier domain. It is shown that the von Neumann method alone may not be sufficient to ascertain stability for inhomogeneous media. To include media inhomogeneity, the two-media reduced-matrix stability analysis is proposed. It allows us to analyze efficiently the key stability characteristics in inhomogeneous media, and is useful for quick detection of any potential instability that is not apparent via the von Neumann method. The stability characteristics with variation of media parameters are also investigated and discussed. Numerical results are provided to validate the stability and accuracy of the proposed MLOD CL-FDTD method with various split matrices.
关键词： Multiple LOD FDTD method,stability,split matrices,coupled transmission lines
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04